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Hippocampal neurochemical pathology in patients with panic disorder.

OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we measured hippocampal N-acetyl-l-aspartate (NAA), choline (CHO) and creatine (CRE) values in patients with panic disorder and healthy control subjects using in vivo(1)H MRS. METHODS: We scanned 20 patients meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) criteria for panic disorder and 20 matched healthy controls with a 1.5 Tesla GE Signa Imaging System and measured of NAA, CHO, and CRE in hippocampal regions. RESULTS: When NAA, CHO and CRE values were compared between groups, statistically significant lower levels for all ones were

Endotracheal tube cuff leak with mysterious laryngotracheal pathology.

A 63 year-old obese man with gastroesophageal reflux disease, hiatal hernia, and no known history of airway pathology was to undergo a total knee arthroplasty. After intubation, however, repeated cuff leaks, decreasing tidal volumes, and desaturations prompted five additional endotracheal tube placements. Findings on radiography, computed tomography, and fiberoptic laryngoscopy and tracheoscopy were equivocal. Factors contributing to this challenge of persistent and repeated cuff leaks in the absence of known airway pathology could include various laryngotracheal abnormalities.

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… Conclusion: OSNA assay showed similar specificity and higher sensitivity than standard pathologic examination. … Review of Pathology and chart review was conducted for each case. Results: Of 2,441 patients (2,667 allografts), 34 cases of PTLD were identified, with pathology review possible in 33 cases. …

Molecular pathology and genetics of pancreatic endocrine tumours.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PETs) are the second most frequent pancreatic neoplasms. Their poor chemosensitivity, high rate of metast … cently, large-scale mutational analysis have highlighted commonly altered molecular pathways in the pathology of PETs. The roles of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, and its connection with Src kinases, and the activity of a number of tyrosine kinase receptors seem to be pivotal, as confirmed by the results of recent clinical trials with targeted a …

[Tonsillar pathology. The current state of the problem].

The objective of the present study was to substantiate the indications for the surgical and medicamental treatment of chronic tonsillitis based on the results of evaluation of the function of palatine tonsils under normal and pathological conditions. Special attention is given to various aspects of pathogenesis of recurring diseases of the upper respiratory tract elucidated from the changes of local immune responses of mucous membranes to persistent viral infection involving lymphocytes of the palatine tonsils. A method for the rehabilitation of the patients presenting with chronic tonsillitis

Ocular toxoplasmosis II: clinical features, pathology and management.

The term, ocular toxoplasmosis, refers to eye disease related to infection with the parasite, Toxoplasma gondii. Recurrent posterior uveitis is the typical form of this disease, characterized by unilateral, necrotizing retinitis with secondary choroiditis, occurring adjacent to a pigmented retinochoroidal scar and associated with retinal vasculitis and vitritis. Multiple atypical presentations are also described, and severe inflammation is observed in immunocompromised patients. Histopathological correlations demonstrate focal coagulative retinal necrosis, and early in the course of the diseas

Pathology of primary and metastatic mucinous ovarian neoplasms.

Recent years have seen a dramatic change in the pathological approach to ovarian mucinous neoplasms. A substantial proportion of tumours pre … in are unilaterality, large size >12 cm, smooth external surface and association with other ovarian pathology. An admixture of benign, borderline and malignant patterns in the same tumour favour primary origin, but can be misleading as a 'maturation' pattern in metastases can result in the same appearance.

Pathology, pathogenesis and molecular genetics of follicular NHL.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a germinal centre-derived indolent B-cell lymphoma representing the second most common Non Hodgkin lymphoma in the Western world. This chapter focuses on the pathology of FL and summarizes the current knowledge about genetic and molecular features that are relevant for the pathogenesis of this neoplasm. The translocation t(14;18) is present in approximately 90% of FL leading to the upregulation of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2, that may constitute a promising molecular target for therapeutic approaches. FL lacking the t(14;18) also exist, and B-cells carrying the …

Differential diagnosis of cerebral hemispheric pathology: multimodal approach.

This article gives a comprehensive review and illustrations of the imaging features of various pathological conditions and clinical syndromes associated with cerebral hemispheric involvement. The various conditions are described and defined to provide a basis for the differential diagnostics. The hypotheses relating to the pathology of the various syndromes are discussed with special emphasis on excitotoxic mechanisms for explaining the subsequent cerebral hemiatrophy.

Personality pathology in purging disorder and bulimia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE: To compare levels of personality pathology in women with purging disorder (PD), bulimia nervosa (BN), and controls and to compare women with PD and BN on associations between personality pathology and shared eating disorder features. METHOD: Women with BN (n = 73), PD (n = 48), and controls (n = 64) completed interviews and self-report questionnaires. RESULTS: BN and PD were associated with significantly greater personality pathology compared to controls. Cluster C symptoms and trait anxiety were greater in BN compared to PD, but groups did not differ on Cluster B symptoms or impu…

Pathology of synovial lipomatosis and its clinical significance.

BACKGROUND: Synovial lipomatosis is a rare disorder of the synovium, commonly affecting the knee joint, resulting in joint pain, swelling, and effusion. The etiology of this condition still remains unclear. AIM: This was a study done to evaluate the disease process in synovial lipomatosis, with respect to the clinical parameters and pathological features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case files of synovial lipomatosis diagnosed on histopathology between 2007 and 2009 were perused, to study the case history, and tissue sections were reviewed for the histomorphological changes. RESULTS: Eight cases…

Children's views of communication and speech-language pathology.

Children have the right to express their views and influence decisions in matters that affect them. Yet decisions regarding speech-language pathology are often made on their behalf, and research into the perspectives of children who receive speech-language pathology intervention is currently limited. This paper reports a qualitative study which explored experiences of communication and of speech-language pathology from the perspectives of children with speech, language, and communication needs (SLCN). The aim was to explore their perspectives of communication, communication impairment, and ass…

Molecular pathology of MELAS and L-arginine effects.

BACKGROUND: The pathogenic mechanism of stroke-like episodes seen in mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-lik … irement when they establish the phenotype. Mitochondrial angiopathy demonstrated by muscle or brain pathology, as SSV (SDH strongly stained vessels), and by vascular physiology using FMD (flow mediated dilation). MELAS patients show decreased capacity of NO dependent vasodilation because of the low plasma levels of l-arginine and/or of respiratory chain dys …

Pathology and molecular diagnosis of paratuberculosis of camels.

Camels are the prime source of meat and milk in many desert regions of the world including Saudi Arabia. Paratuberculosis of camels, locally called Silag, is a serious and invariably fatal disease in the Arabian camel. Six camels were used in this study. Five camels with clinical paratuberculosis were used to study the pathology of the disease and confirm its aetiology. The sixth camel was clinically healthy and used as a control. The camels were examined clinically and bled for haematological and blood chemistry analysis. They were then humanely killed with a high intravenous dose of thiopent…

Diagnostic accuracy of endometrial curettage in endometrial pathology.

BACKGROUND: Abnormal uterine bleeding is one of the most frequent problems in life of an adult female. Uterine curettage or biopsy remains a preferred sampling procedure for diagnosis of the endometrial pathology. The objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of endometrial curettage. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This validation study was carried out at the Department of Histopathology, Army Medical College Rawalpindi in collaboration with Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from January to December 2010. The study included 50 curettage and…

[Heart transplantation. Pathology, clinical work-up and therapy].

Since the first heart transplantation in 1967, the procedure has become an established therapy in the treatment of terminal heart failure. Constant advances in the development of potent immunosuppressive drugs, as well as greater clinical experience and pathological diagnostics have improved patient survival dramatically. The first grading system for rejection was published in 1990 by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) and revised in 2004. The 2004 grading system comprises three grades of severity (1R, 2R, 3R), whereby the former grade 2 in the 1990 system has