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Fibromyalgia syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment.

Fibromyalgia syndrome is mainly characterized by pain, fatigue, and sleep disruption. The etiology of fibromyalgia is still unclear: if central sensitization is considered to be the main mechanism involved, then many other factors, genetic, immunological, and hormonal, may play an important role. The diagnosis is typically clinical (there are no laboratory abnormalities) and the physician must concentrate on pain and on its features. Additional symptoms (e.g., Raynaud's phenomenon, irritable bowel disease, and heat and cold intolerance) can be associated with this condition. A careful differen

Old Drugs, New Battles: Unleashing Repurposed Drug Classes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment.

Cancer remains a major global health challenge, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) representing one of the most aggressive and difficult-to-treat subtypes, characterized by poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Current treatments, including chemotherapy, are hindered by high recurrence rates, drug resistance, and severe side effects, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies to address these challenges. Drug repurposing, which involves the application of existing FDA-approved (Food and administration) drugs for new oncological uses, offers a cost-effective

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… Similarly, thalidomide, originally used to combat morning sickness, has been repurposed for the treatment of refractory multiple myeloma [ 3 , 24 ]. Metformin, an anti-diabetic drug, is also under investigation for its effectiveness against various cancers, including prostate and BC [ 1 , 7 ]. …

Abstracts of the 36th Annual Meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine. April 24-27, 2013. Denver, Colorado, USA.

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Overcoming Drug Resistance in Advanced Prostate Cancer by Drug Repurposing.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men. Common treatments include active surveillance, surgery, or radiation. Androgen deprivation therapy and chemotherapy are usually reserved for advanced disease or biochemical recurrence, such as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but they are not considered curative because PCa cells eventually develop drug resistance. The latter is achieved through various cellular mechanisms that ultimately circumvent the pharmaceutical's mode of action. The need for novel therapeutic approaches is necessary under these circumstances. An

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… Furthermore, thalidomide, which was formerly used to treat morning sickness in pregnant women, was pulled from the market because of its known association with severe bone birth abnormalities in children [ 40 ]. … Thalidomide, a glutamic acid derivative, was used as a sedative in 1957 and to treat morning sickness in pregnant women [ 265 ]. …

Резюме докладов 38th - ежегодное собрание общества общей внутренней медицины.

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Saliva как матрица для терапевтического мониторинга наркотиков и биомаркеров заболеваний у детей и подростков.

Saliva — более доступная, менее напряженная и менее дорогостоящая биологическая матрица, чем кровь, и она может применяться в терапевтическом мониторинге лекарственных средств (ПТМ). Концентрации слюны отражают фармацевтический активный ненавязанный препарат. В этом обзоре содержится последняя информация о слюне в качестве матрицы для лечебного контроля за наркотиками и определения биомаркеров у младенцев, детей и подростков. К октябрю 2024 года по базе данных PubMed были проведены обыски литературы, 64 исследования были включены в TDM, стероиды, добавки, биомаркеры заболеваний, стоматология,

Neurotoxicity associated with cancer chemotherapy: the first study in the Palestinian healthcare system.

BackgroundChemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity is a significant concern in cancer treatment as it adversely affects treatment outcomes. However, research on this subject within the Palestinian healthcare system is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and associated factors of neurotoxicity in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in Palestine.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 196 cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy at multiple hospitals across Palestine. Data on patient demographics, cancer characteristics, chemotherapy regimens, an

Revolutionary drug repositioning: the preventive and therapeutic potential of metformin and other antidiabetic drugs in age-related macular degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness among the elderly worldwide. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections remain the first-line therapy for AMD. However, their high cost and the need for frequent administration pose challenges to long-term adherence, highlighting the need for accessible and cost-effective preventive strategies. Emerging evidence suggests that traditional antidiabetic drugs, such as metformin, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidinediones, may offer neuroprotective benefits, opening new avenues for AMD prevention. Among these, me

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… Classic examples include Viagra (originally developed for cardiovascular conditions but later used for erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension) ( Ghofrani et al., 2006 ), and Thalidomide (repurposed from a morning sickness treatment to a therapy for leprosy and multiple myeloma) ( Wang et al. …

Integrating Quality of Life in the Care Pathway of Cancer Patients Undergoing Immunotherapy Treatment: Descriptive, Cross-sectional Survey of an Online Patient Community's Experiences and Expectations.

BackgroundNew cancer treatments, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), can improve survival and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with cancer. Although long-term monitoring of HRQoL has been shown to improve survival, integration of HRQoL into everyday practice remains poorly documented.ObjectiveThis study describes experiences and expectations of patients treated with ICIs regarding a discussion of HRQoL with health care professionals (HCPs) in cancer management.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in an online patient community (Carenity) in France. Patient

Molecular glue degrader for tumor treatment.

Targeted Protein Degradation (TPD) represented by Proteolysis-Targeting Chimeras (PROTAC) is the frontier field in the research and development of antitumor therapy, in which oral drug HP518 Receives FDA Proceed Authorization for its IND Application for Prostate Cancer Treatment. Recently, molecular glue, functioning via degradation of the target protein is emerging as a promising modality for the development of therapeutic agents, while exhibits greater advantages over PROTAC, including improved efficiency, resistance-free properties, and the capacity to selectively target "undruggable" prote

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… (R)-thalidomide is recognized for alleviating morning sickness, vomiting, and inducing sedation ( 72 ), whereas (S)-thalidomide exhibits strong teratogenic effects ( 73 ). …

Towards Drug Repurposing in Cancer Cachexia: Potential Targets and Candidates.

As a multifactorial and multiorgan syndrome, cancer cachexia is associated with decreased tolerance to antitumor treatments and increased morbidity and mortality rates. The current approaches for the treatment of this syndrome are not always effective and well established. Drug repurposing or repositioning consists of the investigation of pharmacological components that are already available or in clinical trials for certain diseases and explores if they can be used for new indications. Its advantages comparing to de novo drugs development are the reduced amount of time spent and costs. In thi

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… As an example of successful cases of drug repurposing, there is thalidomide, which was initially used for morning sickness during pregnancy but eventually withdrawn from the market because of its teratogenicity and is now repurposed for refractory multiple myeloma excluding pregnant women [ 4 ]. …

Penfluridol inhibits melanoma growth and metastasis through enhancing von Hippel‒Lindau tumor suppressor-mediated cancerous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (CIP2A) degradation.

Melanoma's high metastatic potential, especially to the brain, poses significant challenges to patient survival. The blood‒brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle to the effective treatment of melanoma brain metastases. We screened antipsychotic drugs capable of crossing the BBB and identified penfluridol (PF) as the most active candidate. PF reduced melanoma cell viability and induced apoptosis. In animal models, PF effectively inhibited melanoma growth and metastasis to the lung and brain. Using immunoprecipitation combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry, and other techniques such as

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… For instance, thalidomide, originally used for morning sickness, is now used to treat multiple myeloma, 7 and the immunosuppressant rapamycin is used for anticancer therapy. 8 Previous studies have shown that patients taking antipsychotic drugs capable of crossing the BBB have a lower incidence of cancer …

The Role of Drug Repurposing in the Development of Novel Antimicrobial Drugs: Non-Antibiotic Pharmacological Agents as Quorum Sensing-Inhibitors.

Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is a global public health issue, severely hindering clinicians in administering appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Drug repurposing is a drug development strategy, during which new pharmacological applications are identified for already approved drugs. From the viewpoint of the development of virulence inhibitors, inhibition of quorum sensing (QS) is a promising route because various important features in bacterial physiology and virulence are mediated by QS-dependent gene expression. Methods: Forty-five pharmacological agents,

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… Examples of the success of drug repurposing include the use of thalidomide (morning sickness → multiple myeloma, erythema nodosum leprosum), minoxidil (hypertension → alopecia), ketoconazole (antifungal drug → Cushing syndrome), aspirin (analgesia → colorectal cancer), and sildenafil (angina pectoris …

Alcohol Misuse in Older Women: A Scoping Review of Correlates, Consequences, Treatment, and Prevention.

BackgroundAlcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD) among older women (defined as age 50 and over) have increased substantially in recent years. Compared to men and younger women, older women negotiate biopsychosocial transitions that put them at greater risk of alcohol-related health conditions as they age and are less reliably screened and treated for heavy alcohol use and AUD.ObjectivesThis scoping review represents a critical evaluation of research methodology and findings since 2004 on biopsychosocial correlates and consequences of alcohol misuse (i.e., heavy alcohol use, defined as four

Medication Experience and Adherence to Oral Chemotherapy: A Qualitative Study of Patients' and Health Professionals' Perspectives.

Lack of adherence constitutes one of the most important challenges in patients undergoing treatment with oral antineoplastic drugs (ANEO). Understanding cancer patients' experiences with respect to their medication is key for optimizing adherence and therapeutic results. We aimed to assess the medication experience (ME) in patients with cancer in treatment with ANEO, to describe the barriers and facilitators related to the disease and its treatment and to compare them with the healthcare professionals' perspectives. We carried out an exploratory qualitative study in the University Hospital of

Design and development of a disease-specific quality of life tool for patients with aplastic anaemia and/or paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (QLQ-AA/PNH)-a report on phase III.

To date, instruments to measure quality of life (QoL) specifically for patients with acquired aplastic anaemia (AA) and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) are lacking altogether. As a consequence, this issue is either underevaluated or alternatively, instruments originally designed for cancer patients are being used. We therefore started to systematically develop a AA/PNH-specific QoL (QLQ-AA/PNH) instrument in these ultra-rare diseases according to European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) guidelines. While phases I and II of the process have previously been p

New Approaches in Oncology for Repositioning Drugs: The Case of PDE5 Inhibitor Sildenafil.

The use of already-approved drugs to treat new or alternative diseases has proved to be beneficial in medicine, because it reduces both drug development costs and timelines. Most drugs can be used to treat different illnesses, due their mechanisms of action are not restricted to one molecular target, organ or illness. Diverging from its original intent offers an opportunity to repurpose previously approved drugs to treat other ailments. This is the case of sildenafil (Viagra), a phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor, which was originally designed to treat systemic hypertension and angina but is

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… Thalidomide was initially developed as a potent sedative and became popular among pregnant women for relieving morning sickness. After thalidomide was associated with congenital malformations, it was withdrawn from the market. …

The experience of patients with hematological malignancy in their terminal stage: a phenomenological study from Jordan's perspective.

BackgroundPatients diagnosed with hematological malignancies residing in low-middle-income countries undergo significant physical and psychological stressors. Despite this, only 16% of them receive proper care during the terminal stages. It is therefore crucial to gain insight into the unique experiences of this population.AimTo have a better understanding of the needs and experiences of adult patients with advanced hematological malignancy by exploring their perspectives.MethodsA qualitative interpretive design was employed to collect and analyze data using a phenomenological approach. The st

Palonosetron in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: an evidence-based review of safety, efficacy, and place in therapy.

IntroductionThe second-generation 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist palonosetron is effective in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) associated with highly and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC and MEC, respectively). In addition, palonosetron has been the first and, at present, the only 5-HT3 receptor antagonist to have a specific indication for the prevention of delayed CINV associated with MEC. The unique pharmacology of this antagonist is thought to partly explain its improved efficacy against delayed symptoms.AimsTo review the evidence u

Are you "tilting at windmills" or undertaking a valid clinical trial?

In this review, several aspects surrounding the choice of a therapeutic intervention and the conduct of clinical trials are discussed. Some of the background for why human studies have evolved to their current state is also included. Specifically, the following questions have been addressed: 1) What criteria should be used to determine whether a scientific discovery or invention is worthy of translation to human application? 2) What recent scientific advance warrants a deeper understanding of clinical trials by everyone? 3) What are the different types and phases of a clinical trial? 4) What c

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… Box 2- Thalidomide: Why pregnant women are not enrolled in clinical trial programs Thalidomide, launched by Grünenthal on 1 October 1957, was found to act as an effective tranquilizer and painkiller and was also found to be an effective antiemetic, which had an inhibitory effect on "morning sickness …