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Interleukins in cancer: from biology to therapy.

Interleukins and associated cytokines serve as the means of communication for innate and adaptive immune cells as well as non-immune cells and tissues. Thus, interleukins have a critical role in cancer development, progression and control. Interleukins can nurture an environment enabling and favouring cancer growth while simultaneously being essential for a productive tumour-directed immune response. These properties of interleukins can be exploited to improve immunotherapies to promote effectiveness as well as to limit side effects. This Review aims to unravel some of these complex interactio

Transforming tumor microenvironments: nanotechnology and gene therapy in cellular signaling and epigenetic insight into chemo-resistance.

Chemoresistance remains the primary cause of cancer treatment failure, yet current understanding remains fragmented across isolated mechanistic studies. This review provides a unified framework linking tumor microenvironment (TME) signaling, epigenetic reprogramming, and nanotherapeutic intervention as an integrated axis driving and potentially reversing chemoresistance. We systematically examine how TME components: hypoxia (HIF-1α pathway), acidosis, cancer-associated fibroblasts (TGF-β/PDGF signaling), and immune cells (NF-κB-mediated immunosuppression) activate signaling cascades that direc

Genome-edited allogeneic CAR-T cells: the next generation of cancer immunotherapies.

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has revolutionized cancer immunotherapy, particularly in hematological malignancies. However, the clinical application of autologous CAR-T cells faces significant high cost and manufacturing challenges. Universal allogeneic CAR-T cells, derived from healthy donors, represent a promising solution to these obstacles. These "off-the-shelf" therapies aim to reduce the complexity and cost of CAR-T production. Despite exciting advancements in genome-editing technologies and promising clinical trial data, significant challenges remain, including graft-

Total Body Irradiation in Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Paediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: Review of the Literature and Future Directions.

Total body irradiation (TBI) has been a pivotal component of the conditioning regimen for allogeneic myeloablative haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in very-high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) for decades, especially in children and young adults. The myeloablative conditioning regimen has two aims: (1) to eradicate leukaemic cells, and (2) to prevent rejection of the graft through suppression of the recipient's immune system. Radiotherapy has the advantage of achieving an adequate dose effect in sanctuary sites and in areas with poor blood supply. However, radiotherapy

"Complimenting the Complement": Mechanistic Insights and Opportunities for Therapeutics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver and a leading cause of death in the US and worldwide. HCC remains a global health problem and is highly aggressive with unfavorable prognosis. Even with surgical interventions and newer medical treatment regimens, patients with HCC have poor survival rates. These limited therapeutic strategies and mechanistic understandings of HCC immunopathogenesis urgently warrant non-palliative treatment measures. Irrespective of the multitude etiologies, the liver microenvironment in HCC is intricately associated with chronic

The 44th Annual Meeting of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation: Physicians Oral Session

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Utilization of Stem Cells in Medicine: A Narrative Review.

Regenerative medicine holds significant promise for addressing diseases and irreversible damage that are challenging to treat with conventional methods, making it a prominent research focus in modern medicine. Research on stem cells, a key area within regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal capabilities, is expanding, positioning them as a novel therapeutic option. Stem cells, utilized in various treatments, are categorized based on their differentiation potential and the source tissue. The term 'stem cell' encompasses a broad spectrum of cells, which can be derived from embryonic tiss

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… iPSC technology is indeed being explored in hematology for various applications, including disease modeling, drug screening, and the potential generation of patient-specific HSCs for transplantation. iPSCs have been utilized to study disease mechanisms in conditions such as Fanconi anemia, Diamond-Blackfan …

Rice bran arabinoxylan compound as a natural product for cancer treatment - an evidence-based assessment of the effects and mechanisms.

ContextRice bran arabinoxylan compound (RBAC) is a natural immunomodulator with anticancer properties.ObjectiveThis study critically evaluates the available evidence on the biological pathways of RBAC and its effects on cancer treatment.MethodsThis secondary analysis of a scoping review includes studies evaluating the mechanisms of RBAC on healthy or malignant cells, animal models, or humans for cancer prevention or treatment. Data from randomized controlled trials on survival and quality of life outcomes were subjectd to meta analysis.ResultsThe evidence synthesis was based on 38 articles. RB

Более широкие соображения в отношении интеграции медицинских и стоматологических данных

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25th Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting: CNS-2016.

A1 Functional advantages of cell-type heterogeneity in neural circuits Tatyana O. Sharpee A2 Mesoscopic modeling of propagating waves in vis … otny P91 A full size mathematical model of the early olfactory system of honeybees Ho Ka Chan, Alan Diamond, Thomas Nowotny P92 Stimulation-induced tuning of ongoing oscillations in spiking neural networks Christoph S. Herrmann, Micah M. Murray, Silvio Ionta, Axel Hutt, Jérémie Lefebvre P93 Decision-specific sequences of neural activity in balanced random …

ACcurate COnsensus Reporting Document (ACCORD) explanation and elaboration: Guidance and examples to support reporting consensus methods.

BackgroundWhen research evidence is limited, inconsistent, or absent, healthcare decisions and policies need to be based on consensus amongst interested stakeholders. In these processes, the knowledge, experience, and expertise of health professionals, researchers, policymakers, and the public are systematically collected and synthesised to reach agreed clinical recommendations and/or priorities. However, despite the influence of consensus exercises, the methods used to achieve agreement are often poorly reported. The ACCORD (ACcurate COnsensus Reporting Document) guideline was developed to he

Tumor microenvironment signaling and therapeutics in cancer progression.

Tumor development and metastasis are facilitated by the complex interactions between cancer cells and their microenvironment, which comprises stromal cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, among other factors. Stromal cells can adopt new phenotypes to promote tumor cell invasion. A deep understanding of the signaling pathways involved in cell-to-cell and cell-to-ECM interactions is needed to design effective intervention strategies that might interrupt these interactions. In this review, we describe the tumor microenvironment (TME) components and associated therapeutics. We discuss t

Metabolic Rewiring in Radiation Oncology Toward Improving the Therapeutic Ratio.

To meet the anabolic demands of the proliferative potential of tumor cells, malignant cells tend to rewire their metabolic pathways. Although different types of malignant cells share this phenomenon, there is a large intracellular variability how these metabolic patterns are altered. Fortunately, differences in metabolic patterns between normal tissue and malignant cells can be exploited to increase the therapeutic ratio. Modulation of cellular metabolism to improve treatment outcome is an emerging field proposing a variety of promising strategies in primary tumor and metastatic lesion treatme

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… Vanpouille-Box C, Alard A, Aryankalayil MJ, Sarfraz Y, Diamond JM, Schneider RJ, et al. DNA exonuclease Trex1 regulates radiotherapy-induced tumour immunogenicity. Nat Commun (2017) 8:15618. 10.1038/ncomms15618 11. Formenti SC, Rudqvist NP, Golden E, Cooper B, Wennerberg E, Lhuillier C, et al. …

Development of Targeted Alpha Particle Therapy for Solid Tumors.

Targeted alpha-particle therapy (TAT) aims to selectively deliver radionuclides emitting α-particles (cytotoxic payload) to tumors by chelation to monoclonal antibodies, peptides or small molecules that recognize tumor-associated antigens or cell-surface receptors. Because of the high linear energy transfer (LET) and short range of alpha (α) particles in tissue, cancer cells can be significantly damaged while causing minimal toxicity to surrounding healthy cells. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated the remarkable efficacy of TAT in the treatment of metastatic, castration-resistant prosta

Pleuropulmonary Changes Induced by Drugs in Patients with Hematologic Diseases

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Targeting multiple signaling pathways: the new approach to acute myeloid leukemia therapy.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemia in adults and the second most common form of acute leukemia in children. Despite this, very little improvement in survival rates has been achieved over the past few decades. This is partially due to the heterogeneity of AML and the need for more targeted therapeutics than the traditional cytotoxic chemotherapies that have been a mainstay in therapy for the past 50 years. In the past 20 years, research has been diversifying the approach to treating AML by investigating molecular pathways uniquely relevant to AML cell prolife

Acute Pneumonia

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Targeted therapies in pediatric oncology: A start.

The treatment of cancers was revolutionized by the use of combination "conventional" chemotherapy, first in children, during the 20th century. That foundation of therapy, while having achieved significant advances in survival, has reached its limits. Innovations in targeted therapies are now building upon that foundation to further improve outcomes in pediatric oncology. These targeted agents are designed to narrowly utilize specific biologic processes for greater efficacy and optimally fewer generalized toxicities. I will provide an overview of the current spectrum of targeted therapies avail

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… Diamond L.K. Temporary remissions in acute leukemia in children produced by folic acid antagonist, 4-aminopteroyl-glutamic acid N. Engl. J. Med. 238 1948 787 793 10.1056/NEJM194806032382301 18860765 2 Aur R.J. Simone J. Hustu H.O. Walters T. Borella L. Pratt C. Pinkel D. …

Next-generation immunotherapeutic approaches for blood cancers: Exploring the efficacy of CAR-T and cancer vaccines.

Recent advancements in immunotherapy, particularly Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy and cancer vaccines, have significantly transformed the treatment landscape for leukemia. CAR-T cell therapy, initially promising in hematologic cancers, faces notable obstacles in solid tumors due to the complex and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Challenges include the heterogeneous immune profiles of tumors, variability in antigen expression, difficulties in therapeutic delivery, T cell exhaustion, and reduced cytotoxic activity at the tumor site. Additionally, the physical barriers w

Irish Endocrine Society 44th Annual Meeting.

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