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Proteomic identification of resistin as a NET-associated neutrophil activity marker in sepsis.

BACKGROUND: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to organ dysfunction in sepsis, yet clinically accessible biomarkers reflecting NET-associated pathology remain limited. We sought to identify circulating proteins associated with NET formation and evaluate their clinical relevance in sepsis. METHODS: Unbiased proteomic profiling of stimulated human neutrophil supernatants and serum from murine sepsis was performed to identify proteins released during NET formation and elevated in vivo. Candidate biomarkers were selected through integration of these datasets and filtering based on c…

Mapping the immune environment: spatiotemporal dynamics in cardiovascular events.

Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of global mortality despite advances in revascularization, pharmacotherapy, and risk stratifi … immune activity can be resolved with increasing anatomical and temporal precision. Using neutrophil extracellular traps as a case study, we show how the same effector mechanism can exhibit different effects depending on the phase and microenvironment. Clinical trial experience with anti-inflammatory therapies further emphasizes the need to align target selection and …

Endothelial cell damage in patients with acute graft versus host disease receiving treatment with extracorporeal photopheresis.

INTRODUCTION: Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is a safe, effective treatment for steroid-refractory acute GVHD (SR-aGVHD). Endothelial da … in-3, TIM3); soluble C5b9 (sC5b9), for complement activation; and circulating dsDNA, for neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), were analyzed. The endothelial activation and stress index (EASIX) and C-reactive protein were evaluated. RESULTS: Before ECP, endothelial damage biomarkers were elevated in all patients, with no significant differences between GR and PR. A …

Interactions Between Circulating Tumor Cells and the Immune System in Colorectal Cancer: Friends or Foes?

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, mainly due to metastasis. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) act as the bi … C-I modulation, immune checkpoint expression (PD-L1, CD47, FasL), platelet cloaking, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Furthermore, we examine how CTCs form heterotypic clusters with monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, creating pro-metastatic niches and promoting phenotypic plasticity. The impact of CTCs on systemic immunity, including reprogramming of …

Physiopathology of fibrinolysis in sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation: Emerging mechanisms and pharmacological targets.

Septic shock represents the most severe form of an infection, marked by a dysregulated host response that can lead to multiple organ failure … g septic shock involves plasminogen degradation driven by neutrophil elastase carried by neutrophil extracellular traps circulating in patients' plasma. The failure to resolve this hypercoagulable state and restore hemostatic balance has emerged as a key determinant of poor outcomes in DIC. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms underlying fibrinolytic insufficiency i …

IL-32 drives PR3-dependent NET formation to promote portal vein tumor thrombosis and radioresistance in HCC.

BACKGROUND: IL-32 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine associated with chronic inflammation. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) contribute to thrombosis, tumor invasion, and metastasis. This study investigated whether IL-32 derived from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells induces NET formation, promotes portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT), and contributes to radiotherapy resistance. METHODS: Immunofluorescence was used to assess co-localization of IL-32 and NET markers in tumor tissues. Mass cytometry analyzed immune cell composition in the tumor microenvironment. Neutrophils from healthy donors …

Role of KLF4 in Neutrophil Aging in Periodontitis with Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and periodontitis (PD) are major interconnected health burdens, and the inflammatory interplay between them remain … ed secretion of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors, enhanced formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, and a metabolic reprogramming toward a glycolytic shift. Bioinformatics identified KLF4 as a key downregulated gene in comorbid MetS and PD. Adoptive transfer of MetS-derived or Klf4-deficient neutrophils into mice with periodontitis aggravated per …

Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review of Etiology, Pathophysiology, and Innovative Therapeutic Advancements.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent synovial inflammation, cartilage degradation, and bone … these challenges. Innovative therapeutic approaches, such as in situ hydrogels targeting neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), liposomal drug delivery systems enhancing bioavailability, and nanoparticle-based immune modulation, provide new hope for improving treatment efficacy and reducing systemic side effects. This review comprehensively explores RA's multifactori …

Bioinspired nanoparticles deliver DNase I to attenuate ulcerative colitis by degrading NETs and modulating PTGS2-mediated ER stress.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized clinically by recurrent abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea, for which there is currently a lack of curative therapeutic strategies. In recent years, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been identified as playing a key role in the pathogenesis of UC, emerging as a potential therapeutic target. Although deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) can exert therapeutic effects by degrading the DNA backbone of NETs, its clinical application is limited by inherent drawbacks, including poor in vivo stability, low bioavailability,…

Aging-Associated CCL8+ Senescent Macrophages Recruit CCR1+ Neutrophils to Promote NETs Formation and Impair Meningeal Lymphatic Drainage.

Meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) are essential for central nervous system (CNS) waste clearance and brain homeostasis, yet their functiona … trophils via the CCL8-CCR1 axis, promoting aberrant neutrophil recruitment and excessive neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation within meningeal lymphatic niches. These NETs structurally and functionally impair meningeal lymphatic drainage. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of CCR1 with BX471 or enzymatic degradation of NETs with DNase I restores menin …

Microfluidic Shear-Based Assay for Assessing ADAMTS13 Activity Under Flow.

A microfluidic system using the flow chamber techniques has long been utilized for thrombosis research. With the advent of technology, it ha … and DNA strings are stained with SytoxGreen to assess the formation and accumulation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Furthermore, by adding DNase I, recombinant ADAMTS13, or caplacizumab, the therapeutic effects of these agents can also be evaluated within the microfluidic system. In conclusion, the microfluidic shear-based assay is an excellent method for …

Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, and COVID-19: Microglia-Neutrophil Interaction.

Abnormal activation of the immune system and oxidative stress are crucial factors in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's diseas … inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, proteases, and oxidants, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). These processes are associated with the pathological activation of microglial cells, cell death, consequent influence on neuronal functions, or even neuronal death, which is a hallmark of CNS disorders. In this review, we address the importa …

Low-molecular-weight fucoidan inhibits HMGB1-induced thromboinflammation by modulating HMGB1-TLR4 axis.

Thromboinflammation is the pathological hallmark of diverse cardiovascular and inflammatory disorders. Platelets are the key effector cells … rupted HMGB1-driven platelet-leukocyte crosstalk as evident through reduced formation of neutrophil-extracellular traps. Further, LMF administration conferred cerebrovascular protection in mice by limiting HMGB1-driven thrombus growth, accompanied by marked reduction in cerebral infarction and systemic inflammation as reflected by decreased circulating IL-6 concentra …

Иммунопатогенез нейропсихиатрического системного волчанка эритематоза: текущее понимание подстрекательских и тромботических путей.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) — аутоиммунное заболевание, характеризующееся утратой иммунной терпимости, системным воспалением, производством самодисциплины и образованием иммунного комплекса. Нейропсихиатрическая системная волчанка (NPSLE) представляет собой одно из наиболее серьезных проявлений заболевания и может быть связана как с центральной, так и с периферийными нервными системами. Его патогенез по-прежнему не совсем понятен и отражает взаимосвязь между системным регулированием иммунной дисфункции, сосудистой травмой, дисфункцией мозга крови и CSF и местными нейро-воспалительными п

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by loss of immune tolerance, systemic inflammation, autoantibody p … of microglia, and neuronal dysfunction. Increasing evidence also highlights the role of neutrophil extracellular traps, complement activation, type I interferon signaling, and autoreactive lymphocytes in driving neuroinflammation.The heterogeneity of clinical manifestations and the diversity of underlying mechanisms make NPSLE a major diagnostic and therapeutic chal …

Context-dependent transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming shapes neutrophil antimicrobial and immunoregulatory functions in tuberculosis.

Inflammatory microenvironments regulate immune cell differentiation, activation, and programming. Although traditionally considered terminal … -CSF/IFN-γ-conditioned neutrophils produced higher IL-8 and IL-1β levels and formed more neutrophil extracellular traps. Additionally, plasma from patients with severe tuberculosis modulated TLR4, CCR7, and IP-10 expression in healthy neutrophils, indicating systemic inflammatory influences. These findings demonstrate that inflammatory conditioning induces coordinate …

Targeting Myeloid Trem2 Reprograms the Immunosuppressive Niche and Potentiates Checkpoint Immunotherapy in NASH-Driven Hepatocarcinogenesis.

Macrophages expressing Trem2 play a pivotal role in promoting nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH; also known as metabolic dysfunction-associ … that elevated Trem2 expression in NASH is positively correlated with the accumulation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) and infiltration of PD-1+Eomes+CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells. Myeloid-specific knockout of Trem2 (Trem2Δmye) led to impaired macrophage reprogramming, resulting in the accumulation of proinflammatory Ly6ChiCX3CR1lo macrophages, which enh …

Modulation of anti-tumour immunity by XPO1 inhibitors.

Exportin-1 (XPO1) is a nuclear export protein that, when overexpressed, can facilitate cancer cell proliferation and survival and is frequen … w, we describe how XPO1i can lead to a skewing of macrophage polarisation, inhibition of neutrophil extracellular traps, modulation of immune checkpoint expression, blockade of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and sensitisation of cancer cells to T cell and NK (natural killer) cell immunosurveillance. As such, there is an opportunity for selinexor to enhance …

Polymorphonuclear neutrophil depletion in ileal tissues reduces the immunopathology induced by Clostridioides difficile toxins.

INTRODUCTION: Clostridioides difficile, a leading cause of healthcare-associated infections, causes significant morbidity and mortality. Its … ge, highlighting potential therapeutic strategies targeting PMN regulation. Further research on PMN extracellular traps (NETs) and their role in CDI is necessary to develop comprehensive treatments. Future studies should focus on combined in vivo and in vitro approaches to fully understand the pathological mechanisms and identify effective biomarkers for CDI therapy.

Neutrophils are involved in the development and outcomes of plastic bronchitis associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.

BACKGROUND: Previous research has demonstrated a notable increase in neutrophil counts among pediatric patients with plastic bronchitis (PB) … -0.975], P < 0.001). Notably, there was a marked presence of neutrophil infiltration and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation in the blood, BALF, and cast samples from patients with PB. Furthermore, the levels of neutrophils and NETs correlated significantly with clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: A high level of neutrophils poses a risk for PB and demonstrat …

CFTR mutation leads to intrinsic dysfunction in neutrophils from people with Cystic Fibrosis.

Cystic fibrosis (CF), a common genetic disease, is caused by a defective CF-transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). People with CF (pwCF … microbial killing of CF neutrophils by potentiating NADPH oxidase activity and producing Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs). Together, our findings suggest that CFTR has an essential role in controlling neutrophil functions and that the CFTR modulators improve the health of pwCF by restoring the antimicrobial functions of CF neutrophils.