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The use of glucan as immunostimulant in the treatment of paracoccidioidomycosis.

A group of 10 patients, nine of them seriously infected with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (G1), received glucan (beta-1,3 polyglucose) as an immunostimulant intravenously once a week for one month, followed by monthly doses (10 mg) over an 11-month period, together with a specific anti-fungal agent as an immunostimulant. A second group of eight moderately infected patients (G2) was treated with only the anti-fungal agent. Among the patients in G1, there was only one case of relapse compared with five in G2. Values for the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) showed a significant difference (P

Bortezomib in kidney transplantation.

Although current therapies for pretransplant desensitization and treatment of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) have had some success, they do not specifically deplete plasma cells that produce antihuman leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies. Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma (a plasma cell neoplasm), induces plasma cell apoptosis. In this paper we review the current body of literature regarding the use of this biological agent in the field of transplantation. Although limited experience with bortezomib may seem to show promise in the realm of trans

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… Concomitant administration of ketoconazole has been shown to increase systemic bortezomib exposure by 35% with corresponding increased proteasome inhibitory activity, although side effects were similar to those not receiving ketoconazole [ 27 ]. … Epub ahead of print 10.1007/s00280-010-1283-3 PMC3951913 20306195 27 Venkatakrishnan K Rader M Ramanathan RK Effect of the CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of bortezomib in patients with advanced solid tumors: a prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized …

[Analysis of the pathogenic characteristics of 162 severely burned patients with bloodstream infection].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogen isolated from severely burned patients with bloodstream infection, so … amphotericin B, and drug resistance rates of fungi to voriconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole were 7.2%-12.5%. (5) The mortality of patients with extremely severe burn was higher than that of patients with non-extremely severe burn. The variety of infected pathogens in patients with extremely severe burn significantly outnumbered that in pat …

Consensus on the Treatment and Follow-Up for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Report From the First Global Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference for Developing Countries (PCCCDC).

PurposeTo present a summary of the recommendations for the treatment and follow-up for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) as acquired through a questionnaire administered to 99 physicians working in the field of prostate cancer in developing countries who attended the Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference for Developing Countries.MethodsA total of 106 questions out of more than 300 questions addressed the use of imaging in staging mCRPC, treatment recommendations across availability and response to prior drug treatments, appropriate drug treatments, and follow-up, and those

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… Multiple other options were considered and reached consensus in cases of docetaxel-refractory disease in areas of limited resources including low-dose abiraterone, corticosteroids, ketoconazole, bicalutamide, mitoxantrone, and diethylstilbestrol. … Patel V, Liaw B, Oh W.The role of ketoconazole in current prostate cancer care Nat Rev Urol 15643–6512018 36. De Santis M, Saad F.Practical guidance on the role of corticosteroids in the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer Urology 96156–1642016 37. …

Drug-Drug Interaction Study to Assess the Effect of Cytochrome P450 Inhibition and Induction on the Pharmacokinetics of the Novel Cereblon Modulator Avadomide (CC-122) in Healthy Adult Subjects.

Avadomide (CC-122) is a novel immunomodulatory drug that binds to cereblon, a member of the Cullin 4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Avadomide has multiple pharmacologic activities including potent immune modulation, antiangiogenic, antitumor, and antiproliferative activity and is being evaluated as an oncology treatment for hematologic malignancies and advanced solid tumors. In vitro study has indicated that cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A and CYP1A2 appear to be the major enzymes involved in the oxidative metabolism of avadomide. The effects of CYP3A inhibition/induction and CYP1A2 inhibition on

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… Best practices for the use of itraconazole as a replacement for ketoconazole in drug‐drug interaction studies. J Clin Pharmacol. 2016;56(2):143‐151. 13. Culm‐Merdek KE, von Moltke LL, Harmatz JS, Greenblatt DJ. … The impact of co‐administration of ketoconazole and rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of apremilast in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;78(5):1050‐1057. 17. Gupta N, Hanley MJ, Venkatakrishnan K, et al. …

Bortezomib Increased Vascular Permeability by Decreasing Cell-Cell Junction Molecules in Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cells.

Bortezomib (BTZ), a chemotherapeutic drug used to treat multiple myeloma, induces life-threatening side effects, including severe pulmonary toxicity. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate whether BTZ influences vascular permeability and (2) clarify the effect of BTZ on the expression of molecules associated with cell-cell junctions using human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. Clinically relevant concentrations of BTZ induced limited cytotoxicity and increased the permeability of human pulmonary m

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… However, reports have shown that the plasma concentration of BTZ was increased by concomitant administration of the CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole because BTZ is a substrate of CYP3A4 [ 17 ]. … Previous studies have not investigated the influence of ketoconazole on the pathogenesis of BTZ-induced pulmonary toxicity. BTZ has been identified as a substrate of CYP2C19, CYP1A2, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9 [ 20 , 21 ]. …

Old Drugs, New Battles: Unleashing Repurposed Drug Classes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Treatment.

Cancer remains a major global health challenge, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) representing one of the most aggressive and difficult-to-treat subtypes, characterized by poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Current treatments, including chemotherapy, are hindered by high recurrence rates, drug resistance, and severe side effects, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies to address these challenges. Drug repurposing, which involves the application of existing FDA-approved (Food and administration) drugs for new oncological uses, offers a cost-effective

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… Imidazole antifungals, such as ketoconazole and clotrimazole, exert anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis and cycle arrest, particularly in TNBC cells [ 35 ]. … Ketoconazole, for instance, has been shown to inhibit tGLI1, a key transcription factor involved in breast cancer brain metastasis [ 39 ]. …

Paraneoplastic Endocrine Changes in Gastrointestinal Tumors: A Clinical and Mechanistic Review.

Paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes (PESs) are hormonal disturbances associated with malignancies that result from tumor-related production of hormone-like substances, immune-mediated mechanisms, or dysregulated signaling pathways. While they are well recognized in lung and neuroendocrine cancers, their relevance in gastrointestinal tumors remains less clearly defined. This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on paraneoplastic endocrine manifestations in gastrointestinal malignancies, based on a structured search of the literature in major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web

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… Agents that inhibit adrenal steroidogenesis, such as ketoconazole or metyrapone, are commonly used as first-line medical therapies [ 30 , 31 ]. Etomidate may be administered in hospitalized patients with acute hypercortisolemic crises [ 31 ]. … /metyrapone + SSA | Ketoconazole/metyrapone + SSA | Ketoconazole/metyrapone | Ketoconazole/metyrapone 5-year survival (EAS) | Short (vs. bronchial carcinoid) [ 21 , 22 ] | Intermediate | Very short | Very short Evidence level | Multicenter cohort [ 22 ] | Case series | Case reports | Case reports 3.2.8 …

[Analysis of distribution and drug resistance of pathogens isolated from 159 patients with catheter-related bloodstream infection in burn intensive care unit].

Objective: To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens isolated from patients with catheter-related bloodstream infection ( … ungi was not resistant to amphotericin B, with drug resistance rates to voriconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and fluconazole from 4.2% to 6.2%. Conclusions: The incidence of CRBSI and mortality of patients with CRBSI are high in BICU of the author's unit, and the main infection site is femoral vein. There are various types of pathogens in patients with CR …

The Calcium Conundrum: Hypercalcemia of Unknown Etiology.

Hypercalcemia is a common clinical finding with a wide variety of clinical presentations and etiologies. The differential is broad and includes hyperparathyroidism, malignancy, medication adverse effects, endocrinopathies, and a variety of granulomatous diseases. We present the case of an 84-year-old woman with severe parathyroid hormone-independent hypercalcemia and elevated 1,25-OH Vitamin D. Non-necrotizing granulomas were identified on bone marrow biopsy. After an exhaustive workup for granulomatous disease, the patient was felt to have sarcoidosis isolated to the bone marrow and started o

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… Cases of steroid-refractory hypercalcemia have been reported, with patients often responding to ketoconazole (a potent inhibitor of 1-alpha-hydroxylase and other cytochrome P450 enzymes) [ 17 , 18 ]. … 94 105 18 2022 10.14797/mdcvj.1068 PMC9237819 35772032 16 Clinical characteristics of patients with bone sarcoidosis Semin Arthritis Rheum Zhou Y Lower EE Li H Farhey Y Baughman RP 143 148 47 2017 28274482 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2017.02.004 17 Treatment of sarcoidosis-associated hypercalcemia with ketoconazole …

BIOCHEMICAL CONTROL DURING LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF 230 ADULT PATIENTS WITH CUSHING DISEASE: A MULTICENTER RETROSPECTIVE STUDY.

OBJECTIVE: Cushing disease (CD) results from excessive exposure to glucocorticoids caused by an adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary tumor. Inadequately treated CD is associated with significant morbidity and elevated mortality. Multicenter data on CD patients treated in routine clinical practice are needed to assess treatment outcomes in this rare disorder. The study purpose was to describe the burden of illness and treatment outcomes for CD patients. METHODS: Eight pituitary centers in four U.S. regions participated in this multicenter retrospective chart review study. Subjects w

Atorvastatin and Aspirin as Adjuvant Therapy in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of adding statin (atorvastatin) and/or aspirin on clinical deterioration in patients infected with SARS-CoV … ibitor, telaprevir, fibric acid derivatives (gemfibrozil), niacin, azole antifungals (itraconazole, ketoconazole), clarithromycin and colchicine] will also be excluded from the trial. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: In this study, the benefit and safety of atorvastatin (statin) and/or aspirin as adjuvant therapy will be compared with the control group receiving …

Thinking Systematically About the Off-Label Use of Cancer Drugs and Combinations for Patients Who Have Exhausted Proven Therapies.

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… As an intermediate scenario ( Fig. 1 ), we consider the possibility that the patient requests a medication that is priced moderately (e.g., an off-patent cytotoxic, or ketoconazole in prostate cancer). …

Repositioning of drugs for Parkinson's disease and pharmaceutical nanotechnology tools for their optimization.

Parkinson's disease (PD) significantly affects patients' quality of life and represents a high economic burden for health systems. Given the lack of safe and effective treatments for PD, drug repositioning seeks to offer new medication alternatives, reducing research time and costs compared to the traditional drug development strategy. This review aimed to collect evidence of drugs proposed as candidates to be reused in PD and identify those with the potential to be reformulated into nanocarriers to optimize future repositioning trials. We conducted a detailed search in PubMed, Web of Science,

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… There is a protein–protein interaction between B-Raf and Rit2 (RIT2, PD risk gene) | Cellular model: SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and HEK293T cells were used Animal model: C57BL/6 J mice, 8 to 12 weeks old, 20 to 25 g, were used | [ 56 ] Ketoconazole | Fungal infections | Interacts with 14-α-sterol … Validating the predicted effect of astemizole and ketoconazole using a Drosophila model of Parkinson’s disease. Assay Drug Dev Technol. 2017;15(3):106–112. doi: 10.1089/adt.2017.776. 58. Siddiqi FH, Menzies FM, Lopez A, Stamatakou E, Karabiyik C, Ureshino R, et al. …

Treatment outcomes and safety of reduced‑dose venetoclax plus antifungal agents to treat acute myeloid leukemia: A single hospital experience in Taiwan.

Venetoclax, an orally administered B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor, requires dose adjustments when coadministered with cytochrome P450 inhibitors in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The present study retrospectively analyzed data on progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and drug-related adverse events in patients with AML who received adjusted low-dose venetoclax with antifungal agents, compared with those receiving conventional chemotherapy regimens (I3A7, LDAC, and I2A5), at a single hospital. In total, 45 patients with AML who were treated between January 2015 and De

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… Previous studies have shown that strong CYP inhibitors such as ritonavir ( 38 ), ketoconazole ( 39 ), itraconazole ( 26 , 40 , 41 ) and posaconazole ( 25 , 42 ) can significantly increase venetoclax levels in the bloodstream. … PMC9181135 38 Freise KJ Hu B Salem AH Impact of ritonavir dose and schedule on cyp3a inhibition and venetoclax clinical pharmacokinetics Eur J Clin Pharmacol 74 413 421 2018 10.1007/s00228-017-2403-3 29302721 39 Agarwal SK Salem AH Danilov AV Hu B Puvvada S Gutierrez M Chien D Lewis LD Wong SL Effect of ketoconazole …

Endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes in lung cancer: A call for clinical vigilance (Review).

Endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS) are uncommon but clinically impactful manifestations associated with malignancies, particularly lung cancer, most notably small-cell lung cancer. These syndromes arise from ectopic hormone production by malignant cells, causing systemic effects that are independent of direct tumor invasion or metastasis. Their presentation often precedes or signals recurrence of the primary cancer, underscoring the importance of early recognition and targeted intervention. Common endocrine PNS in lung cancer include syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secreti

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… Medical therapies such as ketoconazole, metyrapone, or mifepristone can be used to control hypercortisolism by inhibiting adrenal steroidogenesis. Additionally, somatostatin analogs (for example, octreotide) have shown efficacy in reducing hormone secretion and controlling symptoms. … , and addressing underlying malignancy Cushing syndrome | ACTH | Ectopic ACTH production causing excess cortisol secretion and hypercortisolism | Weight gain, hypertension, diabetes, muscle weakness, moon face | Elevated ACTH and cortisol, loss of cortisol diurnal rhythm | Chemotherapy, metyrapone, ketoconazole …

Role of Long Non-Coding RNA X-Inactive-Specific Transcript (XIST) in Neuroinflammation and Myelination: Insights from Cerebral Organoids and Implications for Multiple Sclerosis.

Background/Objectives: X-inactive-specific transcript (XIST) is a factor that plays a role in neuroinflammation. This study investigated the role of XIST in neuronal development, neuroinflammation, myelination, and therapeutic responses within cerebral organoids in the context of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Methods: Human cerebral organoids with oligodendrocytes were produced from XIST-silenced H9 cells, and the mature organoids were subsequently treated with either FTY720 or DMF. Gene expression related to inflammation and myelination was subsequently analyzed via qRT-PCR. Immunoflu

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… After that, the organoid tissues were fed 40 ng/mL 3,3′,5-triiodothyronine (T3, Sigma, #T2877,Darmstadt, Germany ) containing differentiation medium supplemented with vitamin A for 3 days, and 1 µM ketoconazole was added in addition to 40 ng/mL T3. … The tissues were then incubated with differentiation medium supplemented with vitamin A, ketoconazole, and T3 for an additional 4 days. For the last 3 days before drug treatment, the organoids were fed only differentiation medium supplemented with vitamin A. …

Каннабидиол как иммунный модулятор: всеобъемлющий обзор.

Каннабидиол (КБР), непсихоактивный фитоканнабиноид, полученный из сативы Каннабиса, стал многообещающим терапевтическим агентом в силу его разнообразных фармакологических свойств, включая сильные антивоспалительные, нейрозащитные и иммунодуляторные эффекты. КБР модифицирует иммунную реакцию, включая регулирование активности клеток Т, введение апоптоза макрофага, подавление провоспалительных цитокинов и модуляцию сигнальных путей воспаления и иммунной гомеостазии. Был проведен всеобъемлющий поиск литературы с использованием баз данных PubMed, Scopus и Web of Science в целях выявления соответств

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… , nefazodone, loperamide CYP2C19  Substrates Inducers Inhibitors  Antidepressants, proton pump inhibitors, clopidogrel, propranolol, warfarin Rifampin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin Fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, cimetidine, ketoconazole, fluconazole, efavirenz Transport proteins  UGT1A9 UGT2B7 BCRP … naproxen, ezetimibe, simvastatin, valproate, carbamazepine Glyburide, imatinib, methotrexate, mitoxantrone, nitrofurantoin, prazosin, statins, dipyridamole CBD drug interactions with enzyme substrates, inducers, inhibitors and transport proteins (Brown and Winterstein 2019 ) Protease inhibitors, ketoconazole …

Vitamin D Supplementation Guidelines for General Population and Groups at Risk of Vitamin D Deficiency in Poland-Recommendations of the Polish Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes and the Expert Panel With Participation of National Specialist Consultants and Representatives of Scientific Societies-2018 Update.

IntroductionVitamin D deficiency is an important public health problem worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency confers a significant risk for both skeletal and non-skeletal disorders and a number of lifelong negative health outcomes. The objectives of this evidence-based guidelines document are to provide health care professionals in Poland, an updated recommendation for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency.MethodsA systematic literature search examining the prevention and treatment strategies for vitamin D deficiency was conducted. Updated recommendations were developed usi

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… defects, recurrent low energy fractures and aseptic osteonecrosis Disorders of calcium-phosphorus metabolism | Disorders of calcemia, calciuria, phosphatemia, phosphaturia, hypophosphatasia and hiperphosphatasia Chronic treatment with some medications | Chronic corticosteridotherapy, treatment with ketoconazole … In cases of fully symptomatic vitamin D intoxication, resulting from overdose, the general therapeutic management includes hydration with normal saline followed by loop diuretics and the use of glucocorticoids, bisphosphonates, calcitonin or ketoconazole is often considered as the second-line treatment …