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Developmental and post-injury cortical gliogenesis: a genetic fate-mapping study with Nestin-CreER mice.

The primary sources of cortical gliogenesis, either during development or after adult brain injury, remain uncertain. We previously generated Nestin-CreER mice to fate-map the progeny of radial glial cells (RG), a source of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the nervous system. Here, we show that Nestin-CreER mice label another population of glial progenitors, namely the perinatal subventricular zone (SVZ) glioblasts, if they are crossed with stop-floxed EGFP mice and receive tamoxifen in late embryogenesis (E16-E18). Quantification showed E18 tamoxifen-induction labeled more perinatal SVZ gli

Gynecomastia and breast pain induced by adjuvant therapy with bicalutamide after radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate cancer: the role of tamoxifen and radiotherapy.

PURPOSE: We investigated the role of tamoxifen and radiotherapy (RT) for the prevention and treatment of gynecomastia and breast pain during adjuvant bicalutamide monotherapy after radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients with prostate cancer. Also, we evaluated their effects on patient hormonal status, quality of life (QOL), sexual function and prostate specific antigen relapse-free survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a multicenter prospective trial. From January 2002 to February 2004, 102 patients who had undergone RP for localized or locally advanced prostate cancer were recruited and

Obesity and risk of recurrence or death after adjuvant endocrine therapy with letrozole or tamoxifen in the breast international group 1-98 trial.

PURPOSE: To examine the association of baseline body mass index (BMI) with the risk of recurrence or death in postmenopausal women with early-stage breast cancer receiving adjuvant tamoxifen or letrozole in the Breast International Group (BIG) 1-98 trial at 8.7 years of median follow-up. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This report analyzes 4,760 patients with breast cancer randomly assigned to 5 years of monotherapy with letrozole or tamoxifen in the BIG 1-98 trial with available information on BMI at randomization. Multivariable Cox modeling assessed the association of BMI with disease-free survival,

MR evaluation of retroperitoneal fibrosis.

PURPOSE: Retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF) is a rare fibrosing process. The relation of contrast enhancement within the fibrosis and the psoas muscle was suggested for the evaluation of disease activity and response to treatment, but no standardized method for the quantification of the disease activity is currently available. We introduce an MR parameter for the evaluation of RPF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 29 patients with untreated idiopathic RPF were examined before medical therapy and after three months of treatment. MR analyses included quotients of T 1 and T 2-signal intensities between the RP

Post-CDK4/6 Inhibitor Therapeutic Approaches in Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer: Current Evidence and Emerging Strategies-A Narrative Review.

Background: Therapeutic resistance following cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) plus endocrine therapy (ET) represents a key unmet need in hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Treatment paradigms have advanced from non-targeted options, such as fulvestrant monotherapy or everolimus-based combinations, to precision medicine strategies, including inhibitors of the PI3K/AKT pathway, oral selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs), and novel ER-modulating agents, often guided by biomarkers and molec

The management of uterine leiomyomas.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this guideline is to provide clinicians with an understanding of the pathophysiology, prevalence, and clinical significance of myomata and the best evidence available on treatment modalities. OPTIONS: The areas of clinical practice considered in formulating this guideline were assessment, medical treatments, conservative treatments of myolysis, selective uterine artery occlusion, and surgical alternatives including myomectomy and hysterectomy. The risk-to-benefit ratio must be examined individually by the woman and her health care provider. OUTCOMES: Implementation of

Atypical adenoid cystic carcinoma of the palate during pregnancy: a case report.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the palate is a malignant salivary gland neoplasm typically characterized by perineural invasion, recurrent MYB-NFIB fusion, and an indolent clinical course. We report an atypical case of palatal ACC arising during pregnancy that exhibited rapid progression, upregulated estrogen receptor (ER) expression, and atypical histopathology. ACC most frequently involves the parotid and palatal glands and is histologically stratified into cribriform, tubular, and solid subtypes, with solid pattern carrying the poorest prognosis. The tumor is characteristically indolent

Revealing the impact of Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing molecule 2'-aminoacetophenone on human bronchial-airway epithelium and pulmonary endothelium using a human airway-on-a-chip.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) causes severe respiratory infections utilizing multiple virulence functions. Our previous findings on PA quorum sensing (QS)-regulated small molecule, 2'-aminoacetophenone (2-AA), secreted by the bacteria in infected tissues, revealed its effect on immune and metabolic functions favouring a long-term presence of PA in the host. However, studies on 2-AA's specific effects on bronchial-airway epithelium and pulmonary endothelium remain elusive. To evaluate 2AA's spatiotemporal changes in the human airway, considering endothelial cells as the first point of contact whe

Fu-Zheng-Li-Fei Recipe (FZLFR) in the treatment of cancer cachexia: Exploration of the efficacy and molecular mechanism based on chemical characterization, experimental research and network pharmacology.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: FZLFR was derived from a classic traditional Chinese medicine recipe, the Shiquan-Dabu decoction. FZLFR is commonly used in clinical practice to address muscle loss and associated cancer cachexia. However, the mechanism of by which FZLFR acts in cancer cachexia remains unclear. AIM: This study aimed to assess the effects and explore the potential mechanism of action of FZLFR in treating cancer cachexia. METHODS: Cancer cachexia was induced by inoculating Lewis lung carcinoma cells into the right flank of male C57BL/6 mice. The efficacy of FZLFR was evaluated b

Dehydroepiandrosterone protects against oleic acid-triggered mitochondrial dysfunction to relieve oxidative stress and inflammation via activation of the AMPK-Nrf2 axis by targeting GPR30 in hepatocytes.

Fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome (FLHS) seriously threatens the health and performance of laying hens, and the occurrence and development of FLHS are closely related to oxidative damage and inflammation; thus, diets supplemental with activated substances to relive the oxidative stress and inflammation maybe effectively control the occurrences of FLHS. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) has beneficial effects in fat-reduction, anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation, and it was widely applied to alleviate multiple metabolic-related diseases; however, there are few reports on whether DHEA can prevent aga

Sex hormones impact early maturation and immune response in the arteriovenous fistula mouse model.

Arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) fail to mature more frequently in female patients compared with male patients, leading to inferior outcomes and decreased utilization. Since our mouse AVF model recapitulates sex differences in human AVF maturation, we hypothesized that sex hormones mediate these differences during AVF maturation. C57BL/6 mice (9-11 wk) were treated with aortocaval AVF surgery and/or gonadectomy. AVF hemodynamics were measured via ultrasound (days 0-21). Blood was collected for FACS and tissue for immunofluorescence and ELISA (days 3 and 7); wall thickness was assessed by histology

Diabetes Mellitus and the Benefit of Antiresorptive Therapy on Fracture Risk.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with increased risk of fractures. However, it is unclear whether current osteoporosis treatments reduce fractures in individuals with diabetes. The aim of the study was to determine whether presence of T2D influences the efficacy of antiresorptive treatment for osteoporosis using the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH)-American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR)-Study to Advance Bone Mineral Density (BMD) as a Regulatory Endpoint (SABRE) cohort, which includes individual patient data from randomized trials of osteoporosis thera

Rodent Leydig cell tumorigenesis: a review of the physiology, pathology, mechanisms, and relevance to humans.

Leydig cells (LCs) are the cells of the testis that have as their primary function the production of testosterone. LCs are a common target of compounds tested in rodent carcinogenicity bioassays. The number of reviews on Leydig cell tumors (LCTs) has increased in recent years because of its common occurrence in rodent bioassays and the importance in assessing the relevance of this tumor type to humans. To date, there have been no comprehensive reviews to identify all the compounds that have been shown to induce LCTs in rodents or has any review systematically evaluated the epidemiology data to

Active Peyronie's disease as an early antifibrotic treatment window: a translational review.

INTRODUCTION: Peyronie's disease (PD) is an acquired fibrotic disorder of the tunica albuginea that can cause pain, curvature, deformity, erectile dysfunction, and substantial psychosexual burden. Management is usually guided by disease phase, yet active disease remains inconsistently defined, and no oral regimen has shown high-certainty disease-modifying efficacy. We synthesize clinical, mechanistic, guideline, outcome-measure, traction, and public-data evidence relevant to active or progressive PD as a target for early antifibrotic trials. METHODS: We conducted a targeted narrative translat

Regulatory network and spatial modeling reveal cooperative mechanisms of resistance and immune escape in ER+ breast cancer.

Despite significant progress, the treatment of estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer remains clinically challenging due to reversible drug resistance and immune evasion. Drug resistance often arises as cells undergo a dynamic epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), while elevated PD-L1 levels contribute to immune escape. While these phenotypic features can variably co-occur, the impact of co-occurrence on the availability of synergistic treatment strategies remains unknown. To investigate their interplay, we constructed an ER-EMT-PD-L1 gene regulatory network and simulated these n

The effects of endometrial injury on endometrial receptivity in recurrent implantation failure.

Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) represents a major challenge in assisted reproduction and is frequently associated with impaired endometrial receptivity and alterations in the local endometrial microenvironment. Endometrial injury induced by Pipelle biopsy has been proposed as a potential approach associated with modulation of receptivity; however, the underlying biological mechanisms remain incompletely understood. In this prospective exploratory study, endometrial samples were obtained from 19 women with RIF on cycle days 19-21 before and after Pipelle biopsy-induced injury and were com

Potent bisphosphonate therapy for preventing fractures after denosumab discontinuation in osteoporosis: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Denosumab cessation causes rebound bone turnover, fast bone loss, and an elevated risk of vertebral fractures. Pooled data about the fracture prevention efficacy of potent bisphosphonates (BPs) as sequential therapy have been lacking to counteract this risk. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from the beginning through May 1, 2026. Included studies comprised adults with osteopo

Repurposing Tamoxifen as Potential Host-Directed Therapeutic for Tuberculosis.

The global burden of tuberculosis (TB) is aggravated by the continuously increasing emergence of drug resistance, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic options. The concept of host-directed therapy (HDT) as adjunctive to classical antibacterial therapy with antibiotics represents a novel and promising approach for treating TB. Here, we have focused on repurposing the clinically used anticancer drug tamoxifen, which was identified as a molecule with strong host-directed activity against intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Using a primary human macrophage Mtb infection mod

Risk factors for new vertebral compression fracture after kyphoplasty and efficacy of osteoporosis treatment: A STROBE-compliant retrospective study.

Kyphoplasty (KP) has been widely used to treat vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). However, the issue of new VCFs after KP remains controversial. Identification of risk factors for new VCF after KP may help prevent their occurrence in patients. This study aimed to retrospectively determine the major risk factors for new VCF after KP, including those associated with osteoporosis drugs used after kyphoplasty. We reviewed 117 patients who underwent single-level KP. During the follow-up period of 1 year after KP, the demographic data of these patients were compared by dividing them into two gr

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… However, the group treated with zoledronate after KP showed a lower frequency of new VCFs than the groups treated with alendronate ( P = .07), calcium ( P = .05), and selective estrogen receptor modulators ( P = .15). … Fx = fracture, KP = kyphoplasty, SERM = selective estrogen receptor modulator. …

Radiation Therapy Versus No Radiation Therapy to the Neo-breast Following Skin-Sparing Mastectomy and Immediate Autologous Free Flap Reconstruction for Breast Cancer: Patient-Reported and Surgical Outcomes at 1 Year-A Mastectomy Reconstruction Outcomes Consortium (MROC) Substudy.

PURPOSE: To determine whether adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) is associated with adverse patient-reported outcomes and surgical complications 1 year after skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate autologous free flap reconstruction for breast cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We compared 24 domains of patient-reported outcome measures 1 year after autologous reconstruction between patients who received adjuvant RT and those who did not. A total of 125 patients who underwent surgery between 2012 and 2015 at our institution were included from the Mastectomy Reconstruction Outcomes Consortium study da