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Safety of antipsychotics in people with intellectual disability.

BACKGROUND: Despite frequent use, little is known about the metabolic and endocrine side-effects of antipsychotics in individuals with intellectual disability. AIMS: To compare indices of obesity, glucose, lipids and prolactin between antipsychotic-treated and antipsychotic-naive individuals with intellectual disability and also between participants with intellectual disability and controls from the general population. METHOD: Observational study comparing 138 antipsychotic-treated and 64 antipsychotic-naive participants with intellectual disability in one National Health Service trust with

The Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS), along with ten other Italian Scientific Societies, guidelines on the diagnosis and management of erectile dysfunction.

PURPOSE: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most prevalent male sexual dysfunctions. ED has been in the past mistakenly considered a purely psycho-sexological symptom by patients and doctors. However, an ever-growing body of evidence supporting the role of several organic factors in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying ED has been recognized. METHODS: The Italian Society of Andrology and Sexual Medicine (SIAMS) commissioned an expert task force involving several other National Societies to provide an updated guideline on the diagnosis and management of ED. Derived recommendations

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… Hyperprolactinemia may represent a rare risk factor of ED [ 83 , 84 ]. Severe hyperprolactinemia (prolactin, PRL > 35 ng/ml) is associated with ED mainly through an indirect mechanism that depends on the reduction of T levels [ 83 , 84 ]. … Evidence Although hyperprolactinemia represents quite a rare cause of ED, severe hyperprolactinemia (> 35 ng/ml) is quite often associated with ED and reduced libido, independently from the cause of the problem [ 84 ]. …

Psychometric properties of the Iranian version of modified polycystic ovary syndrome health-related quality-of-life questionnaire.

STUDY QUESTION: Can the modified polycystic ovary syndrome health-related quality-of-life questionnaire (MPCOSQ) be validated in Iranian pat … a: 15-40 years of age; married; not having non-classic adrenal hyperplasia, thyroid dysfunction and hyperprolactinemia; Iranian; not having problems in speaking or listening; having two of the following Rotterdam diagnostic criteria: (i) polycystic ovaries visualized on ultrasound scan (presence of 12 follicles or more in one or both ovaries and/or increased ovarian …

Long-term control of a MEN1 prolactin secreting pituitary carcinoma after temozolomide treatment.

We report here a rare case of a young male patient presenting with a Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 - prolactin-secreting pituitary carcinoma, controlled long-term after temozolomide withdrawal. Initial presentation was pituitary apoplexy leading to surgery. Dopamine agonists and radiotherapy allowed control of prolactin secretion and pituitary remnant. Metastasis appeared 10 years after initial presentation, leading to the diagnosis of pituitary carcinoma. At that time, dopamine agonists were no more effective; temozolomide, an oral alkylating agent, was administered for 24 cycles, and a

Elevated serum prolactin or elevated prolactin/cortisol ratio are associated with autoimmune processes in systemic lupus erythematosus and other connective tissue diseases.

OBJECTIVE: . We investigated whether serum prolactin (Prl) alone or an increased Prl/cortisol ratio correlated with the autoimmune processes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other connective tissue diseases (CTD). METHODS: Serum Prl, cortisol, cytokines, and autoantibodies were measured in 29 patients with SLE and 29 patients with other CTD by ELISA. The patients were clinically assessed. RESULTS: Serum Prl was elevated in both SLE (p < 0.05) and other CTD (p < 0.01). Some patients with SLE had reduced serum cortisol levels. In SLE only, the Prl and cortisol levels were correlated (

Anxiety in the Medically Ill: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

BackgroundAlthough anxiety is highly represented in the medically ill and its occurrence has relevant clinical implications, it often remains undetected and not properly treated. This systematic review aimed to report on anxiety, either symptom or disorder, in patients who suffer from a medical illness.MethodsEnglish-language papers reporting on anxiety in medically ill adults were evaluated. PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched from inception to June 2021. Search term was "anxiety" combined using the Boolean "AND" operator with "medically ill/c

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… Twenty-five percent of women with hyperprolactinemia had severe anxiety compared to 19% in the control group (Reavley et al., 1997 * ). … Patients with amenorrhea and hyperprolactinemia reported significantly more anxious symptoms than patients with amenorrhea (Fava et al., 1981 * ; Kellner et al., 1984 * ). …

Bone mineral density, prolactin, estradiol, testosterone levels and related research in male chronic patients with schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that often requires long-term oral administration of antipsychotic medication. Long-ter … nmol/L; p > 0.05). Based on serum PRL concentrations, the patient group was further divided into a hyperprolactinemia subgroup and a normoprolactinemia subgroup. PRL levels differed significantly across these two subgroups and the control group (p < 0.01). BMD values were 102.5 ± 25.7 mg/cm³ in the hyperprolactinemic subgroup, 114.9 ± 26.9 mg/cm³ in the normoprolac …

[Effects of bariatric surgery on sex hormones in male patients with obesity].

Objective: To analyze and evaluate the differences in sex hormones after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery (LRYGB) and laparosco … fter surgery. The exclusion criteria included (1) patients with endocrine diseases (thyrotoxicosis, hyperprolactinemia) and hypothalamic-pituitary lesions and (2) those with severe major organ dysfunction who could not tolerate anesthesia or surgery. According to the above criteria, the clinical data of male patients with obesity admitted to the Gastrointestinal Sur …

Risk factors for recurrent implantation failure as defined by the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology.

STUDY QUESTION: What are the unrecognized risk factors for recurrent implantation failure (RIF) as defined in the ESHRE recommendation? SUM … ormation, submucosal myoma, polycystic ovary syndrome, thyroid dysfunction, rheumatic diseases, and hyperprolactinemia, to be associated with implantation failure. In addition, our clinical experience suggests AMH and a history of previous livebirth affect RIF. It remains unclear which of these factors are the best predictors of RIF. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: A …

Axis-specific analysis and predictors of endocrine recovery and deficits for non-functioning pituitary adenomas undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery.

PURPOSE: Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS) is a well-established treatment for patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs). Data on the rates of pituitary dysfunction and recovery in a large cohort of NFPA patients undergoing ETSS and the predictors of endocrine function before and after ETSS are scarce. This study is purposed to analyze the comprehensive changes in hormonal function and identify factors that predict recovery or worsening of hormonal axes following ETSS for NFPA. METHODS: A retrospective review of 601 consecutive patients who underwent ETSS between 2010 an

Comprehensive Diagnosis and Management of POEMS Syndrome.

Polyneuropathy Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal protein and Skin changes syndrome is a rare multisystem condition with a range of manifestations which are often overlooked as trivial comorbidities, until their whole triggers the possibility of the diagnosis. The diagnosis is typically delayed by 12-16 months, by which time patients can be severely disabled. There are no established consensus guidelines. We provide clinicians a comprehensive blueprint for managing POEMS from diagnostic suspicion through the work-up, selection of therapy, follow-up, and treatment of relapse based on publ

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… The presentation of endocrine abnormalities is variable, including: (1) excess of hormonal production (hyperprolactinemia, increase of IGF-1, hyperparathyroidism) 34 ; (2) primary or secondary insufficiency (hypogonadism, adrenal insufficiency, hypothyroidism and hypoparathyroidism); and (3) abnormal … glucose metabolism (type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance). 35 The most common endocrine abnormality is hypogonadism, followed by hyperprolactinemia, hypothyroidism, abnormal glucose metabolism, adrenal insufficiency, and high IGF-1 levels 1. 34 – 36 The prevalence of endocrinopathy …

ESICON 2017 Abstracts

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… Clinically non significant hyperprolactinemia incidence was 30% in acute phase which was recovered in 70% cases over 6 months. So regular screening of anterior pituitary hormones is required to detect new onset dysfunction and to avoid unnecessary treatment. …

Challenges in Treating Cancer Patients With Unstable Psychiatric Disorder.

In this review, we first present a case of chronic myeloid leukemia with acute psychosis, and then we will discuss the incidence of cancer in patients with psychotic disorders, the manifestations of new-onset psychosis, and the prevalence of preexisting psychosis in cancer patients, coupled with their impact on the treatment, diagnosis, and prognosis of cancer. This was a case that presented with acute psychosis and was found to have an elevated white blood cell count upon admission to an inpatient psychiatric unit. He was diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia and successfully managed with i

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… Some researchers have suggested that hyperprolactinemia, a side effect associated with neuroleptic drug therapy, might lead to an increased incidence of breast cancer [ 5 ]. … It is believed that hyperprolactinemia-inducing antipsychotic medications can further progress pre-existing precancerous breast lesions [ 46 ]. However, many studies have shown that these medications do not increase the risk of breast cancer [ 47 ]. …

Active and total transforming growth factor-β1 are differentially regulated by dopamine and estradiol in the pituitary.

Dopamine, acting through the dopamine type 2 receptor (Drd2), is the main inhibitor of pituitary prolactin (PRL) secretion and lactotroph proliferation. TGF-β1 is involved, at least in part, in mediating these actions. It was described that TGF-β1 synthesis in rat pituitary lactotrophs is up-regulated by dopamine and down-regulated by estradiol. TGF-β1 is secreted as a large latent complex. The local regulation of cytokine activation in the pituitary has not yet been explored. In this work, we studied pituitary active and total TGF-β1 content, as well as TGF-β1 mRNA, and the in vivo role of do

Mechanisms underlying the diminished sensitivity to prolactin negative feedback during lactation: reduced STAT5 signaling and up-regulation of cytokine-inducible SH2 domain-containing protein (CIS) expression in tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons.

Hyperprolactinaemia during lactation is a consequence of the sucking stimulus and in part due to reduced prolactin (PRL) negative feedback. To date, the mechanisms involved in this diminished sensitivity to PRL feedback are unknown but may involve changes in PRL signal transduction within tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons. Therefore, we investigated signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 5 signaling in the TIDA neurons of lactating rats. Dual-label confocal immunofluorescence studies were used to determine the intracellular distribution of STAT5 within TIDA neur

[Experience at a branch center of the National HIV Protease Inhibitor Registry].

In the present study we show our experience as one of the Centers (center 006) of the Italian Index of Protease Inhibitors (PI). In this multicentric, observational study we studied HIV-positive naive patients for antiretroviral therapy with protease inhibitors. From 8/1/97 to 31/1/98 in our department 64 patients were enrolled and followed up through an electronic medical sheet in order to evaluate efficacy, tolerability, toxicity and compliance of treatment with PI. Our results show a reduction in AIDS-related mortality and a decrease in AIDS defining diseases: in particular data show an inc

National guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in Slovakia.

BACKGROUND: Osteoporosis is a chronic, systemic skeletal disease characterized by decreased bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration, leading to increased fracture risk. In Slovakia, its prevalence is estimated at 6%, with substantial health, social, and economic burdens. OBJECTIVE: The Slovak national guideline provides an overview for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of osteoporosis in Slovakia, reflecting recent scientific advances and recommendations from international bodies. METHODS: The guidelines were developed by a multidisciplinary expert panel and officially adopted

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… The most common causes of secondary osteoporosis include the following: - Osteoporosis with hormone deficiency: sex hormone and growth hormone deficiency - Osteoporosis due to an excess of hormones: hypercortisolism, hyperthyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, hyperparathyroidism, and acromegaly - Osteoporosis … immobility • Smoking • Alcohol consumption (≥ 3 units per day) • Tendency to falls • Malnutrition or low body weight (BMI ≤ 19 kg/m 2 ) Endocrine disorders | • Premature ovarian failure • Hypogonadal conditions • Panhypopituitarism • Anorexia nervosa and bulimia • Turner and Klinefelter syndrome • Hyperprolactinemia …

Legal access to medications: a threat to Brazil's public health system?

BackgroundIn Brazil, health is fundamental human right guaranteed by the Constitution of 1988, which created the Brazilian Universal Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS). The SUS provides medications for outpatient care via policy of pharmaceutical assistance (PA) programmes. Despite the advances in PA policies which include the improvement in access to medications, there has been a significant increase in lawsuits related to health products and services. This study aimed to characterize the medication processes filed between 2010 and 2014 against the Secretary of State for Health of S

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… anaemia Hereditary ichthyosis Psoriasis Asthma Hirsutism Psoriatic arthritis Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia HIV disease resulting in other diseases Pulmonary arterial hypertension Autoimmune hepatitis Hyperphosphatemia in chronic renal failure Reactive arthritis Bone marrow or pancreas transplantation Hyperprolactinemia … ichthyosis | Psoriasis Asthma | Hirsutism | Psoriatic arthritis Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia | HIV disease resulting in other diseases | Pulmonary arterial hypertension Autoimmune hepatitis | Hyperphosphatemia in chronic renal failure | Reactive arthritis Bone marrow or pancreas transplantation | Hyperprolactinemia …

Paraneoplastic Endocrine Changes in Gastrointestinal Tumors: A Clinical and Mechanistic Review.

Paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes (PESs) are hormonal disturbances associated with malignancies that result from tumor-related production of hormone-like substances, immune-mediated mechanisms, or dysregulated signaling pathways. While they are well recognized in lung and neuroendocrine cancers, their relevance in gastrointestinal tumors remains less clearly defined. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on paraneoplastic endocrine manifestations in gastrointestinal malignancies, based on a structured search of the literature in major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web

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… Although most cases of hyperprolactinemia are associated with pituitary adenomas, it can occasionally result from ectopic prolactin production by gastrointestinal malignancies, especially neuroendocrine tumors. Patients may present with galactorrhea, amenorrhea, and hypogonadism [ 5 , 71 ]. … Colorectal Carcinoma, Esophageal SCC IGF-2 | Hypoglycemia | HCC, Gastric GIST GHRH | Acromegaly | Pancreatic NET, Colonic Carcinoma hCG | Gynecomastia | HCC, Gastric Carcinoma Estrogen-like | Gynecomastia/Feminization | HCC, Gastric Carcinoma TSH-like | Hyperthyroidism | Gastric Carcinoma, HCC Prolactin | Hyperprolactinemia …

The Impact of Educational Interventions on Osteoporosis Knowledge among Korean Osteoporosis Patients.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of an educational intervention that includes information sharing about absolute fracture risk on the knowledge of osteoporosis and modifiable risk factors among Korean patients with osteoporosis. METHODS: Adults aged >50 years who visited the outpatient clinic for osteoporosis were recruited. Subjects with trauma-related fractures or pathological fractures were excluded. The anthropometric data and clinical risk factors for fracture were collected at baseline. The participants completed the survey questionnaire that measured th

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… Other causes of secondary osteoporosis included drugs such as anticonvulsants, anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin and heparin), aromatase inhibitors, and a suppressive dose of thyroid hormone; thyrotoxicosis; hyperparathyroidism; hyperprolactinemia; hypopituitarism; Cushing's syndrome; hypogonadism; premature …