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Trends of Pathogenicity and Potential Risk Evaluation of Central African Mpox Variant to Cause Global Public Health Emergency: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

BACKGROUND: With the re-emergence of monkeypox (Mpox), it is vital for communities to assess and effectively respond to emerging outbreaks. This paper aims to review the potential of clade I Mpox to result in a widespread outbreak by assessing genetically enhanced virulence, transmission, and clinical manifestations. It highlights antiviral therapies, vaccine strategies, and public health initiatives that offer adaptive guidance for policy and management strategies. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search written in English was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, World Heal

A cleavage-gated terminal exposure-driven CRISPR-RCA self-amplifying system for ultra-fast DNA detection.

The one-pot detection technology based on nucleic acid isothermal amplification combined with CRISPR has a significant advantage in on-site … posure based on CRISPR and rolling circle amplification (AURORA), enabling ultra-fast and sensitive monkeypox virus (MPXV) detection. This method innovatively designs a dual-function probe (DF probe). In the presence of the target, the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a is activated, only cleaving the single-stranded DNA to expose the 3' terminal of the DF probe. …

Exploration of the integration of microbiology and immunology emerging topics into undergraduate medical education.

PURPOSE: Medical school educators face challenges determining which new and emerging topics to incorporate into medical school curricula, and how to do so. A study was conducted to gain a better understanding of the integration of emerging topics related to microbiology and immunology in the undergraduate medical curriculum (UME). METHODS: An anonymous survey with 17 questions was emailed to medical school faculty who teach immunology and/or microbiology through the DR-Ed listserv, the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) Connect listserv, and attendees of the Association of Medical School

Monkeypox (mpox) in immunosuppressed patients.

The World Health Organization (WHO) proclaimed a public health emergency in July 2022 due to the emergence of Mpox (formerly monkeypox) while the globe was still dealing with the COVID-19 epidemic. The characteristics of mpox in immunocompetent individuals are well-characterized, despite difficulties in diagnostics, immunization, and access to treatment that persist in low-income countries. Patients with weakened immune systems are more likely to spread an illness and die from it than healthy people because they cannot mount a protective immune response against it, such as a neutralizing IgG a

Changes in Sexual Behaviors Due to Mpox: a Cross-Sectional Study of Sexual and Gender Minority Individuals in Illinois.

The spread of the monkeypox virus (mpox) in 2022 primarily within the sexual networks of men who have sex with men (MSM) triggered a potentially stigmatizing public health response in the USA. Despite mpox being primarily spread through skin-to-skin contact, most messaging has promoted abstinence and/or reduction in sexual risk behaviors. More research is needed on decreases in sexual risk behaviors among sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth and young adults (YYA) related to the most recent mpox epidemic and whether there are factors associated with these decreases in sexual risk behavior. P…

Comparative Epidemiological Assessment of Monkeypox Infections on a Global and Continental Scale Using Logistic and Gompertz Mathematical Models.

The monkeypox virus (MPXV) has caused an unusual epidemiological scenario-an epidemic within a pandemic (COVID-19). Despite the inherent evolutionary and adaptive capacity of poxviruses, one of the potential triggers for the emergence of this epidemic was the change in the status of orthopoxvirus vaccination and eradication programs. This epidemic outbreak of HMPX spread worldwide, with a notable frequency in Europe, North America, and South America. Due to these particularities, the objective of the present study was to assess and compare cases of HMPX in these geographical regions through lo…

Immunogenicity of MVA-BN vaccine deployed as mpox prophylaxis: a prospective, single-centre, cohort study and analysis of transcriptomic predictors of response.

BACKGROUND: Since 2022, mpox has emerged as a global health threat, with two clades (I and II) causing outbreaks of international public health concern. The third generation smallpox vaccine modified vaccinia Ankara, manufactured by Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN), has emerged as a key component of mpox prevention. To date, the immunogenicity of this vaccine, including determinants of response, has been incompletely described, especially when MVA-BN has been administered intradermally at a fifth of the registered dose (so-called fractionated dosing), as recommended as a dose-sparing strategy. The aim

Orthopoxvirus-specific antibodies wane to undetectable levels 1 year after MVA-BN vaccination of at-risk individuals, the Netherlands, 2022 to 2023.

In response to the mpox outbreak in 2022 and 2023, widespread vaccination with modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN, also known as JYNNEOS or Imvanex) was initiated. Here, we demonstrate that orthopoxvirus-specific binding and MVA-neutralising antibodies waned to undetectable levels 1 year post vaccination in at-risk individuals who received two doses of MVA-BN administered subcutaneously with an interval of 4 weeks, without prior smallpox or mpox vaccination. Continuous surveillance is essential to understand the impact of declining antibody levels.

Four generations of probable person-to-person transmission of human monkeypox.

This paper examines an outbreak of five cases of human monkeypox which occurred in children belonging to two families living in the West Kasai region of Zaire during May-July 1983. Epidemiologic investigations suggest that the first case was infected from an animal source, possibly a monkey, and that each of the other four cases was infected from a previous human case. Three of these cases of presumed person-to-person transmission occurred in close household contacts. The other case infection occurred either by casual contact within the hospital compound, or possibly because of infection due t

Mpox outbreak associated with multiple sexual partnerships and HIV coinfection in Masaka District, Uganda, February-April 2025.

OBJECTIVES: Uganda experienced a substantial increase in mpox cases in early 2025, with notable clustering in central regions. The country reported approximately 4800 confirmed monkeypox (mpox) cases and 37 deaths, with the Masaka district contributing approximately 3% of the national burden. We investigated an outbreak in Masaka District to describe its epidemiology and identify associated risk factors. METHODS: We conducted an outbreak investigation with a descriptive epidemiological analysis and an unmatched case-control study. A suspected case was defined as onset of rash with fever and a

Бумажные биосенсоры для мониторинга обязательных, блокирующих и суррогатных нейтральных ответных мер против вирусных инфекций.

Важными показателями противовирусного иммунного состояния после инфицирования или иммунизации являются антитела, имеющие обязательную силу, и нейтрализация антител (nAbs). Они содержат дополнительную информацию о антивирусном юморальном иммунитете после инфекции или вакцинации. Антигенные антитела указывают на предыдущее воздействие и масштаб иммунной реакции, в то время как анализы на блокирование рецепторов и функциональную нейтрализацию позволяют определить, влияют ли антитела на вирусный вход или инфекцию. Обычные методы нейтрализации, такие, как испытания на нейтрализацию досках и испытан

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Virus-specific antibody responses, including binding antibodies and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), are important indicators of antiviral im … three platforms for monitoring antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2, influenza, dengue, Zika, and monkeypox viruses. Unlike previous reviews that mainly focus on general paper-based biosensor design or conventional nAb assays, this review emphasizes the distinction between antigen-binding, receptor-blocking, and surrogate neutralization readouts, and critically …

Mpox in People With HIV: Predictors of Diagnosis, Outcomes, and Vaccine Effectiveness in a Multisite Cohort.

INTRODUCTION: Since its global reemergence in 2022, monkeypox (mpox) has demonstrated increased incidence and severity among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV [PWH]). Predictors of mpox diagnosis, vaccination, and outcomes among PWH are limited. METHODS: We included PWH with primary care visits after 1 January 2022 at 9 US sites participating in the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinic Systems Network. We identified mpox diagnosed between 1 June 2022 and 31 May 2023, through a combination of polymerase chain reaction result, diagnosis code, and/or tecovirimat rec

Risk assessment of human mpox infections: retrospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: The global supply of vaccines against mpox (previously called monkeypox virus infection) was significantly lower than the demand. Therefore, evidence-based vaccine prioritization criteria, based on risk assessment were needed. Our objective was therefore to identify the characteristics of individuals at the highest risk for mpox. METHODS: This population-based cohort study included all Clalit Health Services (CHS) subjects assumed to be at risk for mpox. The eligibility criteria for inclusion were determined based on known characteristics of people with infection worldwide and ins…

A Single-Tube Two-Step MIRA-CRISPR/Cas12b Assay for the Rapid Detection of Mpox Virus.

Mpox is a zoonotic disease caused by the Mpox virus (MPXV). The rapid and accurate diagnosis of MPXV is essential for the timely and effective prevention, control, and treatment of the disease. In this study, we combined Multienzyme Isothermal Rapid Amplification (MIRA) (at 42 °C) and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 12b(CRISPR/Cas12b) (at 60 °C) to develop a single-tube two-step assay for rapid MPXV detection, leveraging the distinct physical states of tricosane at these temperatures. MIRA amplification primers and CRISPR/cas12b SgRNA were de

Vaccination strategies to achieve outbreak control for MPXV Clade I with a one-time mass campaign in sub-Saharan Africa: A scenario-based modelling study.

BACKGROUND: Limited mpox vaccination coverage, declining cross-protection from historical smallpox vaccination campaigns, and persistent zoonotic reservoirs leave many sub-Saharan countries susceptible to mpox outbreaks. With millions of vaccine doses made available to the region since late 2024 and the absence of country-specific guidelines for allocation, estimating the country-specific impact of one-time mass vaccination strategies is necessary for ongoing outbreaks and other countries at future risk. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We adapted a next generation matrix model to project disease transm

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Adult Vaccination Among Medical Students in Western India.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Immunization is one of the most effective public health interventions, significantly reducing morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases worldwide. While childhood vaccination programs are well-established, adult immunization remains underutilized, particularly in developing countries like India. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP), along with beliefs, misconceptions, and barriers related to adult vaccination among medical students in Western Rajasthan, specifically at Government Medical College, Pali, and to examine their associat

In Silico Design and Computational Characterization of Novel Chimeric Multiepitope Antigens for Mpox Serosurveillance: An Immunoinformatics Approach.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Monkeypox (Mpox) virus is a zoonotic Orthopoxvirus with a global outbreak that began in 2022, with more than 132,000 confirmed cases and 1500 deaths across over 128 countries. The pandemic preparedness pipeline emphasizes the importance of diagnostic surveillance of pathogens in at-risk populations to monitor transmission and mitigate the impact on public health. Current PCR-based diagnostics are limited in field-applicability, creating an urgent need for deployable serosurveillance tools. This is the first study aimed at designing and computationally characterizing no

Prevalence, characteristics, and clinical course of mpox-related ophthalmic disease (MBOTE-EYE): a prospective cohort study in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

BACKGROUND: Systematic longitudinal ophthalmologist-led assessment of mpox-related ophthalmic disease (MPOXROD) is rarely reported. We aimed … ical examination at enrolment, discharge, and days 29 and 59. Conjunctival swabs were collected for monkeypox virus PCR. Risk factors for MPOXROD were assessed using mixed-effects Poisson regression. FINDINGS: Between Oct 28, 2024, and June 30, 2025, 310 participants were enrolled (median age 14·0 years [IQR 2·5-25·0]; 166 [54%] female). At enrolment, conjunctiv …

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with mpox during the 2022 mpox outbreak compared with those before the outbreak: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

On 23 July 2022, the World Health Organization declared the global mpox outbreak as a public health emergency of international significance. The mpox virus (MPXV) that caused the outbreak was classified as clade IIb, which belongs to the West African clade. However, the relationship between MPXV clades and symptoms, as well as the severity of mpox outcomes, is not fully understood. Thus, we aimed to investigate the global mpox prevalence and the differences in clinical manifestations and outcomes among patients with mpox between pre-outbreak (2003-2021) and the current mpox outbreak. In this s