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Keyword Index for Volume 88

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" Глаза как окно к нейродегенерации: окисляющий стресс " , " Оптическая уязвимость нерва " и " Стержневой обзор биомаркеров-а " .

Нейродегенеративные заболевания представляют собой серьезное и растущее бремя для здоровья населения мира, характеризующееся постепенной нейронной дисфункцией, аксонной дегенерацией и необратимой потерей нейронных тканей. Все больше фактов указывает на окислительный стресс как на один из нескольких взаимодействующих патогенных механизмов в болезни Альцгеймера, болезни Паркинсона, амиотропического бокового склероза и нескольких оптических нейропот. Все больше внимания уделяется оси мозга и сетчатки, поскольку сетчатка и зрительный нерв делятся структурными, метаболическими и молекулярными харак

Potential Protective Role Exerted by Secoiridoids from Olea europaea L. in Cancer, Cardiovascular, Neurodegenerative, Aging-Related, and Immunoinflammatory Diseases.

Iridoids, which have beneficial health properties, include a wide group of cyclopentane [c] pyran monoterpenoids present in plants and insects. The cleavage of the cyclopentane ring leads to secoiridoids. Mainly, secoiridoids have shown a variety of pharmacological effects including anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, and anti-obesity, which increase the interest of studying these types of bioactive compounds in depth. Secoiridoids are thoroughly distributed in several families of plants such as Oleaceae, Valerianaceae, Gentianaceae a

The Anti-Cancer Effect of Polyphenols against Breast Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells: Molecular Mechanisms.

The high incidence of breast cancer in developed and developing countries, and its correlation to cancer-related deaths, has prompted concerned scientists to discover novel alternatives to deal with this challenge. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of polyphenol structures and classifications, as well as on the carcinogenic process. The biology of breast cancer cells will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-cancer activities of numerous polyphenols, against a wide range of breast cancer cells, in vitro and in vivo, will be explained in detail. The in

Прогрессивная слюнная речь как нетипичное представление GDAP2-относительно Spinocerebellar Ataxia: доклад по делу.

47-летний мужчина с сахарным диабетом и дислипидемией за четыре года развил прогрессивную речь. МРТ не выявила атрофии мозга, и обычные лабораторные и нейрофизиологические исследования были непримечательными. У его брата были похожие, но продвинутые симптомы, включая дисфагию и серьезные походки, что привело к зависимости от инвалидных колясок. Полноэкзомная последовательность выявила вероятную патогенную гомозиговую мутацию в гене GDAP2, подтверждающую диагноз атаксии 27 (SCAR27). В этом докладе подчеркивается важность рассмотрения наследственных атаксий при дифференциальном диагностике прогр

Radioprotectors & mitigators in radiation therapy: Harnessing diverse pathways for optimizing clinical outcomes.

Radioprotectors are agents that protect normal tissues from the harmful effects of radiation during cancer treatment. Combining these protective agents with advanced radiotherapy techniques such as stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and proton therapy offers a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing normal tissue toxicity. However, despite extensive research and the identification of numerous potential radioprotectors, only a few have made it into clinical practice. It is primarily because the transition from laboratory research to clinical application faces sign

Over-the-counter and compounded mouthwashes for radiotherapy-induced xerostomia: a randomized controlled trial.

Head and neck radiotherapy quantitatively and qualitatively compromises salivary flow, and salivary substitutes have the potential to alleviate the symptoms. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of two salivary substitutes in relieving symptoms of radiotherapy-induced xerostomia through a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Twenty-four patients were selected from a dental oncology clinic and randomly assigned to the over-the-counter or compounded mouthwash group. Each patient was instructed to rinse their oral cavity with the assigned solution three times a day for 30 days. Both p

Molecular mechanisms of the preventable causes of cancer in the United States.

Annually, there are 1.6 million new cases of cancer and nearly 600,000 cancer deaths in the United States alone. The public health burden associated with these numbers has motivated enormous research efforts into understanding the root causes of cancer. These efforts have led to the recognition that between 40% and 45% of cancers are associated with preventable risk factors and, importantly, have identified specific molecular mechanisms by which these exposures modify human physiology to induce or promote cancer. The increasingly refined knowledge of these mechanisms, which we summarize here,

Radiation-Induced Oral Mucositis.

Radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) is a major dose-limiting toxicity in head and neck cancer patients. It is a normal tissue injury caused by radiation/radiotherapy (RT), which has marked adverse effects on patient quality of life and cancer therapy continuity. It is a challenge for radiation oncologists since it leads to cancer therapy interruption, poor local tumor control, and changes in dose fractionation. RIOM occurs in 100% of altered fractionation radiotherapy head and neck cancer patients. In the United Sates, its economic cost was estimated to reach 17,000.00 USD per patient with

Pharmacological treatment options for mast cell activation disease.

Mast cell activation disease (MCAD) is a term referring to a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by aberrant release of variable subsets of mast cell (MC) mediators together with accumulation of either morphologically altered and immunohistochemically identifiable mutated MCs due to MC proliferation (systemic mastocytosis [SM] and MC leukemia [MCL]) or morphologically ordinary MCs due to decreased apoptosis (MC activation syndrome [MCAS] and well-differentiated SM). Clinical signs and symptoms in MCAD vary depending on disease subtype and result from excessive mediator release by MC

Implications of Systemic Inflammation and Periodontitis for Major Depression.

Increasing evidence suggests that infection and persistent low-grade inflammation in peripheral tissues are important pathogenic factors in major depression. Major depression is frequently comorbid with systemic inflammatory diseases/conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, allergies of different types, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic liver disease, diabetes, and cancer, in which pro-inflammatory cytokines are overexpressed. A number of animal studies demonstrate that systemic inflammation induced by peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharid

Multifunctional Actions of Ninjinyoeito, a Japanese Kampo Medicine: Accumulated Scientific Evidence Based on Experiments With Cells and Animal Models, and Clinical Studies.

Herbal medicines are currently employed for the treatment of several types of diseases, and also employed for the improvement of Quality of Life (QOL) of patients over the world, in particular, in Asian countries. In Japan, a Japanese herbal medicine namely kampo medicine has been prescribed for the improvement of QOL of patients. Ninjinyoeito (NYT), composed of 12 herbal plants, is one of kampo medicines and used for helping recovery of diseases and improving several symptoms that suffer patients such as anemia, anorexia and fatigue. Recent scientific research approaches to kampo medicines wi

Comprehensive Review of Methodology to Detect Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Mammalian Species and Establish Its Relationship with Antioxidants and Cancer.

Evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate tissue homeostasis, cellular signaling, differentiation, and survival. ROS and antioxidants exert both beneficial and harmful effects on cancer. ROS at different concentrations exhibit different functions. This creates necessity to understand the relation between ROS, antioxidants, and cancer, and methods for detection of ROS. This review highlights various sources and types of ROS, their tumorigenic and tumor prevention effects; types of antioxidants, their tumorigenic and tumor prevention effects; and abnormal ROS detoxification in

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… The family of vitamin E includes highly lipophilic molecules of tocotrienols and tocopherols which exert AO activity attributed to their capability to join biological membranes and protect against LP [ 114 ]. … Vitamin E (α-tocopherol) is recognized for its antitumor potential [ 161 ], but advent of beta-carotene to increase cancer incidence questioned the efficacy of vitamin E in cancer. …

Analysis of different therapeutic protocols for osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with oral and intravenous bisphosphonates.

INTRODUCTION: Chemotherapy-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw caused by bisphosphonates is an exposure of necrotic bone with more than eight weeks of evolution that is attributable to bisphosphonates and no prior radiation therapy. Its etiopathogenesis remains unknown, although there are two hypotheses that may explain it: the drug's mechanism of action, and the risk factors that can lead to osteonecrosis. There is a wide range of treatment options for managing chemotherapy-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw, from conservative treatments to surgical procedures of varying levels of invasivene

Oral toxicity produced by chemotherapy: A systematic review.

IntroductionAntineoplastic chemotherapy remains one of the most widely used management strategies in cancer, either alone or in combination with other types of treatment. The main inconvenience of chemotherapy is its lack of selectivity, since it acts upon both tumor cells and rapidly multiplying normal cells such as bone marrow cells, hair follicle cells and oral and gastrointestinal mucosal cells.Material and methodAn exhaustive search was made of the main oral toxic effects of chemotherapy in the PubMed-Medline, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases. A total of 1293 articles were identified

Exploiting Nanomedicine for Cancer Polychemotherapy: Recent Advances and Clinical Applications.

The most important limitations of chemotherapeutic agents are severe side effects and the development of multi-drug resistance. Recently, the clinical successes achieved with immunotherapy have revolutionized the treatment of several advanced-stage malignancies, but most patients do not respond and many of them develop immune-related adverse events. Loading synergistic combinations of different anti-tumor drugs in nanocarriers may enhance their efficacy and reduce life-threatening toxicities. Thereafter, nanomedicines may synergize with pharmacological, immunological, and physical combined tre

Vincristine-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Genetic Variation as a Potential Risk Factor.

Vincristine (VCR) is the first-line chemotherapeutic medication often co-administered with other drugs to treat childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Dose-dependent neurotoxicity is the main factor restricting VCR's clinical application. VCR-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) sometimes results in dose reduction or omission, leading to clinical complications or affecting the patient's quality of life. With regard to the genetic basis of drug responses, preemptive pharmacogenomic testing and simultaneous blood level monitoring could be helpful for the transformation of various findings into

Therapeutic Potential of Chlorogenic Acid in Chemoresistance and Chemoprotection in Cancer Treatment.

Chemotherapeutic drugs are indispensable in cancer treatment, but their effectiveness is often lessened because of non-selective toxicity to healthy tissues, which triggers inflammatory pathways that are harmful to vital organs. In addition, tumors' resistance to drugs causes failures in treatment. Chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid, CGA), found in plants and vegetables, is promising in anticancer mechanisms. In vitro and animal studies have indicated that CGA can overcome resistance to conventional chemotherapeutics and alleviate chemotherapy-induced toxicity by scavenging free radicals

The Burden of Cancer, Government Strategic Policies, and Challenges in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Review.

Cancer is a severe condition characterized by uncontrolled cell division and increasing reported mortality and diagnostic cases. In 2040, an estimated 28.4 million cancer cases are expected to happen globally. In 2020, an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases (18.1 million excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) had been diagnosed worldwide, with around 10.0 million cancer deaths. Breast cancer cases have increased by 2.26 million, lung cancer by 2.21 million, stomach by 1.089 million, liver by 0.96 million, and colon cancer by 1.93 million. Cancer is becoming more prevalent in Pakistan, with 19

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… The large-scale (α-Tocopherol and β-carotene) cancer prevention studies and carotene and retinol effectiveness trial intervention studies found that anyone who gained early plasma or potency layers of carotenoid had a lower risk of developing lung cancer ( 73 , 74 ). … Tocopherols in cancer: an update . Mol Nutr Food Res. ( 2016 ) 60 : 1354 – 63 . 10.1002/mnfr.201500847 26751721 PMC4899293 74. Eggersdorfer M Wyss A . Carotenoids in human nutrition and health . Arch Biochem Biophys. ( 2018 ) 652 : 18 – 26 . 10.1016/j.abb.2018.06.001 29885291 75. …

Micronutrient Status and Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, at the same time being one of the most prevalent causes of women's death. Many factors such as alcohol, weight fluctuations, or hormonal replacement therapy can potentially contribute to breast cancer development and progression. Another important factor in breast cancer onset includes micronutrient status. In this narrative review, we analyzed 23 micronutrients and their possible influence on breast cancer onset and progression. Further, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of micronutrient status on the prevention of b