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Caudal anesthesia in pediatrics: an update.

AIM: Caudal anesthesia is one of the most used-popular regional blocks in children. This technique is a useful adjunct during general anesth … als. After premedication with midazolam, anesthesia was induced with thiopental and maintained with sevoflurane in oxygen/air. After induction, patients received a caudal blockade either with ropivacaine 0.375% at 0.5 mL/kg (Low Volume High Concentration Group, LVHC; n = 15), or ropivacaine 0.1% at 1.8 mLl/kg (High Volume Low Concentration Group, HVLC; n = 15 …

[The anesthesiological questionnaire for patients in the outpatient context : Investigations on patient state of health after outpatient operations using the anesthesiological questionnaire for patients].

BACKGROUND: The evaluation of German postanesthesia questionnaires is often restricted to inpatient medical care. The anesthesiological ques … tenance of anesthesia was achieved with a balanced technique comprising volatile anesthesia (either sevoflurane or desflurane) and sufentanil. In addition, patients undergoing operations on the anterior cruciate ligament received a femoral nerve block with 12-15 ml 0.5% ropivacaine. Of the patients 13% remained in hospital overnight as a result of complex ope …

A Macintosh laryngoscope blade for videolaryngoscopy reduces stylet use in patients with normal airways.

BACKGROUND: Although most tracheal intubations with direct laryngoscopy are not performed with a styletted endotracheal tube, it is recommen … tal Macintosh blade. After subsequent positive-pressure ventilation using a face mask and an oxygen-sevoflurane mixture for 1 min, the trachea was intubated using one of the three VLSs. During intubation, the following data were collected: intubation time, number of intubation attempts, use of extra tools to facilitate intubation, and overall satisfaction sco …

Use of anesthetic agents in neonates and young children.

BACKGROUND: Some drugs used for sedation and anesthesia produce histopathologic central nervous system changes in juvenile animal models. Th … tamine, midazolam, lorazepam, fentanyl, methadone, morphine, meperidine, isoflurane, nitrous oxide, sevoflurane, halothane, enflurane, desflurane, propofol, etomidate, barbiturate, methoxyflurane, and chloral hydrate. We summarized several studies sponsored by the FDA in rats and monkeys, initially examining the potential for ketamine, as a prototypical agent …

Perioperative inflammation, anesthesia modulation and cellular signaling in lung cancer: an integrated transcriptomic and single-cell analysis.

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing lung cancer surgery experience significant systemic inflammatory responses and anesthetic interventions duri … amples were compared to assess pathway alterations before and after anesthesia with propofol versus sevoflurane, evaluating the directional influence of the anesthetic regimen on inflammation-related regulation. Cell annotation and composition statistics were then performed on single-cell data from lung cancer and adjacent tissues. This analysis localized the …

Syringe or mask? Loop electrosurgical excision procedure under local or general anesthesia: a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: Loop electrosurgical excision procedure may be performed under local anesthesia or general anesthesia, and practice patterns dif … e hydrochloride 0.5% or under general anesthesia with fentanyl, propofol, and a laryngeal mask with sevoflurane maintenance. The primary endpoint was patient satisfaction assessed on the day of surgery and 14 days thereafter using a Likert scale (score 0-100) and a questionnaire. Secondary endpoints included rates of involved margins, procedure-related compli …

Efficacy of Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States-Recommended Methods of Preparation for Malignant Hyperthermia-Susceptible Patients Using Dräger Zeus Anesthesia Workstations and Associated Costs.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and cost of Malignant Hyperthermia Association of the United States-recommended methods for preparing Dräger Zeus anesthesia workstations (AWSs) for the malignant hyperthermia-susceptible patient. METHODS: We studied washout profiles of sevoflurane, isoflurane, and desflurane in 3 Zeus AWS following 3 preparation methods. AWS was primed with 1.2 minimum alveolar concentration anesthetic for 2 hours using 2 L/min fresh gas flow, 500 mL tidal volume, and 12/min respiratory rate. Two phases of washout were performed: high flow (1…

[Removal of the laryngeal mask airway in the post-anesthesia care unit. A means of process optimization?].

BACKGROUND: Removal of the laryngeal mask airway in the post-anesthesia care unit could potentially contribute to a faster turnover from one … d the PLMA removed when the patient was awake. The anesthesia technique was standardized [balanced, sevoflurane, fentanyl, bispectral index-guided (BIS) target value=35±5] and identical in both groups until randomization. Patients were breathing room air during transport to the recovery room. Different time intervals as well as the incidence of critical incid …

General anaesthesia for laparascopic adrenalectomy.

BACKGROUND: Local cryoablation guided by CT or ultrasound has been widely applied in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, it is still difficult to apply this technique in certain regions such as the diaphragm dome, the first hepatic hilum, and regions adjacent to the gallbladder. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided percutaneous cryoablation as well as the effect of using an open MRI system in guiding and monitoring the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma in these regions. METHODS: Cryoablation, guided by an ope

37th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine (part 2 of 3) : Brussels, Belgium. 21-24 March 2017

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… All animals were anesthetized by sevoflurane and mechanically ventilated via nasotracheal tube. In HypP group we exposed rabbits to two series of 10% oxygen for 10 min with 5 min reoxygenation. In HyperP group rabbits were exposed to 80% oxygen for 30 min. …

Physiological pattern differences in non-intubated vs. intubated thoracic anesthesia based on time series analysis.

BACKGROUND: It is still weak with evidence of the targeted anesthesia management for non-intubated thoracic anesthesia, mainly based on the … n, and slope analysis. RESULTS: The protocol of both non-intubated SubL and Lob reduced the use of sevoflurane, sufentanil, remifentanil, and cisatracurium (P<0.01). In the process of non-intubated thoracic anesthesia, statistical analysis of interquartile range (IQR) and the percentage of monitoring parameters values within the normal range showed significa …

Refining the anesthesia management of the face-lift patient: lessons learned from 1089 consecutive face lifts.

BACKGROUND: The importance of anesthetic technique is often underappreciated in face-lift procedures and is sparsely written about in the literature. Appropriate control of blood pressure, anxiety, pain, and nausea is essential for reducing the complications of face lift, primarily, hematoma risk. This study discusses the standard anesthetic protocol provided at the authors' institution and describes the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative management of face-lift patients resulting in low hematoma and complication rates. METHODS: One thousand eighty-nine patients who underwent fac

The human carotid body: expression of oxygen sensing and signaling genes of relevance for anesthesia.

BACKGROUND: Hypoxia is a common cause of adverse events in the postoperative period, where respiratory depression due to residual effects of drugs used in anesthesia is an important underlying factor. General anesthetics and neuromuscular blocking agents reduce the human ventilatory response to hypoxia. Although the carotid body (CB) is the major oxygen sensor in humans, critical oxygen sensing and signaling pathways have been investigated only in animals so far. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterize the expression of key genes and localization of their products involved in the human

Anaesthetic management for caesarean section combined with removal of phaeochromocytoma.

In this case report, the anaesthetic management for a removal of phaeochromocytoma undertaken immediately following Caesarean section is described. A 32-year-old female patients was given epidural anaesthesia for Caesarean section, and thereafter, general anaesthesia for a resection of phaeochromocytoma. During surgery, phentolamine, nitroglycerine and prostaglandin E1 were electively administered to decrease blood pressure and heart rate. A live infant was delivered and the supra-adrenal tumour was excised successfully. The patient's post-operative recovery was uneventful.

Independent predictors of delay in emergence from general anesthesia.

Some patients with intellectual disabilities spend longer than others in emergence from ambulatory general anesthesia for dental treatment. Although antiepileptic drugs and anesthetics might be involved, an independent predictor for delay of the emergence remains unclear. Thus, a purpose of this study is to identify independent factors affecting the delay of emergence from general anesthesia. This was a retrospective cohort study in dental patients with intellectual disabilities. Patients in need of sedative premedication were removed from participants. The outcome was time until emergence fro

Fibre-optic awake intubation for caesarean section in a parturient with predicted difficult airway.

Anaesthetic management of a parturient with predicted difficult airway presenting for caesarean section (CS) is not a straightforward decision: general anaesthesia should be avoided because intubation can be impossible and a "cannot intubate, cannot ventilate" scenario might ensue, on the other hand regional techniques can be unsuccessful or, though rarely, have complications that require emergency intubation. The case is presented of a primigravida admitted to hospital at 37 weeks' gestation with hypertension, intrauterine growth retardation and oligohydramnios. After a few days' observation,

Application of regional anesthesia in pediatric hip surgery for developmental dysplasia of the hip: A retrospective observational study.

Background and objectiveDevelopmental dysplasia of the hip is a common musculoskeletal condition in children. Although surgery is often requ … sthesia with mechanical ventilation was predominantly used in Groups L and M (P < 0.05). The use of sevoflurane for general anesthesia was highest in Group L and gradually decreased in Groups M and H (P < 0.05). Although surgical complexity increased with age, as reflected by more complex procedures, higher intraoperative blood transfusion rates, and longer a …

Synthesis of ([(11)C]carbonyl)raclopride and a comparison with ([(11)C]methyl)raclopride in a monkey PET study.

INTRODUCTION: The selective dopamine D2 receptor antagonist raclopride is usually labeled with carbon-11 using [(11)C]methyl iodide or [(11) … published method. In the PET study, two female cynomolgus monkeys were used under gas anesthesia of sevoflurane. A dynamic PET measurement was performed for 63 min with an HRRT PET camera after intravenous injection of ([(11)C]carbonyl)raclopride and ([(11)C]methyl)raclopride, respectively, during the same day. The order of injection of the two PET radioligan …