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The management of type 2 inflammatory respiratory diseases: a Chinese expert consensus [2024].

BackgroundType 2 (T2) inflammatory respiratory diseases encompass a range of conditions characterized by inflammation affecting the airways and lung parenchyma, with their pathogenesis rooted in T2 inflammation. Biological treatments that mitigate T2 inflammation revolutionize the therapeutic landscape for these respiratory diseases. However, there are decision-making difficulties in terms of the target population, timing of initiation, and type selection for biological targeted therapy.MethodsSearch strategies were focused on relevant issues related to T2 inflammatory respiratory diseases fro

LOX-1 and cancer: an indissoluble liaison.

Recently, a strong correlation between metabolic disorders, tumor onset, and progression has been demonstrated, directing new therapeutic strategies on metabolic targets. OLR1 gene encodes the LOX-1 receptor protein, responsible for the recognition, binding, and internalization of ox-LDL. In the past, several studied, aimed to clarify the role of LOX-1 receptor in atherosclerosis, shed light on its role in the stimulation of the expression of adhesion molecules, pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, and pro-angiogenic proteins, including NF-kB and VEGF, in vascular endothelial cells and macroph

Application Of Adoptive Immunotherapy In Ovarian Cancer.

Ovarian cancer (OC) has been the most fatal gynecological disease that threatens women's health. Surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy are the basic ovarian cancer treatments that can improve survival, but the five-year survival rate has not improved because of delayed diagnosis, drug resistance, and recurrence. Novel treatments are needed to improve the prognosis and survival rate of ovarian cancer patients. In recent years, adoptive cell therapy (ACT) has received increasing attention as an emerging therapeutic strategy in the treatment of solid tumors including OC. ACT has shown promising

Molecular factors associated with lung cancer in people living with HIV.

Lung cancer is the most common Non-AIDS-Defining Cancer (NADC) and a leading cause of cancer-related death in People Living With HIV (PLWH). Despite antiretroviral therapy, PLWH are at higher risk of developing cancer compared to the general population. This increased susceptibility reflects a combination of immunosuppression, chronic inflammation, smoking, and direct oncogenic effects of HIV proteins. Tat, gp120, and Nef modulate cell cycle control, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. Persistent HIV reservoirs in lung tissue (mainly effector memory

The role of interleukin-17 in inflammation-related cancers.

Emerging evidence indicates a correlation between inflammation and the development and progression of cancer. Among the various inflammatory signals, interleukin-17 (IL-17) family cytokines serve as a critical link between inflammation and cancer. IL-17 is a highly versatile pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in host defense, tissue repair, the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, and cancer progression. During the early stages of tumorigenesis, IL-17 signaling directly promotes the proliferation of tumor cells. Conversely, IL-17 has been shown to exhibit antitumor immunity

Талидомид взаимодействует с воспалением в идиопатическом фиброзе легких.

" Трагедия Талидомида " является важной вехой в истории фармацевтической промышленности. Несмотря на ограниченные клинические испытания, прилагаются постоянные усилия по изучению Талидомида в качестве лекарства от рака и подстрекательских заболеваний, таких, как ревматуидный артрит, проказа, и COVID-19. В рамках этого обзора основное внимание уделяется возможностям борьбы с воспалением путем повторного использования талидомида для лечения идиопатического фиброза легких (ИПФ). Статьи были найдены в базе данных Scopus, сортированы и рассмотрены отдельные статьи. Содержание включает в с

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… Repeated tissue injuries cause AECs to undergo apoptosis and re-epithelialization, causing the recruitment of inflammatory cells and profibrogenic mediators, and subsequent ECM accumulation, leading to fibrosis. ECM: Extracellular matrix, EMT: Epithelial mesenchymal transition. … Repeated tissue injuries cause AECs to undergo apoptosis and re-epithelialization, causing the recruitment of inflammatory cells and profibrogenic mediators, and subsequent ECM accumulation, leading to fibrosis. ECM: Extracellular matrix, EMT: Epithelial mesenchymal transition. …

Polyphyllin I Inhibits the Metastasis of Cervical Cancer Through the Regulation of the β-Catenin Signaling Pathway.

Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer and cause of cancer-related mortality among women globally. It exhibits a recurrence/metastasis rate of approximately 30% and a dismal 5-year survival of only 17% in metastatic cases. Despite significant advancements in surgical techniques, chemoradiotherapy, and targeted therapies, effective treatment options for metastatic cervical cancer remain limited. This study explored Polyphyllin I (PPI), which is a monomeric compound derived from the Rhizoma of Paris Polyphyllin, as a potential inhibitor of cervical cancer metastasis. Mechanist

The complex regulation of TGF-β in cardiovascular disease.

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic cytokine with many and complex effects in cell and tissue physiology. This is made possible by a very complex and interwoven signaling system, whose regulation continues to be the focus of a growing line of research. This complex regulation translates to a key role in cardiovascular physiology, hemostasis, and the blood-vessel interface. In accordance with this, the TGF-β1 pathway appears to be deregulated in related disorders, such as atherosclerotic vascular disease and myeloproliferative syndromes. It is expected that the growing amount

Comprehensive Review of Cyclamen: Development, Bioactive Properties, and Therapeutic Applications.

Plants are being researched as potential sources of novel drugs, which has led to a recent acceleration in the discovery of new bioactive compounds. Research on tissue culture technology for the synthesis and processing of plant compounds has skyrocketed, surpassing all expectations. These plants can be bought either raw or as extracts, where some of the chemicals are extracted by mashing the plant in water, alcohol, or another solvent. The use of herbal medicine may open new chances for reducing the onset of infections and treating different diseases including cancer. A perennial plant that b

HDAC Inhibitors: Therapeutic Potential in Fibrosis-Associated Human Diseases.

Fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix and develops because of fibroblast differentiation during the process of inflammation. Various cytokines stimulate resident fibroblasts, which differentiate into myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts actively synthesize an excessive amount of extracellular matrix, which indicates pathologic fibrosis. Although initial fibrosis is a physiologic response, the accumulated fibrous material causes failure of normal organ function. Cardiac fibrosis interferes with proper diastole, whereas pulmonary fibrosis results in chronic hypo

Chimeric Antigen Receptor Design and Efficacy in Ovarian Cancer Treatment.

Our increased understanding of tumour biology gained over the last few years has led to the development of targeted molecular therapies, e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) antagonists, poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitors in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutants), increasing survival and improving the quality of life. However, the majority of ovarian cancer (OC) patients still do not have access to targeted molecular therapies that would be capable of controlling their disease, especially resistant or relapsed. Chimeric antigen rece

Emerging evidence of the molecular landscape specific for hematogenous metastasis from gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in the world. Most GC patients are diagnosed when the cancer is in an advanced stage, and consequently, some develop metastatic lesions that generally cause cancer-related death. Metastasis establishment is affected by various conditions, such as tumor location, hemodynamics and organotropism. While digestive cancers may share a primary site, certain cases develop hematogenous metastasis with the absence of peritoneal metastasis, and vice versa. Numerous studies have revealed the clinicopathological risk factors for hematogeno

Antifibrotic therapy for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.

BACKGROUND: Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms secondary to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) are a ubiquitous condition estimated to affect over 50% of men over the age of 50 years. Various treatment options exist for men presenting with LUTS/BPH, including lifestyle and behavioral modification and medical or surgical treatment. Although multiple medical treatments exist, innovation for the medical treatment of BPH has not significantly progressed. METHODS: A comprehensive narrative review was performed to evaluate prostate fibrosis as a contributor to LUTS/BPH and to identify potential anti

Metastatic Spread in Prostate Cancer Patients Influencing Radiotherapy Response.

Radiotherapy and surgery are curative treatment options for localized prostate cancer (PCa) with a 5-year survival rate of nearly 100%. Once PCa cells spread into distant organs, such as bone, the overall survival rate of patients drops dramatically. The metastatic cascade and organotropism of PCa cells are regulated by different cellular subtypes, organ microenvironment, and their interactions. This cross-talk leads to pre-metastatic niche formation that releases chemo-attractive factors enforcing the formation of distant metastasis. Biological characteristics of PCa metastasis impacting on m

Anti-Inflammatory Drugs as Anticancer Agents.

Inflammation is strictly associated with cancer and plays a key role in tumor development and progression. Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that inflammation can predispose to tumors, therefore targeting inflammation and the molecules involved in the inflammatory process could represent a good strategy for cancer prevention and therapy. In the past, several clinical studies have demonstrated that many anti-inflammatory agents, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are able to interfere with the tumor microenvironment by reducing cell migration and increasin

The role of heat shock protein 90 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: state of the art.

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP 90) and its isoforms are a group of homodimeric proteins that regulate several cellular processes, such as the elimination of misfolded proteins, cell development and post-translational modifications of kinase proteins and receptors. Due to its involvement in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling, myofibroblast differentiation and apoptosis, HSP 90 has been investigated as a key player in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common and deadly interstitial lung disease, due to the progressive distortion of lung parenchyma

Modulation of Angiogenic Processes by the Human Gammaherpesviruses, Epstein-Barr Virus and Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus.

Angiogenesis is the biological process by which new blood vessels are formed from pre-existing vessels. It is considered one of the classic hallmarks of cancer, as pathological angiogenesis provides oxygen and essential nutrients to growing tumors. Two of the seven known human oncoviruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), belong to the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily. Both viruses are associated with several malignancies including lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinomas, and Kaposi's sarcoma. The viral genomes code for a plethora of viral factors, includin

The Role of Irisin and Physical Activity in Breast Cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Irisin, a myokine released during physical activity, has been proposed as a mediator of exercise's protective effects against breast cancer (BC). This review underscores the critical role of irisin in mediating the anticancer effects of exercise and its potential application in BC prevention and prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studies published up to 2025 were identified in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Data from experimental models, clinical trials, and observational studies were analyzed with emphasis on exercise-induced irisin secretion and its effects on

Old Player-New Tricks: Non Angiogenic Effects of the VEGF/VEGFR Pathway in Cancer.

Angiogenesis has long been considered to facilitate and sustain cancer growth, making the introduction of anti-angiogenic agents that disrupt the vascular endothelial growth factor/receptor (VEGF/VEGFR) pathway an important milestone at the beginning of the 21st century. Originally research on VEGF signaling focused on its survival and mitogenic effects towards endothelial cells, with moderate so far success of anti-angiogenic therapy. However, VEGF can have multiple effects on additional cell types including immune and tumor cells, by directly influencing and promoting tumor cell survival, pr

The Anti-Cancer Effect of Polyphenols against Breast Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells: Molecular Mechanisms.

The high incidence of breast cancer in developed and developing countries, and its correlation to cancer-related deaths, has prompted concerned scientists to discover novel alternatives to deal with this challenge. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of polyphenol structures and classifications, as well as on the carcinogenic process. The biology of breast cancer cells will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-cancer activities of numerous polyphenols, against a wide range of breast cancer cells, in vitro and in vivo, will be explained in detail. The in