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Early Developmental Trajectories of Functional Connectivity Along the Visual Pathways in Rhesus Monkeys.

Early social interactions shape the development of social behavior, although the critical periods or the underlying neurodevelopmental processes are not completely understood. Here, we studied the developmental changes in neural pathways underlying visual social engagement in the translational rhesus monkey model. Changes in functional connectivity (FC) along the ventral object and motion pathways and the dorsal attention/visuo-spatial pathways were studied longitudinally using resting-state functional MRI in infant rhesus monkeys, from birth through early weaning (3 months), given the socioem…

The influence of bus and taxi drivers' public self-consciousness and social anxiety on aberrant driving behaviors.

The study examined how bus and taxi drivers' public self-consciousness interacted with social anxiety to influence their aberrant driving behaviors. Questionnaires were distributed to 331 male and female Taiwanese bus and taxi drivers whose working environment involves frequent and direct interaction with passengers. Questionnaire statements measured drivers' dispositional public self-consciousness and social anxiety, and their intentions and driving behaviors related to speeding, errors and violations. The study utilized a mediating model and path analysis explored causal relationships betwee

ADHD, Lifestyles and Comorbidities: A Call for an Holistic Perspective - from Medical to Societal Intervening Factors.

The review examines Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD in its Child and Adult form) and its various presentations (Hyperactive Impulsive, Inattentive, and Combined) with a particular focus on environmental (incl. social factors), lifestyles and comorbidities. It is argued that ADHD is best understood in a holistic and interactive context and a vast empirical literature is presented to illustrate the point: Environmental factors include stress in general as well as exposure to toxins (phthalates, bisphenol A). Social factors are illustrated by effects of social deprivation and seduc

No effects of psychosocial stress on memory retrieval in non-treated young students with Generalized Social Phobia.

Generalized Social Phobia (GSP) is a common anxiety disorder that produces clear social life disruptions. There is no consensus on the specific processes involved in its development, but the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has been suggested. This study analyzed the effects of the cortisol response to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) on the memory retrieval of pictures with different emotional valences in 45 non-treated young students with GSP and 50 non-anxious (NA) subjects (mean=19.35years, SD=0.18). No differences were found in the cortisol response of GSP and NA s

Anxiety, emotional security and the interpersonal behavior of individuals with social anxiety disorder.

BACKGROUND: Interpersonal functioning is central to social anxiety disorder (SAD). Empirical examinations of interpersonal behaviors in indi … hed normal controls (n=40). Participants monitored their behavior and affect in naturally occurring social interactions using an event-contingent recording procedure. RESULTS: Individuals with SAD reported higher levels of submissive behavior and lower levels of dominant behavior relative to controls. Consistent with cognitive-behavioral and evolutionary theories, …

Maintaining face in the presentation of depression: constraining the therapeutic potential of the consultation.

This article discusses the concerns of patients diagnosed with depression to preserve 'face' in social and medical encounters. The findings are from a qualitative study of patient and GP accounts of the presentation, recognition and treatment of depression. Medical consultations are difficult encounters to accomplish successfully, especially for patients, who often strive to protect their privacy and personal integrity through the maintenance of face. Face work reveals the concern of participants to contribute to the success of the consultation as a social interaction. Patients' strategy of ma…

Normal male childhood and adolescent sexual interactions: implications for sexual orientation of the individual with intersex.

Data provided by 24 adult men, 20 heterosexual and four homosexual, concerning parental, religious, geographic and explicit sexual innuendos … of conditioning and choice in sexual orientation. Regarding the intersexed male, this suggests that social interactions, particularly those provided by parents, have a major influence on the development of sexual orientation in the child, while all persons involved in these children's lives and particularly those who nurture must be prepared for any sexual orientati …

Gestational diabetes mellitus complicated with depression in pregnant women: a biopsychosocial analysis and intervention strategies.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and influencing factors of comorbid depression in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), analyze their interaction effects, and propose targeted intervention strategies. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 746 pregnant women who underwent regular prenatal examinations at our hospital from March 2022 to March 2024. All participants were screened for GDM using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Based on GDM diagnosis, the cohort was divided into GDM and non-GDM groups, wi

Social mechanisms of maternal health service use among pregnant women facing intersecting vulnerabilities in Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Maternal health services, such as antenatal care (ANC) and institutional delivery, may reduce maternal and child health burdens. However, disparities in service coverage persist across Ethiopia. Pregnant women experiencing intersecting vulnerabilities face particularly significant barriers to accessing care. Understanding how social contexts shape maternal care-seeking behaviours can provide valuable insights into supporting underserved pregnant women, offering guidance for future research and practice. This study examines the influence of social and gender norms, as well as spou

Validity of a brief egocentric social network assessment in adults with alcohol use disorder: Direct comparison of 5-alter and 20-alter versions.

Objective: Social network analysis offers a high-resolution framework for understanding social influences on alcohol use, but full-length assessments confer significant burden, giving rise to brief measures. However, few studies have empirically compared brief and full-length assessments. To address this, the present study examined the internal and external validity of both brief and full egocentric social network assessments and their ability to capture weak social ties. Method: In 405 adults (57.5% female) with alcohol use disorder, a full egocentric social network assessment estimated drink

Developing a population-based proxy score of social developmental delay for pre-school children in a lower-middle income country.

BACKGROUND: The distribution of early social developmental delays, which are often associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is not we … l developmental delays, indicated by 3 or more domains of concern relating to learning behavior and social interaction. Sixty-five percent had one or two domains of possible concern, with scores in domains relating to learning behavior being the most common. Differences across sex, age, urbanicity, and socioeconomic status were not significantly associated with dela …

Involvement and regulation of the left anterior cingulate cortex in the ultrasonic communication deficits of autistic mice.

INTRODUCTION: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of diseases often characterized by poor sociability and challenges in social communication. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a core brain region for social function. Whether it contributes to the defects of social communication in ASD and whether it could be physiologically modulated to improve social communication have been poorly investigated. This study is aimed at addressing these questions. METHODS: Fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) mutant and valproic acid (VPA)-induced ASD mice were used. Male-female social interaction w…

Negative life events and depression in adolescents with HIV: a stress and coping analysis.

The prevalence of negative life events (NLE) and daily hassles, and their direct and moderated associations with depression, were examined among HIV-infected adolescents. Specifically, we examined whether the negative association with depression of NLE, daily hassles, and/or passive coping were moderated by social support or active coping strategies. Demographic characteristics, depression, coping, social support, NLE, and daily hassles were collected at baseline as part of the Adolescent Impact intervention via face-to-face and computer-assisted interviews. Of 166 HIV-infected adolescents, 53

Social functioning of people with head and neck cancer after treatment: A qualitative study.

PURPOSE: People with head and neck cancer face changes in appearance, difficulties swallowing, and communication challenges, which can limit their social functioning and impact interpersonal relationships, self-esteem, and work performance. The literature on how post-treatment changes affect social functioning remains limited. This study aims to explore the social functioning experiences of people with head and neck cancer after treatment. METHOD: A qualitative research design with purposive sampling was employed to recruit head and neck cancer patients from a medical center in central Taiwan

Streaming to Connect: Exploring How Social Connectedness Relates to Empathy Types and Physiological States in Remote Virtual Audiences.

Examining remote virtual audiences is a vital part of understanding social experiences in modern human-computer interaction contexts. Doing so raises intriguing questions about how these mediated connections relate to emotional and physiological states. The vagus nerve is central to socioemotional processing and physiological well-being, with its activation represented as vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV). We examine how participants' social connectedness to virtual partners relates to their experience of socioemotional competences and psychophysiological states while observing s

Понимание стигматизации при множественном склерозе: дискриминация на рабочем месте, социальные проблемы и психологические последствия.

ЦЕЛЬ: Стигматизация у пациентов с РС является важной проблемой, затрагивающей социальное взаимодействие, трудовую жизнь и повседневную жизнь. В этом исследовании мы изучили распространенность, серьезность и особенно последствия стигматизации для трудовой жизни пациентов с РС. МЕТОДЫ: В ходе перекрестного исследования 420 человек, живущих с MS (PwMS), была проведена оценка стигматизации с использованием короткометражной формы NeuroQoL Stigma и обследования прямой стигматизации. Демографические, клинические, рабочие и социальные данные собирались в рамках онлайнового обследования. Был проведен с

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BACKGROUND: Stigmatization in MS patients is an important problem that affects social interaction, work life and daily life. In this study, we investigated the prevalence, severity and especially the effects of stigmatization on work life in MS patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 420 people living with MS (PwMS) assessed stigma using the NeuroQoL …

Adaptive behavior and psychiatric symptoms in university students with ASD: One-year longitudinal study.

In recent years, more young adults with ASD are attending post-secondary education, and several support programs have been proposed for this … n a university support program and resided with a peer mentor student without ASD, which encouraged social interaction. At T1, students with ASD reported lower levels of adaptive behavior and higher levels of social anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms compared to the other groups. However, at follow-up (T2), significantly higher conceptual adaptive skill level …

Paroxetine-Overview of the Molecular Mechanisms of Action.

In the 21st century and especially during a pandemic, the diagnosis and treatment of depression is an essential part of the daily practice of many family doctors. It mainly affects patients in the age category 15-44 years, regardless of gender. Anxiety disorders are often diagnosed in children and adolescents. Social phobias can account for up to 13% of these diagnoses. Social anxiety manifests itself in fear of negative social assessment and humiliation, which disrupts the quality of social functioning. Treatment of the above-mentioned disorders is based on psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy.

'Employ Your Mind': a pilot evaluation of a programme to help people with serious mental illness obtain and retain employment.

OBJECTIVE: Cognitive impairments contribute to difficulty in obtaining employment for people with severe mental illnesses (SMIs). We describe a pilot evaluation of a programme, Employ Your Mind (EYM), which integrates cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) with vocational rehabilitation. METHOD: Sixty participants with SMIs enrolled in EYM, a 6-month programme that combines CRT exercises, individual project work and group reflection sessions about social interaction and cognitive functioning. Participants completed assessments of cognitive function (Audio Recorded Cognitive Screen, Wechsler Digi…

The role of COMT and plasma proline in the variable penetrance of autistic spectrum symptoms in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

This paper examines how COMT158 genotypes and plasma proline levels are associated with variable penetrance of social behavioural and social cognitive problems in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). Severity of autistic spectrum symptoms of 45 participants with 22q11DS was assessed using the Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised. Face and facial emotion recognition was evaluated using standardized computer-based test-paradigms. Associations with COMT158 genotypes and proline levels were examined. High proline levels and poor face recognition in individuals with the COMTMET allele, and poor faci