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Potential Protective Role Exerted by Secoiridoids from Olea europaea L. in Cancer, Cardiovascular, Neurodegenerative, Aging-Related, and Immunoinflammatory Diseases.

Iridoids, which have beneficial health properties, include a wide group of cyclopentane [c] pyran monoterpenoids present in plants and insects. The cleavage of the cyclopentane ring leads to secoiridoids. Mainly, secoiridoids have shown a variety of pharmacological effects including anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, and anti-obesity, which increase the interest of studying these types of bioactive compounds in depth. Secoiridoids are thoroughly distributed in several families of plants such as Oleaceae, Valerianaceae, Gentianaceae a

LAP2α drives breast tumorigenesis by mitigating replication stress.

Replication protein A (RPA) plays a vital role in replication stress response, with RPA-coated single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) acting as a critical platform for the coordination of the genome surveillance machinery. In previous studies, we reported that the lamin-associated protein LAP2α interacts physically with RPA, aiding its localization to damaged chromatin for genome protection. However, the significance of the LAP2α-mediated RPA deposition in tumor progression remains unclear. Here, we reveal that LAP2α promotes breast tumorigenesis by counteracting replication stress-induced DNA damage. Fu

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… A ssDNA-pull down assays with nuclear extracts from MDA-MB-231 cells. LAP2 α /Wt or LAP2 α /2RE stably expressing MDA-MB-231 cells were transfected with control siRNA or LAP2 α 3’UTR siRNA before collection. … D Survival analysis of MDA-MB-231 cells expressing LAP2 α 3’UTR siRNA and LAP2 α /Wt or LAP2α/2RE under different drug treatments ( n = 3 from biological triplicate experiments). E Tumor weight of xenografts from control or LAP2 α -knockdown MDA-MB-231 cells. …

Marine Natural Products as Potent Anticancer Agents (2020-2024): Structural Diversity, SARs and Target Prediction.

In recent years, Marine Natural Products (MNPs) have emerged as a significant source for anticancer drug discovery, as many natural products can offer structural diversity, unique mechanisms of action, and relatively low toxicity. This article provides a systematic review of MNPs with reported anticancer activities from 2020 to 2024. These compounds are classified into seven major categories: terpenoids, alkaloids, sterols, polyketides, peptides and proteins, polysaccharides, and macrolides. For each category, we elaborate on the marine sources, structural identification, in vitro anticancer a

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… Bioactivity evaluation revealed that 42 displayed significant cytotoxicity against HeLa and MDA-MB-231 cells, with IC 50 values of 0.096 mg/mL and 0.093 mg/mL, respectively. 43 showed weaker activity against HeLa cells (IC 50 = 0.172 mg/mL) but enhanced potency against MDA-MB-231 cells (IC 50 = 0.042 … After 72 h treatment in MDA-MB-231 cells, the GR value reached 0.5 at the highest dose. The EC 50 measured by the GR method was 29–96 nM. …

Nature-Inspired Strategies in Cancer Management: The Potential of Plant Extracts in Modulating Tumour Biology.

Cancer is a serious group of diseases that is a huge problem on a global scale and is the second most common cause of death. Commonly used therapies do not always lead to the complete elimination of diseased cells or tissues and are also burdened with side effects that reduce the quality of life of patients. Due to these difficulties, new therapeutic approaches are still being sought. In recent years, there has been a return to interest in natural methods of treating various diseases, among which phytochemicals are particularly interesting. This article reviews plant extracts with anticancer p

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… Data from MTT assays showed that the ethanolic extract from Phoenix dactylifera (date palm) seeds decreased the viability of MDA-MB-231 cells to 91.9%, 87.8%, 74.3%, 61.7%, and 48.4% at concentrations of 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 μg/mL, respectively, after 24 h. … Anticancer potential of Phoenix dactylifera L. seed extract in human cancer cells and pro-apoptotic effects mediated through caspase-3 dependent pathway in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells: An in vitro and in silico investigation. BMC Complement. Med. …

Understanding cachexia and muscle dysfunction in the context of metastatic breast cancer.

Cancer cachexia significantly impacts the quality of life of cancer patients, predicting therapy response and survival. Cachexia prevalence and severity increases over the course of disease progression, affecting up to 80% of patients with metastatic cancer. Despite this, cachexia is relatively understudied in the context of metastatic breast cancer, despite it affecting a significant proportion of patients with this common cancer. In this review we highlight the relative prevalence of cachexia in breast cancer, with 25% of all patients and up to half of those with metastatic disease impacted.

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… The inoculation of MDA-MB-231 cells into the left ventricle of the heart of nude mice, or treatment with carboplatin resulted in wasting and weakness in the mice [ 131 ]. … Similar results were observed following treatment of C2C12 muscle cells with CM from MDA-MB-231 cells [ 102 ]. …

GPC-100, a novel CXCR4 antagonist, improves in vivo hematopoietic cell mobilization when combined with propranolol.

Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT) is increasingly used to treat hematological malignancies. A key requisite for ASCT is mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells into peripheral blood, where they are collected by apheresis and stored for later transplantation. However, success is often hindered by poor mobilization due to factors including prior treatments. The combination of G-CSF and GPC-100, a small molecule antagonist of CXCR4, showed potential in a multiple myeloma clinical trial for sufficient and rapid collection of CD34+ stem cells, compared to the historical results from the stand

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… Calcium flux assay MDA-MB-231 cells endogenously expressing CXCR4 and β 2 AR, or transduced with adenoviruses encoding CXCR4 for overexpression were used for calcium flux. … First, we utilized calcium flux assay in MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing CXCR4 (S1 Table in S1 File ), which yielded a robust calcium flux response when stimulated with CXCL12. …

Natural anti-cancer products: insights from herbal medicine.

Herbal medicine exhibits a broad spectrum of potent anti-cancer properties, including the enhancement of tumor immune responses, reversal of multidrug resistance, regulation of autophagy and ferroptosis, as well as anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-metastatic effects. This review systematically explores recent advances (primarily documented since 2019) in research on key anti-cancer compounds derived from herbal medicine, such as apigenin, artemisinin, berberine, curcumin, emodin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), ginsenosides, icariin, resveratrol, silibinin, triptolide, and ursolic

Application of Perinatal Derivatives on Oncological Preclinical Models: A Review of Animal Studies.

The increasing cancer incidence has certified oncological management as one of the most critical challenges for the coming decades. New anticancer strategies are still needed, despite the significant advances brought to the forefront in the last decades. The most recent, promising therapeutic approaches have benefitted from the application of human perinatal derivatives (PnD), biological mediators with proven benefits in several fields beyond oncology. To elucidate preclinical results and clinic outcomes achieved in the oncological field, we present a narrative review of the studies resorting

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… Cell therapy was performed on female BALB/c nude mice previously inoculated with MDA-MB-231 cells into the mammary fat pads. Then the hAFSC were injected circumtumorally, and intraperitoneal injections of 5-fluorocytosine and ganciclovir completed the treatment. … The animal model was developed by injecting 1 × 10 6 MDA-MB-231 cells over the shoulder region in 6–8-week-old SCID mice seeking the development of ectopic breast tumors. …

Mediterranean Diet Food Components as Possible Adjuvant Therapies to Counteract Breast and Prostate Cancer Progression to Bone Metastasis.

Bone metastasis is a serious and often lethal complication of particularly frequent carcinomas, such as breast and prostate cancers, which not only reduces survival but also worsens the patients' quality of life. Therefore, it is important to find new and/or additional therapeutic possibilities that can counteract the colonization of bone tissue. High adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) is effective in the prevention of cancer and improves cancer patients' health, thus, here, we considered its impact on bone metastasis. We highlighted some molecular events relevant for the development of

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… Concerning breast cancer, the most commonly used cellular system employs the triple negative and highly invasive MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to natural compounds. … The flavonoid p-hydroxycinnamic acid ( HCA ) has demonstrated prevention activity toward suppressed osteoblastogenesis and enhanced osteoclastogenesis in MDA-MB-231 cells co-cultured with bone marrow cells. …

ER-mitochondria tethering and its signaling: A novel therapeutic target in breast cancer.

Communication between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria through mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) is assisted by tethering proteins and signaling pathways, manifesting the dynamic exchange of lipids, calcium, and signaling molecules. However, dysregulation of tethering and signaling proteins contributes to the progression of breast cancer (BC). Abnormal MAM structures and altered ER-mitochondrial tethering impair mitochondrial functions and thereby drive BC progression. Altered mitochondrial dynamics, often characterized by dysregulated dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)

Targeting the two-pore channel 2 in cancer progression and metastasis.

The importance of Ca2+ signaling, and particularly Ca2+ channels, in key events of cancer cell function such as proliferation, metastasis, autophagy and angiogenesis, has recently begun to be appreciated. Of particular note are two-pore channels (TPCs), a group of recently identified Ca2+-channels, located within the endolysosomal system. TPC2 has recently emerged as an intracellular ion channel of significant pathophysiological relevance, specifically in cancer, and interest in its role as an anti-cancer drug target has begun to be explored. Herein, an overview of the cancer-related functions

Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Basic Biology and Immuno-Oncolytic Viruses.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal subtype of breast cancer. TNBC diagnoses account for approximately one-fifth of all breast cancer cases globally. The lack of receptors for estrogen, progesterone, and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER-2, CD340) results in a lack of available molecular-based therapeutics. This increases the difficulty of treatment and leaves more traditional as well as toxic therapies as the only available standards of care in many cases. Recurrence is an additional serious problem, contributing substantially to its higher mortality rate as compared to

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… MDA-MB-231 cells coincubated with supernatants of MCF-7 cells increased proliferation over time, whereas coincubation with BT-474 cells or simply other MDA-MB-231 cells hampered growth [ 47 ]. … The r2Reovirus has shown the capability to infect BC cell lines with variable efficacy, with most efforts concentrated on MDA-MB-231 cells. …

Trial watch: beta-blockers in cancer therapy.

Compelling evidence supports the hypothesis that stress negatively impacts cancer development and prognosis. Irrespective of its physical, biological or psychological source, stress triggers a physiological response that is mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic adrenal medullary axis. The resulting release of glucocorticoids and catecholamines into the systemic circulation leads to neuroendocrine and metabolic adaptations that can affect immune homeostasis and immunosurveillance, thus impairing the detection and eradication of malignant cells. Moreover, catech

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… -231 cells | Inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels, inhibition of lateral motility and invasion | 65 Breast cancer | Propranolol, ICI 118,551 (selective β2 blocker) | Human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells | Inhibition of viability by downregulation of ERK, COX-2 pathways; cell cycle arrest; apoptosis … breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells; BALB/c nude mice | Inhibition of invadopodia formation (role in invasion via Src pathway) | 186 Breast cancer | Propranolol | Human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells | Inhibition of migration | 42 Breast cancer | Carvedilol | Human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells …

CRISPR/Cas9: A revolutionary genome editing tool for human cancers treatment.

Cancer is a genetic disease stemming from genetic and epigenetic mutations and is the second most common cause of death across the globe. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) is an emerging gene-editing tool, acting as a defense system in bacteria and archaea. CRISPR/Cas9 technology holds immense potential in cancer diagnosis and treatment and has been utilized to develop cancer disease models such as medulloblastoma and glioblastoma mice models. In diagnostics, CRISPR can be used to quickly and efficiently detect genes involved in various cancer development, prol

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… -231 cells | 86 NATI | Reduced pyrimidine production and fatty acid β-oxidation mediate the OG cell lines’ selective cytotoxic effects. | MDA-MB-231 cells | 87 PARPI | Chemotherapy's efficacy is improved by reducing proliferation, migration, and viability. | NBC cell lines, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-436 | 88 … -231 cells | Yes | Suppress tumor growth | 146 TMEM106A | MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 cells | Yes | Breast cancer metastasis suppressor | 147 OPN | MDA-MB-231 cells | Yes | Help overcome radioresistance in cancer treatment | 148 CXCR4 and CXCR7 | MDA-MB-231 cells | Yes | Slow down TNBC cancer growth | 149 …

Ten Years of Research on Fucoidan and Cancer: Focus on Its Antiangiogenic and Antimetastatic Effects.

Angiogenesis and metastasis represent two challenging targets to combat cancer development in the later stages of its progression. Numerous studies have indicated the important role of natural products in blocking tumor angiogenesis signaling pathways in several advanced tumors. In recent years, the marine polysaccharides fucoidans emerged as promising anticancer compounds showing potent antitumor activity in both in vitro and in vivo models of different types of cancers. The objective of this review is to focus on the antiangiogenic and antimetastatic activities of fucoidans with special emph

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… -231 cell line, HPMEC-ST1.6R cells (500 µg/mL crude fucoidan for 4, 8, 12 or 16 h) Vivo: CAM without tumor (3 or 7 days after 0.5 mg/mL fucoidan injection) or CAM with tumor MDA-MB-231 cells onplantation (4 or 8 days after 0.5 mg/mL fucoidan injection) | ↓ PDGF ↓ Migration and formation of new vessel … Moreover, HUVEC cells were treated with fucoidan before seeding with MDA-MB-231 cells expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP), which enables to monitor tumor vasculature formation. …

Gambogic Acid as a Candidate for Cancer Therapy: A Review.

Gambogic acid (GA), a kind of dry resin secreted by the Garcinia hanburyi tree, is a natural active ingredient with various biological activities, such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-bacterial effects, etc. An increasing amount of evidence indicates that GA has obvious anti-cancer effects via various molecular mechanisms, including the induction of apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle arrest and the inhibition of invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis. In order to improve the efficacy in cancer treatment, nanometer drug delivery systems have been employed to load GA and form mice

Nostoc commune-derived scytonemin induced mitochondrial cell death in leukemia models.

Cyanobacteria have long attracted scientific interest through their potential application in the development of new therapeutic approaches, particularly those related to the treatment of cancer. In this study, the antiproliferative effects of Nostoc commune extract (NOS) and the cyanobacterial compound scytonemin (SCY) were evaluated against a variety of in vitro cancer models, including cervix, colon, breast, lung, and leukemia cell lines, using resazurin assays. Both of the studied compounds were found to have inhibited metabolic activity in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values ranging

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… Jiang et al. also observed p21 upregulation in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with C-phycocyanin [ 26 ]. Phosphatidylserine externalization is one of the earliest events in the programmed cell death pathway. … C-Phycocyanin exerts anti-cancer effects via the MAPK signaling pathway in MDA-MB-231 cells. Cancer Cell Int. 2018;18:12. 10.1186/s12935-018-0511-5. 27. Safaei M, Maleki H, Soleimanpour H, Norouzy A, Zahiri HS, Vali H, Noghabi KA. …

Research Progress on Chinese Herbal Medicine Components Targeting Ferroptosis for Cancer Therapy.

Recent studies indicate that ferroptosis shows unique advantages in oncotherapy, particularly in reversing multidrug resistance (MDR). Despite current therapeutic advancements, the treatment of high-incidence malignancies with dismal prognoses continues to face challenges, including limited clinical efficacy, significant side effects, and drug resistance. In recent years, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has gained increasing attention in anti-tumor therapy. CHM bioactive components are highly effective in inducing tumor cell ferroptosis, inhibiting tumor proliferation and migration, and reversin

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… Boswellia carterii n-hexane extract (BCHE) has been confirmed to exhibit potent inhibitory effects against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, this efficacy is driven by the dual modulation of key ferroptotic pathways. …

Gossypol and Its Natural Derivatives: Multitargeted Phytochemicals as Potential Drug Candidates for Oncologic Diseases.

Despite the vast amounts of research and remarkable discoveries that have been made in recent decades, cancer remains a leading cause of death and a major public health concern worldwide. Gossypol, a natural polyphenolic compound derived from the seeds, roots, and stems of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), was first used as a male contraceptive agent. Due to its diverse biological properties, including antifertility, antiviral, antioxidant, antibacterial, antimalarial, and most notably antitumor activities, gossypol has been the subject of numerous studies. Nevertheless, no systematic review has

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… Growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45α protein (GADD45α), tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 9, and BCL2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) were all elevated in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with gossypol, while baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5, an apoptosis-suppressor gene, and death-associated …

Synthesis and biological evaluation of a new polymeric conjugate and nanocarrier with osteotropic properties.

Bone-seeking (osteotropic) drug delivery systems (ODDS) represent an interesting solution for targeting different types of drugs to the bones. In particular, anticancer and antibacterial agents could take advantage of such therapeutic strategy. We have recently developed an innovative approach to this aim: a new osteotropic biomaterial was prepared, based on the conjugation of a poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) with the bisphosphonate drug alendronate (PLGA-ALE); its hemo- and cytocompatibility were verified. Starting with this copolymer, an osteotropic nanoparticle system (NP) was produced f

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… Free DOX (left) or DOX-loaded PLGA-ALE NP (right) were incubated for 24 h with U-2 OS cells ( a ), MDA-MB-231 cells ( b ), or SH-SY5Y cells ( c ). Cytoplasm fluorescence (red spots) is signaled by the arrows. Bars, 10 μm; magnification, 60X (arranged from reference [ 38 ]). 3.3. … BALB/c-nu/nu mice were injected intratibially with a suspension of MDA-MB-231 cells. …