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The experimental research on neuroplasticity in rats' hippocampus subjected to chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and interfered by Modified Dioscorea Pills.

BACKGROUND: Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion (CCH) is a common, crucial and tough problem for old people. It easily leads to Lacunar Infarctio … P-43) mRNA, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) mRNA, Microtubule-associated Protein (MAP)-2, Synaptophysin (SYP), Postsynaptic Density protein (PSD)-95 and Micro Vessel Density (MVD) were determined. Through one-way ANOVA the data was analyzed and when P＜0.05 the result was considered significant. RESULTS: Compared to the Model Group, rats in the MDP Gr …

Immunohistochemical characterization of subependymal giant cell astrocytomas.

Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) is the most common neoplastic process involving the brain in patients with tuberous sclerosis com … proteins [neurofilament epitopes, class III Beta-tubulin, microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), synaptophysin], neurosecretory substances [serotonin, cholecystokinin, Beta-endorphin, substance P, somatostatin, metenkephalin, neuropeptide Y, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and for the 28-kDa neuron-associated calcium binding protein calbindin. Of th …

[Mechanism of Chaijin Jieyu Anshen Formula in regulating synaptic damage in nucleus accumbens neurons of rats with insomnia complicated with depression through TREM2/C1q axis].

This study aims to investigate the effect of Chaijin Jieyu Anshen Formula on the neuroinflammation of rats with insomnia complicated with de … ot and immunofluorescence were performed to detect TREM2, C1q, postsynaptic density 95(PSD-95), and synaptophysin 1(SYN1) expressions in rat nucleus accumbens, respectively. Golgi-Cox staining was utilized to observe the synaptic spine density of nucleus accumbens neurons. The results show that, compared with the model group, Chaijin Jieyu Anshen Formula can si …

Prenatal development of the human entorhinal cortex.

Little is known about the development of the human entorhinal cortex (EC), a major hub in a widespread network for learning and memory, spatial navigation, high-order processing of object information, multimodal integration, attention and awareness, emotion, motivation, and perception of time. We analyzed a series of 20 fetal and two adult human brains using Nissl stain, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry, and immunocytochemistry for myelin basic protein (MBP), neuronal nuclei antigen (NeuN), a pan-axonal neurofilament marker, and synaptophysin, as well as postmortem 3T MRI. In compari…

Detection of Antiviral Tissue Responses and Increased Cell Stress in the Pancreatic Islets of Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes Patients: Results From the DiViD Study.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The Diabetes Virus Detection (DiViD) study has suggested the presence of low-grade enteroviral infection in pancreatic tiss … e expression was increased in β-cells in type 1 diabetes. In addition, an uncharacterised subset of synaptophysin positive, but islet hormone negative, cells expressed intense MDA5 staining and these were more prevalent in DiViD cases. MxA RNA was upregulated in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes vs ND islets and MxA protein was detected exclusively in newly diagn …

Bryostatin Effects on Cognitive Function and PKCɛ in Alzheimer's Disease Phase IIa and Expanded Access Trials.

Bryostatin 1, a potent activator of protein kinase C epsilon (PKCɛ), has been shown to reverse synaptic loss and facilitate synaptic maturation in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Fragile X, stroke, and other neurological disorders. In a single-dose (25 μg/m2) randomized double-blind Phase IIa clinical trial, bryostatin levels reached a maximum at 1-2 h after the start of infusion. In close parallel with peak blood levels of bryostatin, an increase of PBMC PKCɛ was measured (p = 0.0185) within 1 h from the onset of infusion. Of 9 patients with a clinical diagnosis of AD, of which 6 r

[Effect of Tongdu Tiaoshen acupuncture on hippocampal neuronal synaptic remodeling in rats with post-stroke depression based on the CCL2-CCR2 pathway].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Tongdu Tiaoshen acupuncture (for unblocking the obstruction in the governor vessel and reulating the … synaptic density (SD), postsynaptic density thickness (PSDL), and expression of synapsin 1 (SYN1), synaptophysin (SYN), and postsynaptic density proitein 95 (PSD95) proteins were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, both the acupuncture group and the fluoxetine group showed improved hippocampal structure, increased Nissl bodies, cle …

[DICER1-mutant primary intracranial sarcoma: analysis of five cases].

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and differential diagnosis of DICER1-mutant primary intracranial sarcoma. … oplastic cells. The Ki-67 proliferation index was high (40%-80%). Various neuronal markers, such as synaptophysin, NF, SOX2 and MAP2, were expressed in all tumor samples. Genetically, all tumors samples harbored biallelic abnormalities of DICER1. One was a hotspot missense mutation in the RNase Ⅲb domain within exon 25 on one allele (p.E1813 or p.D1810), while …

Treadmill exercise in combination with acousto-optic and olfactory stimulation improves cognitive function in APP/PS1 mice through the brain-derived neurotrophic factor- and Cygb-associated signaling pathways.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202509000-00031/figure1/v/2024-11-05T132919Z/r/image-tiff A reduction in adult neurogenesis is associated with b … the expression of neuron-related proteins (NeuN, doublecortin, postsynaptic density protein-95, and synaptophysin), anti-apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2 and PARP), and an autophagy-associated protein (LC3B), while decreasing the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (BAX and caspase-9), in the hippocampus of amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 mice. The …

Ectopic sphenoid sinus pituitary adenoma (ESSPA) with normal anterior pituitary gland: a clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic study of 32 cases with a comprehensive review of the english literature.

Ectopic sphenoid sinus pituitary adenoma (ESSPA) may arise from a remnant of Rathke's pouch. These tumors are frequently misdiagnosed as oth … otic or calcified stroma. Immunohistochemistry highlighted the endocrine nature of the tumors, with synaptophysin (97%), CD56 (91%), NSE (76%) and chromogranin (71%); while pan-cytokeratin was positive in 79%, frequently with a dot-like Golgi accentuation (50%). Reactivity with pituitary hormones included 48% reactive for 2 or more hormones (plurihormonal), and …

Ectopic expression of neurogenin 3 in neonatal pig pancreatic precursor cells induces (trans)differentiation to functional alpha cells.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Neurogenin 3 (NEUROG3), a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is needed for endocrine cell development in the embryonic pancreas, has been shown to induce transdifferentiation of duct cells from adult pancreas towards a neuro-endocrine phenotype. Our study explored the endocrine transdifferentiation potential of NEUROG3 in neonatal pancreatic precursor cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A replication-deficient adenovirus expressing Neurog3 and green fluorescent protein (GFP) (Ad-NEUROG3) was used to infect neonatal pig pancreatic cell preparations enriched for endocri

Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter is expressed in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-containing astrocytes in rat pineal glands.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory amino acid and acts as an intercellular transmitter in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. In pineal glands, GABA is supposed to be a paracrine-like modulator of secretion of melatonin, although its mode of action, especially the sites of GABA signal appearance, is unknown. Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter (VIAAT) is a potential marker for the GABAergic phenotype. Here we presented evidence that VIAAT is expressed in GFAP-expressing astrocytes and a subpopulation of OX42-expressing microglia, but not in pinealocytes in c

Gangliocytic Paraganglioma with Carcinoma of the Ampulla of Vater.

The patient was a "73" -year-old woman who visited our hospital with the chief complaint of weight loss. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed an enlarged ampulla of Vater, and a biopsy led to a diagnosis of Group "4" gastric carcinoma; suspicious of adenocarcinoma. There were no findings suggesting invasion into the muscle layer of duodenum, despite tumor mass formation being observed in the sphincter of Oddi. We performed endoscopic papillectomy for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Pathologically, a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma existed in the superficial layer of the mucou

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… Okubo et al. reported the following: NSE was the most useful and synaptophysin the second most useful for epithelioid cells; S”100” was the most useful and NSE the second most useful for spindle cells; and synaptophysin was the most useful and NSE the second most useful for ganglion-like cells ( 11 ) … The immunostaining results of our case were also uniformly positive (NSE-positive, S”100”-positive, and synaptophysin-positive). However, making a diagnosis based on the biopsy findings alone is difficult. …

Progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons induced by unilateral rotenone infusion into the medial forebrain bundle.

Rotenone, a mitochondrial complex 1 inhibitor, causes oxidative damage via production of reactive oxygen species. We examined the pathophysiology of neuronal and glial cells of the nigrostriatal pathway following unilateral infusion of varying doses of rotenone into the substantia nigra or medial forebrain bundle of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, sacrificed 14 and 60 days after infusion. Immunofluorescence techniques were used to qualitatively and quantitatively assay dopaminergic neurons, their projections, glial cells, synapses, and oxidative stress. Rotenone infusion into the substantia ni

Anesthetized Long Evans rats show similar protein expression and long-term potentiation as Fischer 344 rats but reduced short-term potentiation in motor cortex.

A number of studies describe strain-related differences in the motor behavior of rats. Inbred albino F344 rats are found to be impaired in procedural spatial learning, skilled reaching, and over ground locomotion in relation to pigmented out bred Long Evans (LE) rats. These deficits could be related to the functional differences in the motor cortex of the two strains, and the objective of the present study was to examine this hypothesis. Synaptic transmission was examined in the two rat strains, using long-term potentiation (LTP) and short-term potentiation (STP), two electrophysiological meas

[Protective effect and mechanism of Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formula on damage to hippocampal synaptic microenvironment in rats with diabetes-related depression based on microglia-neuron crosstalk signal CD300f/TLR4].

This study aims to reveal the protective effect and mechanism of Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formula on the damage to hippo-campal synaptic micro … of rats were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The protein expressions of CD300f, TLR4, synaptophysin(SYN), and postsynaptic density protein 95(PSD-95) in microglial cells of the hippocampus were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot. The results indicated that compared with that in the normal group, the total movement distance in open fie …

Duration of fetoscopic spina bifida repair does not affect the central nervous system in fetal lambs.

BACKGROUND: Prenatal spina bifida aperta repair improves neurologic outcomes yet comes with a significant risk of prematurity and uterine sc … 5±156 vs 767±92 neurons/mm2; P=.04). There were neither differences in proliferation, astrogliosis, synaptophysin, or myelin. The tip of the cerebellar vermis was closer to the foramen magnum in animals undergoing the 2-port approach than in animals undergoing the 3-port approach (-0.72±0.67 vs -2.47±0.91 mm; P=.009). There was no significant difference in the …

Shenzao jiannao oral liquid, an herbal formula, ameliorates cognitive impairments by rescuing neuronal death and triggering endogenous neurogenesis in AD-like mice induced by a combination of Aβ42 and scopolamine.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Alzheimer's disease (AD) is identified as "fo … ctors of AD, protein levels of Aβ42, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, synaptophysin (SYP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurogenesis related proteins were assessed using Immunofluorescence (IF) and western blot analysis. In vitro, the AD cell model was established by transduction of APP695swe genes into Neural stem …

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the sinonasal tract.

BACKGROUND: Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a high grade, aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma with a predilection for t … fibrillary acidic protein, CK20, carcinoembryonic antigen, Leu7, and Ewing's marker. Chromogranin, synaptophysin, neurofibrillary protein, leukocyte common antigen, HMB-45, desmin, and Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein were absent. Surgical resection was the treatment of choice. Eight patients had recurrent or persistent tumor and metastatic disease o …

[Breast carcinoma in the man. Current results from the viewpoint of clinic and pathology].

Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant tumor in women, whereas it is rare in men. In our own case series the ratio is 175:1. The prese … be found in nearly every second tumor. However, when multiple markers were used (chromogranin A or synaptophysin) only 10% displayed such pattern, which corresponded to a positive hormone receptor status in each case. Quantitative (enzyme immunoassay) and semiquantitative (immunohistochemistry) analysis of steroid hormone receptor status was positive in 86% of …