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Rapid pan-microbial metagenomics for pathogen detection and personalised therapy in the intensive care unit: a single-centre prospective observational study.

BACKGROUND: Most clinical metagenomic studies do not provide rapid results, detect pathogens from all microbial kingdoms, or measure clinica … c health were found in ten (14%) of 74 patients, including three invasive Group A streptococci, two parvovirus B19, and one each of HIV-1, measles virus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Neisseria meningitidis, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. INTERPRETATION: Respiratory metagenomics for ICU patients showed good performance and turnaround time, and diverse clinical an …

Reactive haemophagocytic syndrome in children with inflammatory disorders. A retrospective study of 24 patients.

BACKGROUND: The reactive haemophagocytic syndrome (RHS) is a little-known life-threatening complication of rheumatic diseases in children. I … n precipitated by infection in 11 cases (four Epstein-Barr virus, three varicella-zoster virus, one parvovirus B19, one Coxsackie virus, one Salmonella, one Pneumocystis carinii) and by the introduction of medication in three cases (Salazopyrin plus methotrexate; morniflumate; aspirin). Macrophage activation was indicated by high levels of monokines in the s …

Afucosylated IgG characterizes enveloped viral responses and correlates with COVID-19 severity.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are crucial for protection against invading pathogens. A highly conserved N-linked glycan within the IgG-Fc tail, which is essential for IgG function, shows variable composition in humans. Afucosylated IgG variants are already used in anticancer therapeutic antibodies for their increased activity through Fc receptors (FcγRIIIa). Here, we report that afucosylated IgG (approximately 6% of total IgG in humans) are specifically formed against enveloped viruses but generally not against other antigens. This mediates stronger FcγRIIIa responses but also amplifies br

Transfusion-transmitted disease.

Many patients with haemophilia are infected with viruses, due to treatment with blood products--particularly from large pool clotting factor concentrates before 1985. AIDS in haemophilic patients was first described in 1982 and it has significantly reduced the life expectancy of these patients. Although no new sero-conversions have occurred since 1986, management of HIV in haemophilia remains a clinical challenge. Transfusion-associated hepatitis was recognized in 1943, and it is now an important complication of haemophilia treatment. Vaccination against HAV is recommended. Intensively-treated

Safety and efficacy of a new octavalent combined Erysipelas, Parvo and Leptospira vaccine in gilts against Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona associated disease and foetal death.

The safety and protective efficacy of a new octavalent combination vaccine containing inactivated Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Parvovirus, and Leptospira interrogans (sensu lato) serogroups Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Australis (Bratislava), Grippotyphosa, Pomona and Tarassovi - Porcilis(®) Ery+Parvo+Lepto - was evaluated in laboratory studies and under field conditions. The safety (2× overdose and repeated dose) was tested in 26 gilts. In this study, neither vaccine related temperature increase nor other systemic reactions were observed after intramuscular vaccination. No local reactions …

Viral DNAemia and DNA Virus Seropositivity and Mortality in Pediatric Sepsis.

IMPORTANCE: Sepsis is a leading cause of pediatric mortality. Little attention has been paid to the association between viral DNA and mortality in children and adolescents with sepsis. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association of the presence of viral DNA with sepsis-related mortality in a large multicenter study. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study compares pediatric patients with and without plasma cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), parvovirus B19 (B19V), BK polyomavirus (BKPyV), human adenovirus (HAdV),…

Erythema Multiforme: A Presentation of COVID-19 Pneumonia.

Since its emergence in December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been detrimental worldwide. Although COVID-19 infection is pri … ies for mycoplasma, Lyme disease, Ehrlichia, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) were negative. Parvovirus DNA and chikungunya IgG, antinuclear antibody (ANA), and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) screens were negative. IgG for mycoplasma, dengue, and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) were positive. During all this time, the patient did not show cl …

[Familial predisposition and microbial etiology in dilated cardiomyopathy].

Cardiomyopathies are an important and diverse group of heart muscle diseases in which the heart muscle itself is structurally or functionall … atory heart disease leading to DCM. The infectious agents most often identified in DCM nowadays are parvovirus B19, human herpesvirus 3, and Epstein-Barr virus. Persistence of these viruses within the myocardium is associated with reduction of ejection fraction after 6 months. For patients with suspected inflammatory heart disease the immunohistochemical det …

Rituximab-associated infections.

After more than 10 years of use, rituximab has proven to be remarkably safe. However, accumulated evidence now suggests that under some circumstances it may significantly increase the risk of infections. This risk is difficult to quantify because of confounding factors (namely, concomitant use of immunosuppressive or chemotherapeutic agents and underlying conditions), as well as under-reporting. Increased number of infections has been documented in patients treated with maintenance rituximab for low-grade lymphoma and in patients with concomitant severe immunodeficiency, whether caused by huma

Normalising the position of mediastinum in children postpneumonectomy.

OBJECTIVES: To the extent that current recombinant clotting factor concentrates contain even trace amounts of human or animal protein, there is continuing potential for transmission of nonenveloped viruses, including hepatitis A, and parvovirus, and the theoretical potential for transmission of relatively unknown agents, such as prions (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, or its variant). Full-length antihaemophilic factor (recombinant), plasma/albumin-free method (rAHF-PFM; Advate), represents a novel pharmacotherapeutic option for the management of haemophilia A. This investigation was designed to di…

Current perspectives in transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases: emerging and re-emerging infections.

BACKGROUND: In August 2009, a group from the AABB (Stramer et al., Transfusion 2009;99:1S-29S, Emerging Infectious Disease Agents and their … low fever viruses-including vaccine breakthrough infections, miscellaneous arboviruses, XMRV, human parvoviruses/bocaviruses other than B19, and most recently the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, MERS-CoV) were added and 14 existing FSs updated (Anaplasma, Babesia, Bartonella, Erhlichia, chronic wasting disease-CWD, human prions other than vCJD, …

Close association of herpes zoster reactivation and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) diagnosis: case-control study of patients with SLE or noninflammatory musculoskeletal disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of infections, particularly the frequency of shingles and the timing of varicella zoster virus (VZV … treptococcal throat infection (p < 0.96), diarrhea/vomiting (p < 0.84), rash with fever (p < 0.07), parvovirus infection (p < 0.16), infection after surgery (p < 0.58), respiratory tract infection (p < 0.71), or ear (p < 0.09) and eye infection (p < 0.68) one year prior to diagnosis. A higher proportion of SLE patients had a history of urinary tract infectio …

Hydroxyurea dose optimisation for children with sickle cell anaemia in sub-Saharan Africa (REACH): extended follow-up of a multicentre, open-label, phase 1/2 trial.

BACKGROUND: Realizing Effectiveness Across Continents with Hydroxyurea (REACH) is an open-label non-randomised trial of hydroxyurea (hydroxy … . Serious adverse events were uncommon (3·6 per 100 patient-years) and included malaria infections, parvovirus-associated anaemia, sepsis, and stroke, with no treatment-related deaths. INTERPRETATION: Hydroxyurea dose escalation to MTD with dose optimisation significantly improved clinical responses and treatment outcomes, without increasing toxicities in c …

Pure red cell aplasia and minimal residual disease conversion associated with immune reconstitution in a patient with high-risk multiple myeloma.

A second bone marrow aspiration and biopsy showed pure red cell aplasia in this case.

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… Immune reconstitution and survival of patients with parvovirus B19 related pure red cell aplasia after haplo‐PBSCT. Ann Hematol. 2022;101(6):1333‐1342. 14. Intalapaporn P, Poovorawan Y, Suankratay C. … Immune reconstitution syndrome associated with parvovirus B19‐induced pure red cell aplasia during highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Infect. 2006;53(2):e79‐e82. 15. Ye R, Kundrapu S, Gerson SL, et al. …

Evidence for the use of intravenous immunoglobulins--a review of the literature.

Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) were first introduced in the middle of the twentieth century for the treatment of primary immunodeficiencies. In 1981, Paul Imbach noticed an improvement of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, in patients receiving IVIg for immunodeficiencies. This opened a new era for the treatment of autoimmune conditions with IVIg. Since then, IVIg has become an important treatment option in a wide spectrum of diseases, including autoimmune and acute inflammatory conditions, most of them off-label (not included in the US Food and Drug Administration recommendation). A panel

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… Good response [ 116 ] Case report 1 g/kg IVIg 34-year-old male with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and parvovirus-B19-induced red cell aplasia Good response [ 117 ] Case report 2 g/kg IVIg (Intragam, CSL) over 5 days Male patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and parvovirus-B19-induced … IVIg is first-line therapy in immunosuppressed hosts in which infection with parvovirus B19 results in pure red cell aplasia. …

Risk factors and current state of therapy for anemia after kidney transplantation.

Post-transplant anemia is one of the most common complications in kidney transplant recipients, severely affecting patient prognosis and quality of life, and is an independent predictor of graft kidney loss and patient mortality. However, our clinical understanding and the attention given to post-transplant anemia are currently insufficient. This paper reviews the current status, risk factors, and therapeutic progress in anemia after transplantation in kidney transplant recipients. We recommend that clinical staff pay attention to anemia and its complications in kidney transplant recipients an

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… Infection with parvovirus B19 must be strongly suspected when refractory and severe anemia with reticulocytopenia develops after transplantation ( 61 ). … Epidemiology of parvovirus B19 and anemia among kidney transplant recipients: a meta-analysis. Urol Ann 12:241–7. doi: 10.4103/UA.UA_89_19, PMID: 60. Hai AH, Diem HT, Cuong NT. (2019). Parvovirus B19-associated Anemia in kidney transplant recipients: a single-center experience. …

An Extensive Review on Preclinical and Clinical Trials of Oncolytic Viruses Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer.

Chemotherapy resistance and peculiar tumor microenvironment, which diminish or mitigate the effects of therapies, make pancreatic cancer one of the deadliest malignancies to manage and treat. Advanced immunotherapies are under consideration intending to ameliorate the overall patient survival rate in pancreatic cancer. Oncolytic viruses therapy is a new type of immunotherapy in which a virus after infecting and lysis the cancer cell induces/activates patients' immune response by releasing tumor antigen in the blood. The current review covers the pathways and molecular ablation that take place

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… The information related to both clinical trial studies is provided in Table 2 . 3.2.5 Parvovirus Parvovirus is a member of the Parvoviridae family. It is a non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA virus, having a genome size of 5100 bases. … The antitumor efficacy of parvovirus vectoring cyto/chemokines (IL-2, MCP-3/CCL7 and IP-10/CXCL10) was assessed in pancreatic cancer xenograft. parvovirus armed with IL-12 shows a strong antitumor response than the other two variants ( 210 ). …

Review: Oncolytic virotherapy, updates and future directions.

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are viral strains that can infect and kill malignant cells while spare their normal counterparts. OVs can access cells through binding to receptors on their surface or through fusion with the plasma membrane and establish a lytic cycle in tumors, while leaving normal tissue essentially unharmed. Multiple viruses have been investigated in humans for the past century. IMLYGIC™ (T-VEC/Talimogene Laherparepvec), a genetically engineered Herpes Simplex Virus, is the first OV approved for use in the United States and the European Union for patients with locally advanced or no

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… The gene encoding the nonstructural protein of B19 (human) parvovirus may be lethal in transfected cells. J Virol. 1988;62:2884–89. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.8.2884-2889.1988. 99. Rayet B, Lopez-Guerrero JA, Rommelaere J, Dinsart C. … Combination of intravenous and intracerebral injection of oncolytic parvovirus H-1 in a phase I/IIA clinical trial of patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: penetration of H-1 virus across the blood-brain barrier. …

Combinatorial Approaches for Cancer Treatment Using Oncolytic Viruses: Projecting the Perspectives through Clinical Trials Outcomes.

Recent cancer immunotherapy breakthroughs have fundamentally changed oncology and revived the fading hope for a cancer cure. The immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) became an indispensable tool for the treatment of many malignant tumors. Alongside ICI, the application of oncolytic viruses in clinical trials is demonstrating encouraging outcomes. Dozens of combinations of oncolytic viruses with conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy are widely used or studied, but it seems quite complicated to highlight the most effective combinations. Our review summarizes the results of clinical trials eva

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… Parvoviruses Parvoviruses are a family of human and animal viruses with linear, single-stranded DNA genomes. Compared to many viruses, the parvovirus virion is small with a diameter of 23–28 nm. Its genome is enclosed in an icosahedral capsid that has a rugged surface. … It is known that parvoviruses can replicate in tumor cells to cause their lysis [ 180 , 181 , 182 ]. The rat H-1 parvovirus (H-1PV strain) was shown to exhibit oncolytic activity against preclinical glioma models, through both direct oncolysis and stimulation of anticancer immune responses. …

Adding recombinant AAVs to the cancer therapeutics mix.

Gene therapy is a powerful biological tool that is reshaping therapeutic landscapes for several diseases. Researchers are using both non-viral and viral-based gene therapy methods with success in the lab and the clinic. In the cancer biology field, gene therapies are expanding treatment options and the possibility of favorable outcomes for patients. While cellular immunotherapies and oncolytic virotherapies have paved the way in cancer treatments based on genetic engineering, recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV), a viral-based module, is also emerging as a potential cancer therapeutic thr

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… Oncolytic parvoviruses: from basic virology to clinical applications. Virol. J. 2015;12:6. doi: 10.1186/s12985-014-0223-y. 66. Adeyemi R.O., Landry S., Davis M.E., Weitzman M.D., Pintel D.J. Parvovirus minute virus of mice induces a DNA damage response that facilitates viral replication. … Activation of a glioma-specific immune response by oncolytic parvovirus Minute Virus of Mice infection. Cancer Gene Ther. 2012;19:468–475. doi: 10.1038/cgt.2012.20. 72. Hartley A., Kavishwar G., Salvato I., Marchini A. A roadmap for the success of oncolytic parvovirus-based anticancer therapies. …