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Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH).

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a type of communicating hydrocephalus also known as non-obstructive hydroceph … reviews. The search strategy was adapted for other databases, using the most appropriate controlled vocabulary for each. We did not apply any language or time restrictions. The searches were performed in August 2014. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of ETV treatment of iNPH. Patients had to have at least two symptoms of th …

The prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical aspects of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and provide recommendations on its prevention. OPTIONS: Prev … earches of Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from 2011 to 2013 using appropriate controlled vocabulary ([OHSS] ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and: agonist IVF, antagonist IVF, metformin, HCG, gonadotropin, coasting, freeze all, agonist trigger, progesterone) and key words (ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, ovarian stimulation, gonadotropin, human …

Chronic hip pain in a boy with mental retardation and cerebral palsy.

Jonny is a 13 year old boy with spastic quadriparesis and severe mental retardation following Haemophilus influenza type B (HIB) meningitis … s pediatrician, Jonny is friendly, smiling, and verbalizing a few words with his limited expressive vocabulary. He is resistant to a hip examination and grimaces with manipulation of his left hip. Spasticity of the left leg appears increased compared to previous examinations. He has nonpitting edema of his lower legs and feet, a cryptorchid left testicle, an …

Evaluating a Targeted Language Intervention for Children Aged 4-6 Years-Applying an 'Information Carrying Words' Approach.

BACKGROUND: Very little research has investigated the use of the information carrying words (ICW) construct within language interventions, d … ntion) and group (those who received LEAP vs. the control) for the RAPT grammar score, and the LEAP vocabulary and expressive ICW score. LEAP had less of an impact for a sub-cohort followed up 8 weeks following the intervention, with only the LEAP expressive score showing significant interaction between the three assessment time points and group (those who r …

Prenatal screening for and diagnosis of aneuploidy in twin pregnancies.

OBJECTIVE: To provide a Canadian consensus document with recommendations on prenatal screening for and diagnosis of fetal aneuploidy (e.g., … English and French language articles published between 1985 and 2010, using appropriate controlled vocabulary and key words (aneuploidy, Down syndrome, trisomy, prenatal screening, genetic health risk, genetic health surveillance, prenatal diagnosis, twin gestation). Results were restricted to systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and relevant o …

Guidelines for the management of vasa previa.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the etiology of vasa previa and the risk factors and associated condition, to identify the various clinical presenta … rough searches of PubMed or Medline, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library, using appropriate controlled vocabulary (e.g., selected epidemiological studies comparing delivery by Caesarean section with vaginal delivery; studies comparing outcomes when vasa previa is diagnosed antenatally vs. intrapartum) and key words (e.g., vasa previa). Results were restricted t …

Research on the impact of generative AI interaction modes on the improvement of school-age children's early reading ability and college students' auxiliary intervention.

BACKGROUND: Against the backdrop of digital empowerment, generative artificial intelligence has been widely applied in school-age children's … vention group achieved significantly higher composite early reading scores, phonological awareness, vocabulary comprehension accuracy, reading attention duration and reading interest scores than the AI-only reading group (p < 0.05). The main effects of group, time and the group-time interaction were all highly statistically significant (p < 0.01), with an ef …

A 'He Awa Whiria' approach: integrating Māori knowledge and cultural values into audiological research and hearing health services.

Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand, Māori, are often excluded and underserved by hearing health services that often neglect their cu … rumpet of Ngongo; kūmara: wweet potato; Kura Kaupapa: Māori language immersion schools; kupu: word, vocabulary; manaakitanga: the process of showing respect, generosity and care for others; Māori: Indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand; marae: a significant Māori community complex of buildings; mātauranga Māori: Indigenous Māori knowledge; Ngā Rauru: an i …

Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) for the detection of dementia within community dwelling populations.

BACKGROUND: Various tools exist for initial assessment of possible dementia with no consensus on the optimal assessment method. Instruments … IF (Birmingham University). We used sensitive search terms based on MeSH terms and other controlled vocabulary. SELECTION CRITERIA: We selected those studies performed in community settings that used (not necessarily exclusively) the IQCODE to assess for presence of dementia and, where dementia diagnosis was confirmed with clinical assessment. Our intention …

Redox metabolism abnormalities in autistic children associated with mitochondrial disease.

Research studies have uncovered several metabolic abnormalities associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including mitochondrial dise … also measured. Language was measured using the preschool language scale or the expressive one-word vocabulary test (depending on the age), adaptive behaviour was measured using the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS) and core autism symptoms were measured using the Autism Symptoms Questionnaire and the Social Responsiveness Scale. Children with ASD/MD w …

Combined inhaled beta-agonist and anticholinergic agents for emergency management in adults with asthma.

BACKGROUND: Inhaled short-acting anticholinergics (SAAC) and short-acting beta₂-agonists (SABA) are effective therapies for adult patients w … ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global and evidence-based medicine (EBM) databases using controlled vocabulary, natural language terms, and a variety of specific and general terms for inhaled SAAC and SABA drugs. The search spanned from 1946 to July 2015. The Cochrane Airways Group provided search results from the Cochrane Airways Group Register of Trials wh …

Blood pressure lowering efficacy of beta-1 selective beta blockers for primary hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Beta blockers are commonly used to treat hypertension. The blood pressure reading is the primary tool for physicians and patient … the Hypertension Group Specialised Register and ClinicalTrials.gov using the appropriate controlled vocabulary as applicable. Full strategies are in Appendix 1. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel or cross-over trials. Studies had to contain a beta blocker monotherapy arm with fixed dose. People enrolled into the studie …

Umbilical Cord Blood: Counselling, Collection, and Banking.

OBJECTIVE: To review current evidence regarding umbilical cord blood counselling, collection, and banking and to provide guidelines for Cana … hrough searches of Medline and PubMed beginning in September 2013 using appropriate controlled MeSH vocabulary (fetal blood, pregnancy, transplantation, ethics) and key words (umbilical cord blood, banking, collection, pregnancy, transplantation, ethics, public, private). Results were restricted to systematic reviews, randomized control trials/controlled cli …

Medical history predicts phenome-wide disease onset and enables the rapid response to emerging health threats.

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed a global deficiency of systematic, data-driven guidance to identify high-risk individuals. Here, we illustrate the utility of routinely recorded medical history to predict the risk for 1741 diseases across clinical specialties and support the rapid response to emerging health threats such as COVID-19. We developed a neural network to learn from health records of 502,489 UK Biobank participants. Importantly, we observed discriminative improvements over basic demographic predictors for 1546 (88.8%) endpoints. After transferring the unmodified risk models to the All

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… Before further analysis, we mapped all health records to the OMOP vocabulary. … Specifically, we used mapping tables provided by the UK Biobank, the OHDSI community, and SNOMED International to map concepts from the provider and country-specific non-standard vocabularies to OMOP standard vocabularies. …

Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain in adults and children.

BACKGROUND: Regional anaesthesia may reduce the rate of persistent postoperative pain (PPP), a frequent and debilitating condition. This review was originally published in 2012 and updated in 2017. OBJECTIVES: To compare local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for the prevention of PPP beyond three months in adults and children undergoing elective surgery. SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and Embase to December 2016 without any language restriction. We used a combination of free text search and controlled vocabulary search. We limited results to…

Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) for the diagnosis of dementia within community dwelling populations.

BACKGROUND: Various tools exist for initial assessment of possible dementia with no consensus on the optimal assessment method. Instruments … IF (Birmingham University). We used sensitive search terms based on MeSH terms and other controlled vocabulary. SELECTION CRITERIA: We selected those studies performed in community settings that used (not necessarily exclusively) the IQCODE to assess for presence of dementia and, where dementia diagnosis was confirmed, with clinical assessment. Our intentio …

Elective single embryo transfer following in vitro fertilization.

OBJECTIVE: To review the effect of elective single embryo transfer (eSET) compared with double embryo transfer (DET) following in vitro fert … through searches of PubMed, Medline, and The Cochrane Library in 2009, using appropriate controlled vocabulary (e.g., elective single embryo transfer) and key words (e.g., embryo transfer, in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, assisted reproductive technologies, blastocyst, and multiple pregnancy). Results were restricted to English langu …

Self-managed, computerised speech and language therapy for patients with chronic aphasia post-stroke compared with usual care or attention control (Big CACTUS): a multicentre, single-blinded, randomised controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Post-stroke aphasia might improve over many years with speech and language therapy; however speech and language therapy is often … not result in an improvement in conversation. Future studies should explore ways to generalise new vocabulary to conversation for patients with chronic aphasia post-stroke. FUNDING: National Institute for Health Research, Tavistock Trust for Aphasia.

Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain in adults and children.

BACKGROUND: Regional anaesthesia may reduce the rate of persistent postoperative pain (PPP), a frequent and debilitating condition. This review was originally published in 2012 and updated in 2017. OBJECTIVES: To compare local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for the prevention of PPP beyond three months in adults and children undergoing elective surgery. SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and Embase to December 2016 without any language restriction. We used a combination of free text search and controlled vocabulary search. We limited results to…

The prevention of early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal disease.

OBJECTIVE: To review the evidence in the literature and to provide recommendations on the management of pregnant women in labour for the pre … DLINE, CINAHL, and The Cochrane Library from January 1980 to July 2012 using appropriate controlled vocabulary and key words (group B streptococcus, antibiotic therapy, infection, prevention). Results were restricted to systematic reviews, randomized control trials/controlled clinical trials, and observational studies. There were no date or language restrict …