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The safety and immunogenicity of two novel live attenuated monovalent (serotype 2) oral poliovirus vaccines in healthy adults: a double-blind, single-centre phase 1 study.

BACKGROUND: Use of oral live-attenuated polio vaccines (OPV), and injected inactivated polio vaccines (IPV) has almost achieved global eradi … sk of environmental release of the novel OPV2 candidates. Participants, who were recruited by local advertising, were adults (aged 18-50 years) in good health who had previously been vaccinated with IPV, and who would not have any contact with immunosuppressed or unvaccinated people for the duration of faecal shedding at the end of the study. The first partic …

Assessing the readability of online information about jones fracture.

BACKGROUND: Hand in hand with technological advancements, treatment modalities continue to grow. With the turn of the century, the internet has become the number one source of information for almost every topic. Thus, many patients look toward the internet as their primary source of information to learn about their respective medical conditions. The American Medical Association and National Institute of Health strongly recommend that online medical information be written at the 6th to 8th-grade level to aid comprehension by patients of all literacy backgrounds. AIM: To assess the readability

Associations between white matter microstructure and cognitive decline in major depressive disorder versus controls in Germany: a prospective case-control cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive deficits are a key source of disability in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) and worsen with disease progression. Despite their clinical relevance, the underlying mechanisms of cognitive deficits remain poorly elucidated, hampering effective treatment strategies. Emerging evidence suggests that alterations in white matter microstructure might contribute to cognitive dysfunction in MDD. We aimed to investigate the complex association between changes in white matter integrity, cognitive decline, and disease course in MDD in a comprehensive longitudinal datase

Effect of Combination Treatment With Varenicline and Nicotine Patch on Smoking Cessation Among Smokers Who Drink Heavily: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE: The concurrent use of both tobacco and alcohol causes substantial disease and early mortality, and smokers who drink heavily tend to be less successful in smoking cessation than smokers who do not. Although varenicline combined with nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation has been examined among smokers who do not drink heavily, this combination treatment has not yet been examined among smokers who drink heavily. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether combined treatment with varenicline tartrate and nicotine patch improves continuous abstinence from cigarette smoking among smo

Effects of a Tailored Brief Behavioral Therapy Application on Insomnia Severity and Social Disabilities Among Workers With Insomnia in Japan: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE: According to the stepped-care model, there is a medium to large effect size for using cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia that is delivered digitally, such as a smartphone application. However, it has been reported that studies using fully automated cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia applications without expert support have high dropout rates. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of using a fully automated and individually tailored brief behavior therapy for insomnia (BBTI) applications for 2 weeks on insomnia-related symptoms, social disabilities, and work productivity

Determinants of tobacco use among men aged 15 to 59 in Sub Sahara Africa: a multilevel mixed effect logistic regression analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Tobacco use is a significant public health problem in Sub Sahara Africa, and various demographic factors influence its prevale … same time, strengthening and enforcing comprehensive tobacco control policies, including taxation, advertising restrictions, and smoke free regulations, is essential, particularly in high burden regions and countries. Overall, effective reduction of tobacco use among men in SSA will require a focused and context specific approach that prioritizes disadvantag …

How Do Individuals Perceive Diagnostic Labels and Explanations for Hip Pain? A Qualitative Study Among Adults With Persistent Hip Pain.

BACKGROUND: Depending on how clinicians label and explain hip pain, patients may form different beliefs about hip pain and its management. W … interview guide. Participants were recruited from metropolitan and rural Australia by social media advertising. Participants self-reported activity-related hip pain on most days in the past 3 months, were 45 years of age or older, and read and spoke in English. We sought to purposively sample a range of educational and health literacy levels. We interviewed …

Eggsurance? A randomized controlled trial of a decision aid for elective egg freezing.

STUDY QUESTION: Does a purpose-designed Decision Aid for women considering elective egg freezing (EEF) impact decisional conflict and other … and with internet access were recruited using multiple methods including social media posts, Google advertising, newsletter/noticeboard posts, and fertility clinic promotion. After completing the baseline survey, participants were emailed their allocated website link(s). Follow-up surveys were sent at 6 and 12 months. Primary outcome was decisional conflict ( …

Convenient Access to Expert-Reviewed Health Information via an Alexa Voice Assistant Skill for Patients With Multiple Myeloma: Development Study.

BackgroundPatients with multiple myeloma (MM) have high information needs due to the complexity of the disease and variety of treatments. Digital voice assistants provide support in daily life and can be a convenient tool that even older patients can use to access health information. Voice assistants may therefore be useful in providing digital health services to meet the information needs of patients with MM.ObjectiveWe aim to describe and report on the development, content, and functionality of the first Amazon Alexa voice assistant skill for patients with MM in Germany with the goal of empo

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… In alignment with German laws on advertising health-related products and services ( Heilmittelwerbegesetz ) [ 17 ], no information on specific medications was added, and patient-friendly language was used. … Promotion By performing multichannel promotion via a Google AdWords campaign, web-based banners, print advertisements, and flyers, we aimed to reach as many patients as possible. …

The penumbra of thalidomide, the litigation culture and the licensing of pharmaceuticals.

Fifty years ago several thousand children were born with severe limb defects after their mothers had been given thalidomide in pregnancy. This tragedy caused procedures for licensing new medicines to become much stricter. Where, nevertheless, significant side effects were found it became common to sue for damages. These consequences have caused possibly an even greater disaster damaging many more people and threatening ruin to health services everywhere. The huge increase in both time and cost in bringing medicines to market is increasing their price to unsupportable levels; and only wealthy c

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… These class actions, which come largely from the USA, are frequently advertised and Figure 5 shows an advertisement from a website related to both Rosiglitazone (Avandia) and Pioglitazone (Actos), where a group of lawyers is actively pursuing people promising that they would include them in such actions … There are serious moral objections to this sort of advertising and of course these lawyers do not act entirely out of altruism but also for their own profit. Figure 5 Advertising class actions—a public harm. …

Instagram v. Reality: The Case for Regulating Adolescent Social Media Use.

In the span of just two decades, social media has transformed from a novel communication platform into an omnipresent force in modern life, … ive features designed to capture and retain their focus. By way of data collection and personalized advertising, they have turned user attention into billions of dollars of revenue. The young age at which users begin using social media, sometimes in ways that are problematic or addictive, makes clear that this is not simply a way of life in the digital age - …

Paracetamol and ibuprofen for the treatment of fever in children: the PITCH randomised controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To establish the relative clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of paracetamol plus ibuprofen compared with paracetamol and ibuprofen separately for time without fever, and the relief of fever-associated discomfort in young children who can be managed at home. DESIGN: The trial design was a single-centre (multisite), individually randomised, blinded, three-arm trial comparing paracetamol and ibuprofen together with paracetamol or ibuprofen separately. SETTING: There were three recruitment settings, as follows: 'Локально' where research nurses were recruited from NHS primary

Redefining venereology practice in Tamil Nadu, South India - Nakshatra Health - A networking model.

BACKGROUND: Accessing care for sexual health has always been a challenge in our Indian context. The primary reason is a lack of awareness of modes of transmission of sexually transmitted diseases (STD), appropriate testing, and treatment options. The second is taboo associated with the morality of the individual. The third is the accessibility and availability of Quality STD care by allopathic specialists in comparison to the demand. This has paved way for lots of myths and misconceptions among the general public regarding STDs and HIV disease. Compounding it is the mushrooming of nonqualified

Classification of Health-Related Social Media Posts: Evaluation of Post Content-Classifier Models and Analysis of User Demographics.

BackgroundThe increasing volume of health-related social media activity, where users connect, collaborate, and engage, has increased the significance of analyzing how people use health-related social media.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to classify the content (eg, posts that share experiences and seek support) of users who write health-related social media posts and study the effect of user demographics on post content.MethodsWe analyzed two different types of health-related social media: (1) health-related online forums-WebMD and DailyStrength-and (2) general online social networks-Twitt

Dynamics of Patient-Based Benefit-Risk Assessment of Medicines in Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review.

BackgroundA critical gap exits in understanding the dynamics of patient-based benefit-risk assessment (BRA) of medicines in chronic diseases during the disease journey.PurposeTo systematically review and synthesize current evidence on the changes of patients' preferences about the benefits and risks of medicines during their disease journey including the influence of disease duration and severity, and previous treatment experience.MethodsA systematic review of studies identified in PubMed and Embase, from inception to November 2020, was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Report

The Burden of Cancer, Government Strategic Policies, and Challenges in Pakistan: A Comprehensive Review.

Cancer is a severe condition characterized by uncontrolled cell division and increasing reported mortality and diagnostic cases. In 2040, an estimated 28.4 million cancer cases are expected to happen globally. In 2020, an estimated 19.3 million new cancer cases (18.1 million excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) had been diagnosed worldwide, with around 10.0 million cancer deaths. Breast cancer cases have increased by 2.26 million, lung cancer by 2.21 million, stomach by 1.089 million, liver by 0.96 million, and colon cancer by 1.93 million. Cancer is becoming more prevalent in Pakistan, with 19

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… Advertisements have been discovered to play a substantial role in promoting smoking ( 214 , 215 ). In Pakistan, regulations prohibiting such advertising techniques were enacted. In Pakistan, two principal regulations oversee tobacco control ( 216 ). … It controls a variety of facets of tobacco control, including public smoking prohibitions, sales to minors, cigarette advertisements, marketing, and finance. The Committee on Tobacco Advertisement Guidelines was formed by SRO 655(I)/2003 in tobacco advertising, marketing, and finance ( 221 ). …

Assessing Efgartigimod (VYVGART™) Social Media Posts in Generalized Myasthenia Gravis to Understand Patient, Caregiver, and Health Care Professional Sentiments.

INTRODUCTION: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by fluctuating muscle weakness (ocular, bulbar, limb, and respiratory). Efgartigimod (VYVGART), a first-in-class neonatal Fc receptor antagonist, was approved for treatment of generalized MG (gMG). This study aimed to explore real-world sentiments, wherein in sentiments refer to real-world perceptions expressed by patients, caregivers, and healthcare professionals (HCPs) on VYVGART and VYVGART Hytrulo, through structured social media analysis. METHODS: This social media listening study was design