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An ELISA using a recombinant chimera of protective antigen and lethal factor for serodiagnosis of cutaneous anthrax in India.

In this study, an ELISA was developed for simultaneous detection of antibodies against both the important toxins of B. anthracis i.e. protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor (LF). A chimera of PA and LF was made by fusion and cloned and expressed in E. coli. The purified recombinant protein was used in plate ELISA for serodiagnosis of anthrax. The chimera could detect antibodies against both the toxins of Bacillus anthracis. The human serum samples (n = 98) collected from anthrax endemic and non-endemic areas were tested employing ELISA. The ELISA gave sensitivity of 100% (95% Confidence Int…

Synthesis, in vitro and in vivo giardicidal activity of nitrothiazole-NSAID chimeras displaying broad antiprotozoal spectrum.

We designed and synthesized five new 5-nitrothiazole-NSAID chimeras as analogues of nitazoxanide, using a DCC-activated amidation. Compounds 1-5 were tested in vitro against a panel of five protozoa: 2 amitochondriates (Giardia intestinalis, Trichomonas vaginalis) and 3 kinetoplastids (Leishmania mexicana, Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi). All chimeras showed broad spectrum and potent antiprotozoal activities, with IC50 values ranging from the low micromolar to nanomolar order. Compounds 1-5 were even more active than metronidazole and nitazoxanide, two marketed first-line drugs a…

Generation of lymph node-fat pad chimeras for the study of lymph node stromal cell origin.

The stroma is a key component of the lymph node structure and function. However, little is known about its origin, exact cellular compositio … on the lymphoid stroma potential of adipose tissue, we present a method using a lymph node/fat pad chimera that allows the lineage tracing of lymph node stromal cell precursors. We show how to isolate newborn lymph nodes and EYFP(+) embryonic adipose tissue and make a LN/ EYFP(+) fat pad chimera. After transfer under the kidney capsule of a host mouse, t …

Experimental study of early olfactory neuron differentiation and nerve formation using quail-chick chimeras.

For the formation of a functional olfactory system, the key processes are neuronal differentiation, including the expression of one or the other olfactory receptors, the correct formation of the nerve and organization of periphero-central connections. These processes take place during embryonic development starting from early stages. Consequently, avian embryos afford an attractive model to study these mechanisms. Taking advantage of species-specific equipment of olfactory receptors genes in different bird species, interspecific avian chimeras were set up by grafting early chick olfactory plac…

Строительство желтой лихорадки/ст. Вирус химерика Луиса и использование чимерас в качестве диагностического инструмента.

Св. Флавивирусы Луиса энцефалита (SLE) и Западного Нила (WN) генетически тесно связаны между собой и сокрушаются в Соединенных Штатах. Тесты на нейтрализацию вирусов обеспечивают наиболее конкретные средства для серодиагностики инфекций с помощью этих вирусов. Однако использование вирусных штаммов диких типов SLE и WN для лабораторных испытаний ограничивается требованиями в отношении биоустойчивости. Мы построили два сильно смягченных желтых химерас вируса лихорадки (YF), в которых содержатся белковые гены премембрана-энвелопе (prM-E) из вирулентной MSI-7 (изоляции в Соединенных Штатах) или ес

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) and West Nile (WN) flaviviruses are genetically closely related and cocirculate in the United States. Virus neu … ed by the biocontainment requirements. We constructed two highly attenuated yellow fever (YF) virus chimeras that contain the premembrane-envelope (prM-E) protein genes from the virulent MSI-7 (isolated in the United States) or the naturally attenuated CorAn9124 (Argentina) SLE strains. The YF/SLE (CorAn version) virus and the previously constructed YF/WN …

Human skin/SCID mouse chimeras as an in vivo model for human cutaneous mast cell hyperplasia.

Human skin xenografted to mice with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID) was evaluated to determine the integrity and fate of human dermal mast cells. There was an approximately 3-fold increase in number of dermal mast cells by 3 mo after engraftment (p < 0.05). These cells were responsive to conventional mast cell secretagogues and were confirmed to be of human origin by ultrastructural characterization of granule substructure and by reactivity for the human mast cell proteinase, chymase. CD1a+ Langerhans cells, also bone marrow-derived cells, failed to show evidence of concomitan

Long-term xenogeneic chimeras. Full differentiation of rat T and B cells in SCID mice.

To test whether T and B cell differentiation can proceed across species barriers, rat fetal liver (FL) cells were used to reconstitute SCID mice. Provided that the hosts were conditioned with light irradiation, i.v. injection of FL cells caused near-complete repopulation with rat-derived lymphohematopoietic cells, including myeloid and erythroid cells, Ia+ cells of the macrophage/dendritic cell lineages, and mature T and B cells. In keeping with the known hypersensitivity of SCID cells to irradiation, host hematopoietic cells in the chimeras were almost undetectable, even with hosts exposed to…

Characterization of virus-specific cytotoxic T cell clones from allogeneic bone marrow chimeras.

We established several H-2-restricted lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-specific cytotoxic T cell clones from spleens of virus-primed C57BL/6 or C57BL/10 (H-2b) and B10.BR (H-2k) mice and from allogeneic C57BL/10----B10.BR and B10.BR----C57BL/10 bone marrow chimeras. Two T cell clones of H-2b origin and restricted to H-2b, 3 of H-2k origin and restricted to H-2k were compared with two clones each derived from the two types of chimeras. Their surface phenotype was found to be Lyt-2+, L3/T4- and KJ16-133+ (2 of 9). Clones from chimeras expressed bone marrow donor H-2 and are restricted t…

A colorimetric DNA chimera biosensor based on bivalent split aptamers and G-quadruplex DNAzyme to detect norfloxacin in seafood.

Norfloxacin (NOR) residue in animal-derived food poses a significant concern due to its role in fostering bacterial resistance and potential human health risks, necessitating rapid and sensitive detection methods. In this study, a colorimetric DNA chimera biosensor was developed by integrating a bivalent split aptamer pair with G-quadruplex DNAzyme for highly sensitive NOR detection. Molecular docking studies were performed to identify the key binding regions, facilitating aptamer truncation and splitting. The bivalent strategy markedly enhanced binding affinity. The presence of NOR guides the…

A bifunctional aptamer-siRNA chimera targeting ACE2 for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirus entry and replication.

The relentless evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the emergence of immune-evasive variants unders … irus entry into host cells. To achieve a synergistic antiviral effect, we engineer an aptamer-siRNA chimera (AsiC) by conjugating AA2 to a short interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the GFP coding region of the pseudovirus genome. This AsiC construct significantly represses viral replication compared to aptamer or siRNA treatment alone, validating a dual mec …

A bio-orthogonally engineered probiotic-T cell chimera amplifies adoptive cell therapy through spatial DC-T cell immune licensing.

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) has achieved durable clinical responses in hematological malignancies, yet remains limited in solid tumors owing to poor T cell infiltration, inadequate persistence, and tumor-driven immunosuppression. Here, we report a bio-orthogonally engineered probiotic-T cell chimera (T-FOLactis) that creates a mutually reinforcing cellular-microbial system, in which FOLactis, an engineered Lactococcus lactis expressing a Flt3L-OX40L fusion protein, provides localized immunostimulatory cues to enhance T cell activation and effector function, while adoptively transferred T cell…

Development of an Efficient Bifunctional Endoxylanase/Feruloyl Esterase Chimera for Coproduction of Ferulic Acid, p-Coumaric Acid, and Xylooligosaccharides.

Bifunctional endoxylanases/feruloyl esterases that can efficiently produce hydroxycinnamic acids and xylooligosaccharides from agricultural residues are highly desirable but underexplored. Here, we report the development of a bifunctional chimera, XynB-SnT-FaeB, which shares low sequence identity (<23%) with its homologues and contains a novel linker peptide. It can hydrolyze model hydroxycinnamate esters and xylans. Due to interdomain synergism, its feruloyl esterase and endoxylanase catalytic efficiencies (kcat/Km) toward feruloylated arabinoxylan were 2.95 and 1.60 times those of FaeB and X…

Chimera RNA transcribed from integrated HPV18 genome with adjacent host genomic region promotes oncogenic gene expression through condensate formation.

Most cervical cancers are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In HeLa cells, the HPV18 viral genome is integrated at chromosome … racterized transcript from the upstream region of CCAT1, named URC. The URC RNA is transcribed as a chimera RNA with HPV18 and is composed of the 3'-untranslated region of the HPV18 transcript. We experimentally showed that the URC contributes to stabilization of HPV18 RNAs by supplying a polyadenylation site for the HPV18 transcript. Our findings suggest …

Case report: Molecular analysis of a 47,XY,+21/46,XX chimera using SNP microarray and review of literature.

Chimerism is a very rare genetic finding in human. Most reported cases have a chi 46,XX/46,XY karyotype. Only three non-twin cases carrying … ived and meiosis I nondisjunction likely occurred during spermatogenesis. The mechanisms underlying chimera in our case was likely fertilization two spermatozoa, one with an ovum and the other with the second polar body.

Structural characterization of a cross-protective natural chimera of factor H binding protein from meningococcal serogroup B strain NL096.

Invasive meningococcal disease can cause fatal sepsis and meningitis and is a global health threat. Factor H binding protein (fHbp) is a pro … of cross-protective activity. Here, we report the crystal structure of a natural fHbp cross-variant chimera, named variant1-2,3.x expressed by the MenB clinical isolate NL096, at 1.2 Å resolution, the highest resolution of any fHbp structure reported to date. We combined biochemical, site-directed mutagenesis and computational biophysics studies to deeply …

Renadirsen, a Novel 2'OMeRNA/ENA® Chimera Antisense Oligonucleotide, Induces Robust Exon 45 Skipping for Dystrophin In Vivo.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive muscle-wasting disease caused by out-of-frame or nonsense mutation in the dystrophin gene … rmacokinetics, and tissue distribution) of renadirsen, a novel AO modified with 2'-O-methyl RNA/ENA chimera phosphorothioate designed for dystrophin exon 45 skipping and currently under clinical trials. Notably, systemic delivery of renadirsen sodium promoted dystrophin exon skipping in cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, and diaphragm, compared with AOs wit …

Evaluation of the Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy of an Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli CFA/I Adhesin-Heat-Labile Toxin Chimera.

Recent efforts to develop an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccine have focused on the antigenically conserved tip adhesins of colonization factors. We showed previously that intranasal immunization with dsc19CfaE, a soluble variant of the in cis donor strand-complemented tip adhesin of a colonization factor of the class 5 family (CFA/I) fimbria, is highly immunogenic and protects against oral challenge with CFA/I-positive (CFA/I+) ETEC strain H10407 in the Aotus nancymaae nonhuman primate. We also reported a cholera toxin (CT)-like chimera (called dsc19CfaE-CTA2/CTB) in which the CT…

Development of an FHbp-CTB holotoxin-like chimera and the elicitation of bactericidal antibodies against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis.

The Neisseria meningitidis factor H binding protein (FHbp) is an important virulence factor and vaccine antigen contained in both USA licensed serogroup B meningococcal vaccines. Recent studies in human factor H (hFH) transgenic mice suggest that hFH-FHbp interactions lower FHbp-elicited immunogenicity. To provide tools with which to characterize and potentially improve FHbp immunogenicity, we developed an FHbp-cholera holotoxin-like chimera vaccine expression system in Escherichia coli that utilizes cholera toxin B (CTB) as both a scaffold and adjuvant for FHbp. We developed FHbp-CTB chimeras…