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Molecular evidence-based use of bone resorption-targeted therapy in prostate cancer patients at high risk for bone involvement.

BackgroundTo improve median survival of patients with prostate cancer that has metastasized to bone, we need to better understand the early events of the metastatic process in skeleton and develop molecular tools capable of detecting the early tumor cell dissemination into bones (micrometastasis stage). However, the initial phase of tumor cell dissemination into the bone marrow is promptly followed by the migration of tumor cells into bone matrix, which is a crucial step that signals the transformation of micrometastasis to macrometastasis stage and clinically evident metastasis. The migration

The Advent of Molecular Targeted Therapies Against Cancer. Toward Multi-Targeting Drugs Through Materials Engineering: A Possible Future Scenario.

The authors, actively engaged in the development of mesoporous silica-based solutions, initially for modified drug release, later for the smart administration of conventional chemotherapeutic cytotoxic drugs, present the evolution of the concept of targeted therapy across different disciplines. They also discuss the diverse therapeutic needs and related challenges (adverse drug effects) that have unfolded over the last 30 years. Nanomedicine potentialities, mainly against cancers, that have emerged globally during the intense research activity of the last few decades, are critically discussed.

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Relevant advancements, on the other side, will concern the therapeutic solutions characterized by molecular targeted therapies (MTT) and possible joint solutions among them and immunology. … Scheme 1 Graphical representation of the imaginary molecular multi‐targeting nanodevice (MMTN) as a possible future scenario in the field of molecular targeted therapy (MTT). …

On the way to targeted therapy of mast cell neoplasms: identification of molecular targets in neoplastic mast cells and evaluation of arising treatment concepts.

Several emerging treatment concepts for myeloid neoplasms are based on novel drugs targeting cell surface antigens, signalling pathways, or critical effector molecules. Systemic mastocytosis is a haematopoietic neoplasm that behaves as an indolent myeloproliferative disease in most patients, but can also present as aggressive disease or even as an acute leukaemia. In patients with aggressive disease or mast cell leukaemia, the response to conventional therapy is poor in most cases, and the prognosis is grave. Therefore, a number of attempts have been made to define novel treatment strategies f

Novel Systemic Treatment Modalities Including Immunotherapy and Molecular Targeted Therapy for Recurrent and Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are the sixth most common cancers worldwide. More than half of patients with HNSCC eventually experience disease recurrence and/or metastasis, which can threaten their long-term survival. HNSCCs located in the oral cavity and larynx are usually associated with tobacco and/or alcohol use, whereas human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly HPV16 infection, is increasingly recognized as a cause of oropharyngeal HNSCC. Despite clinical, histologic, and molecular differences between HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCCs, current treatment appro

Therapeutic Advances in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutations: From Molecular Biology to Targeted Therapy.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion (ex20ins) mutations are the third most common EGFR mutation subtype in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounting for approximately 4-12% of all EGFR-mutated cases. Unlike classical EGFR mutations, ex20ins mutations confer inherent resistance to first-, second- and third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) due to unique structural alterations that lock the αC-helix in an active orientation, creating steric hindrance within the drug-binding pocket. Until recently, platinum-based chemotherapy remained the standard first-

Whole-exome sequencing reveals potential molecular predictors of relapse after discontinuation of the targeted therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia patients.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease well treated by tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The aim was to identify genes with a predictive value for relapse-free survival after TKI cessation in CML patients. We performed whole-exome sequencing of DNA from six CML patients in long-lasting deep molecular remission. Patients were divided into two groups with relapse (n = 3) and without relapse (n = 3) after TKI discontinuation. We found variants in genes CYP1B1, ALPK2, and IRF1 in group of patients with relapse and one variant in gene PARP9 in group of patients without rela

Pyroptosis: Novel Targets in Molecular Mechanisms and Drug Therapy Research for Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury.

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is a significant complication of reperfusion therapy and a primary cause of mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The pathogenic mechanism involved in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is intricate, and effective preventive and therapeutic strategies remain limited in clinical practice. Recently, pyroptosis has emerged as a novel regulatory form of cell death and has attracted widespread attention as a key focus in the study of disease mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Studies indicate a close association between pyroptosis and th

Strategic driving of the cancer-immunity cycle in HCC: roles of immune, molecular-targeted, and locoregional therapies.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment has entered the immunotherapy era, characterized by multiple systemic and locoregional therapeutic options. Understanding how each modality modulates the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is essential to optimize treatment strategies. The cancer-immunity cycle provides a conceptual basis for antitumor immunity, consisting of a priming phase involving antigen release and T-cell activation, and an effector phase characterized by cytotoxic T-cell-mediated tumor elimination. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combinations play a central role in HCC

Contemporary Multimodal Management of Cutaneous Malignancies: Surgery, Radiotherapy, Systemic Therapy, Molecular Targeting and Immunotherapy.

BACKGROUND: The therapeutic management of cutaneous malignancies-cutaneous melanoma, cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma (cSCC), basal-cell carcinoma (BCC) and Merkel-cell carcinoma (MCC)-has shifted toward multimodal, stage-adapted treatment integrating surgery, radiotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibition. METHODS: We conducted a structured narrative review with a structured literature search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science (January 2015-6 September 2026), prioritising current clinical practice guidelines, randomised controlled trials and phase II-I

Therapeutic advances in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A focus on molecular pathogenesis, targeted therapies, and supportive care.

PURPOSE: This article concisely evaluates current targeted therapies that have received regulatory approval for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Mechanisms of molecular pathogenesis and their therapeutic implications, current and novel targeted therapies, and supportive care are discussed. SUMMARY: CLL is a common lymphoproliferative neoplasm of mature but immunologically incompetent B cells in older adults. Over the past 2 decades, robust research has shown that CLL pathogenesis is a multistep process that includes, but is not limited to, (1) clonal selection, expansion, and transformatio

Structural and kinetic profiling of Leishmania braziliensis trypanothione reductase: A molecular model for the development of targeted therapies.

This study explores the recombinant protein expression, purification, and characterization of Leishmania braziliensis Trypanothione Reductase (LbTR), an essential enzyme implicated in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Using E. coli as the host organism, the synthetic gene encoding LbTR was successfully expressed and subsequently purified using Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC) yielding 20 mg/L of highly pure LbTR, verified by SDS-PAGE and isoelectric focusing. Comprehensive biochemical analyses were conducted to determine the recombinant enzyme's kinetic properties and structural feature

Role of miR-24 in Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1: A Potential Target for Molecular Therapy.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited multiple cancer syndrome of neuroendocrine tissues. Tumors are caused by an inherited germinal heterozygote inactivating mutation of the MEN1 tumor suppressor gene, followed by a somatic loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the MEN1 gene in target neuroendocrine cells, mainly at parathyroids, pancreas islets, and anterior pituitary. Over 1500 different germline and somatic mutations of the MEN1 gene have been identified, but the syndrome is completely missing a direct genotype-phenotype correlation, thus supporting th

Hypereosinophilic syndromes in the precision medicine era: clinical, molecular aspects and therapeutic approaches (targeted therapies).

Introduction: Hypereosinophilic syndromes are a heterogeneous group of disorders that may be associated with life-threatening organ injury as a result of tissues infiltration by eosinophils. The main goal of therapy is to mitigate eosinophil-mediated organ damage. When possible, therapy should be directed at the underlying etiology. However, even in the absence of any known cause, when organ damage is present, hypereosinophilia must be treated promptly and aggressively to reduce potential morbidity and mortality.Areas covered: Conventional therapies, including corticosteroids, hydroxyurea (hyd

Updates on the Molecular Pathology of Selected Ocular and Ocular Adnexal Tumors: Potential Targets for Future Therapy.

Ophthalmic pathologic studies of retinoblastoma first definitively elucidated a genetic etiology for cancer three decades ago. Advances in DNA sequencing, protein expression profiling, and the exploration of epigenetics have since led to categorization of tumors and clinical prognostication based on genetic aberrancy. There are now many neoplasms that are defined by a characteristic genetic signature. In the past several years alone, much has been discovered in regard to the original tumor-suppressor gene initially defined in retinoblastoma as well as in other intraocular tumors such as medull

Recent advances on the molecular mechanisms involved in the drug resistance of cancer cells and novel targeting therapies.

This review summarizes the recent knowledge obtained on the molecular mechanisms involved in the intrinsic and acquired resistance of cancer cells to current cancer therapies. We describe the cascades that are often altered in cancer cells during cancer progression that may contribute in a crucial manner to drug resistance and disease relapse. The emphasis is on the implication of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) multidrug efflux transporters in drug disposition and antiapoptotic factors, including epidermal growth factor receptor cascades and deregulated enzymes in ceramide metabolic pathways. The

Molecular target-based treatment of human cancer: summary of the 10th international conference on differentiation therapy.

The 10th International Conference on Differentiation Therapy was held between April 29 and May 3, 2004, in Shanghai, China. In the tradition of previous conferences from this series, which have been held biannually since the first meeting organized 20 years ago by Samuel Waxman and Giovanni Rossi in Sardinia, the organizers of the 10th International Conference on Differentiation Therapy aimed to gather basic and clinical cancer investigators in a setting of plenary sessions, workshops, and poster presentations to maximize the effective exchange of information and foster the establishment of co

Correction to: Molecular mechanisms in podocytopathies: finding suitable targets for a new era of glomerular gene therapy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaf332.].

Dysregulation of liquid-liquid phase separation: from molecular mechanisms to targeted therapies in cardiovascular diseases.

Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), a fundamental biological process that drives the formation of membraneless organelles (MLOs) through non-covalent interactions, has emerged as a central regulatory mechanism in cellular physiology and stress responses. Increasing evidence links dysregulated LLPS to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the conserved molecular mechanisms underlying LLPS dysfunction across diverse CVDs, as well as the translation of LLPS-targeted strategies into clinical applications, remain poorly understood. In this review, we propose a novel hypoth

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Insights on molecular testing, targeted therapies, and future directions from a multidisciplinary panel.

Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a histologically and molecularly diverse group of malignancies arising from the gallbladder and the ductal epithelium of the biliary tree. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is the second most common primary liver malignancy in the United States. Surgical resection with negative margins is the only recognized curative treatment option for iCCA; however, most patients will present with advanced or unresectable disease. The clinical presentation is largely non-specific, with the characteristic symptoms of biliary malignancies being less frequent than extrahep