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Tinnitus: presence and future.

Tinnitus has many forms; it can be caused by sounds generated in the body (objective tinnitus) that reaches the ear through conduction in body tissue, but much more common is the tinnitus that occurs without any physical sound reaching the ear. Such tinnitus (subjective tinnitus) is a phantom sensation, where abnormal neural activity is generated in the ear, the auditory nerve, or the central nervous system. There are many forms of subjective tinnitus and it can occur with different severity. Subjective tinnitus often occurs in connection with hearing loss such as may occur after exposure to l

Effects of Short-Term 5-MeO-DiPT Exposure on the Brain Metabolome of Zebrafish (Danio rerio).

5-MeO-DiPT (5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine) has been preliminarily reported to exhibit short-term hallucinogenic effects on humans. How … ino acid metabolism and lipid peroxidation reactions, causing a series of damages to the organism's neural conduction, immune response, and energy metabolism. Its potential carcinogenic risk and the mechanism of inducing metabolic syndrome deserve attention. Filling the theoretical gap in the research of the metabolic mechanism of this drug provides a reference bas …

Liver-nervous system axis: pathways, dysregulation, and translational perspectives.

The liver and the nervous system form a dynamic bidirectional regulatory network through the liver-nervous system axis, which is crucial for maintaining metabolic homeostasis, immune balance, and the integrity of neural function in the body. However, the specific regulatory pathways between the liver and the nervous system, as well as their mechanisms in the development and progression of diseases, remain incompletely understood. Moreover, the dynamic regulatory mechanisms of the blood-brain barrier in the transport of liver metabolites are yet to be elucidated. Therefore, we have integrated t

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy: Role of nitric oxide.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most prevalent long-term complications in type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM) diabetes mellitus and is characterized by structural (microangiopathy, axonal atrophy, impaired myelination, and disrupted Schwann cell-axon interactions) and functional (impaired axonal transport and sensory and motor disorders) changes in neurons. Nitric oxide (NO) contributes to the development and progression of DPN as it has a role in the perfusion and electrophysiological functions of neurons. NO is essential for sustaining nerve conduction velocity (NCV) through m

Electrically conductive and anti-inflammatory nerve conduits based on chitosan/hydroxyethyl cellulose hydrogel for enhanced peripheral nerve regeneration.

Nerve guiding catheters (NGCs) are crucial for peripheral nerve repair, providing physical guidance and establishing a conducive microenvironment to nerve regeneration. In this study, we developed a bifunctional CS-HEC@PEDOT/SIM (CHPS) hydrogel-filled electrospun poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL) conduit. The hydrogel matrix was fabricated using chitosan (CS) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) as the base materials, which exhibited excellent biocompatibility and degradability. Conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was synthesized in situ within the matrix to establish stable e

Энергометаболический баланс олигодендроцитов в многоразовом склерозе: механизмы, сетевое сцепление и достижения в метаболических-трапезах.

Олигодендроциты (ОИ) — клетки центральной нервной системы (КНС), образующие миелин, — являются основными объектами аутоиммунной атаки при множественном склерозе (МС), что приводит к демиелинации и поврежденному нейронному введению. Недавние исследования свидетельствуют о том, что у пациентов с MS белые вещества увеличивают аэробный гликолиз наряду с сокращением потребления кислорода - метаболическое несоответствие между использованием глюкозы и потреблением кислорода, которое коррелирует с накоплением инвалида. Дисрегламентированный метаболизм энергии также является центральным механизмом, огр

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Oligodendrocytes (OLs), the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system (CNS), are principal targets of autoimmune attack in multiple sclerosis (MS), resulting in demyelination and impaired neural conduction. Recent studies indicate that white matter in patients with MS exhibits increased aerobic glycolysis alongside reduced oxygen consumption-a metab…

The cardiac autonomic nervous system: an introduction.

In recent decades, numerous anatomical and physiological studies of the cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) have investigated the complex relationships between the brain and the heart. Autonomic activation not only alters heart rate, conduction, and hemodynamics, but also cellular and subcellular properties of individual myocytes. Moreover, the cardiac ANS plays an essential role in cardiac arrhythmogenesis. There is mounting evidence that neural modulation either by ablation or stimulation can effectively control a wide spectrum of cardiac arrhythmias. This article discusses anatomic aspec

Partial high frequency nerve block decreases neuropathic signaling following chronic sciatic nerve constriction injury.

Objective.High frequency (HF) block can quickly and reversibly stop nerve conduction. We hypothesized HF block at the sciatic nerve would minimize nociception by preventing neuropathic signals from reaching the central nervous system.Approach.Lewis rats were implanted with a constriction cuff and a distal cuff electrode around their right sciatic nerve. Tactile sensitivity was evaluated using the 50% paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) determined using Chaplan's method for von Frey monofilaments. Over the course of 49 d, the 50% PWT was measured (1) before HF block, (2) during HF block (50 kHz, 3Vp

Prognostic Value and Changes of Auditory Brain Stem Response in Children With Bacterial Meningitis in Luanda, Angola.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of single and repeated auditory brain stem response (ABR) in predicting mortality and severe neurological inju … th higher mortality or severe neurological sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed the effect of BM on neural conduction time in auditory pathway. However, ABR in similar settings seems not useful for individual prognostication, although at the group level, delayed latencies, IPLs, or both associated with poorer outcome.

Salidroside promotes peripheral nerve regeneration based on tissue engineering strategy using Schwann cells and PLGA: in vitro and in vivo.

Salidriside (SDS), a phenylpropanoid glycoside derived from Rhodiola rosea L, has been shown to be neuroprotective in many studies, which may be promising in nerve recovery. In this study, the neuroprotective effects of SDS on engineered nerve constructed by Schwann cells (SCs) and Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) were studied in vitro. We further investigated the effect of combinational therapy of SDS and PLGA/SCs based tissue engineering on peripheral nerve regeneration based on the rat model of nerve injury by sciatic transection. The results showed that SDS dramatically enhanced the p

[Histological study on sciatic nerve repair at different angles in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the effect of sciatic nerve repair at different angles on the neural regeneration in rats. METHODS: Seventy-two male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into groups A, B, C, and D with 18 rats in each group. The right sciatic nerve was transected at 30, 45, 60, and 90 degrees in groups A, B, C, and D, respectively, and then was repaired. The morphologic assessment of nerve regeneration was performed by gross observation, the wet weight recovery rate of gastrocnemius, histological and ultrastructural observations at 1, 2, and 3 months after operation. RESULTS: Thre

The Markham-Stouffville hospital experience with malleovestibulopexy.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the hearing results of malleovestibulopexy (MVP) technique in the special situations encountered in revision stapedotomies and congenital middle ear malformations. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Tertiary referral stapes surgery center, community hospital. METHODS: Audiometric results of 1369 stapedotomies performed in Markham-Stouffville Hospital during a period from 1991 to 2006 were reviewed. The results of 24 MVP procedures employed for revision stapedotomy or for congenital conductive hearing loss were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Air-bone gap (A

Experimental study of the morphological and electromyographic characteristics of the most frequent iatrogenic lesions of the recurrent laryngeal nerves in thyroid surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Iatrogenic lesions of the recurrent laryngeal nerves remain one of the most severe and frequent complications in thyroid surgery. According to Eisele (Laryngoscope 1996;106:443) their incidence varies between 1% and 12% depending on the size of surgery. AIM: The aim of the study was to examine experimentally the type of neural lesion and the efficiency of stimulation electromyography for immediate evaluation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve function in the most common surgical traumas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten clinically healthy and parasite-free male dogs of mixed breed weigh

Effect of long-term implanted nerve cuff electrodes on the electrophysiological properties of human sensory nerves.

During a long-term implantation (307 days) of a tripolar split cuff electrode around the palmar digital nerve to the radial side of the left index finger, branching off the median nerve in a medullary lesioned C6 patient, the physiological state of the nerve was intensively monitored. The resulting sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude was recorded, using both near-nerve electrodes and the implanted cuff electrode. The SNAP amplitude declined within 10 days to approximately 50% of the first SNAP cuff amplitude measured on Day 2 after implantation and recovered to the initial amplitud

Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of brainstem distortion associated with a supratentorial mass.

Quantitative measurements of brainstem distortion and neural dysfunction were obtained in 25 cases of chronic subdural haematoma. The horizontal and rotational brainstem displacements were measured on axial and coronal MRI in all patients pre-operatively, and brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAERs) were obtained in 11 cases. Logarithmic relationships were noted on both horizontal and rotational displacements of the brainstem and cerebrum. The type of shift changed in the rostro-caudal direction. In the axial plane, the cerebral hemisphere shifts and rotates, the midbrain shifts laterally w

Central functional changes after facial-spinal-accessory anastomosis in man and facial-hypoglossal anastomosis in the cat.

A left facial-spinal-accessory anastomosis was performed for peripheral facial paralysis in an 8-year-old boy. By the fourth postoperative year, the corneal reflex showed a normal latency, and left arm and face movements could be executed independently. The possibility of neural plasticity playing a role in establishing new central relationships which enable the achievement of a "normal" latency corneal reflex and independent face and arm movements is discussed. The latency of the corneal reflex recorded as electrical response of the orbicularis oculi muscle to electrical stimulation of the ip

The heart's 'little brain' controlling cardiac function in the rabbit.

What is the topic of this review? The topic of the review is the intrinsic cardiac nervous system in the rabbit. What advances does it highlight? The anatomy of rabbit intrinsic ganglia is similar to that of other species, including humans. Immunohistochemistry confirms the presence of cholinergic and adrenergic neurones, with a striking arrangement of neuronal nitric oxide synthase-positive cell bodies. Activation of atrial ganglia produces effects on local and remote regions. Heart disease is a primary cause of mortality in the developed world, and it is well recognized that neural mechanism

Mechanically robust and breathable ultrathin nanofiber/hydrogel composite electronic skin for continuous electrophysiological signal acquisition.

Flexible bioelectronic devices are crucial for continuous, non-invasive health monitoring, yet achieving ultrathin structures while maintaining mechanical stability and signal fidelity remains challenging. Herein, an ultrathin fiber-reinforced hydrogel electronic skin (CFPIG) with a thickness of ~5.3 μm is developed by embedding polyurethane (PU) nanofibers into a hydrogel matrix combined with a freeze-thaw/UV dual-crosslinking strategy. This synergistic design significantly enhances crystallinity and mechanical performance, achieving a tear strength of 1.3 kJ·m-2, toughness of ~621 kJ·m-3, an

The SHEDs-derived apoptotic bodies for inflammatory regulation in spinal cord repair.

Neuroinflammation is a key therapeutic target for spinal cord injury (SCI). Apoptotic bodies (ABs) derived from mesenchymal stem cells may modulate early inflammation, promoting SCI repair. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), with neural crest origins, are promising for neurological therapies, but their ABs' role in SCI remains unclear. In this study, as exploratory research, we aimed to investigate the preliminary effects and mechanisms of SHEDs-derived ABs on the treatment of SCI. Herein, SHEDs-derived ABs enhanced functional recovery in SCI mice, improving BMS scores,

Synchronization of visual perception within the human fovea.

The human brain constructs a model of the world by processing sensory signals with distinct temporal characteristics that may differ in generation and transmission speed within a single sensory modality. To perceive simultaneous events as occurring at the same time, the brain must synchronize this sensory information, yet the mechanisms underlying such synchronization remain unclear. By combining human neural recordings, behavioral measurements and modeling, we show that in the human visual system, this process begins in the fovea centralis, the retinal region used for reading and recognizing