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Therapeutic and immunomodulatory effects of Bojungikki-tang on cancer: a scoping review.

BackgroundCancer remains a major global health concern, with conventional treatments often limited by side effects and resistance. Bojungikki-tang (BJIKT), a traditional herbal formula, has shown promise in alleviating cancer-related symptoms and enhancing anti-cancer effects when combined with conventional treatments. As immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have become the standard for cancer treatment, a combination of BJIKT and ICIs may exhibit immune-mediated anti-cancer effects. This review aims to summarize the recent evidence on BJIKT use in cancer treatment, investigate its immunomodula

Effusion cytology of EBV-associated lymphoma: a concise review.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphomas can, on rare occasions, involve body cavities, making effusion cytology an important diagnostic tool. This mini-review explores the spectrum of EBV-related lymphomas that may be detected in serous fluids, including EBV-positive nodal T/NK-cell lymphoma (EBV + nT/NKCL), extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, primary effusion lymphoma, EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and classic Hodgkin lymphoma. We present an index case of EBV + nT/NKCL with lymphomatous pleural effusion and discuss the cytologic features, differential diagnoses, and role of anc

Plasma микроRNA Подпись как предсказательный знак клинической реакции на терапию во время множественного склероза.

ЦЕЛЬ: Несмотря на наличие эффективных методов лечения множественного склероза (MS), непредсказуемый характер развития заболеваний и изменчивость результатов индивидуального лечения требуют надежных биомаркеров. Цель этого экспериментального исследования заключается в изучении потенциала плазмы, циркулирующей микроРНК (миРНК), в качестве биомаркеров-метилфумаратов для клинической реакции на диметил-фумарат (ДМП), широко применяемой пероральной обработки НР. МЕТОДЫ: Образцы периферальной крови были взяты из nineteen лиц с повторными выбросами MS (PwRRMS) до и после 3, 6, 12, и 24 месяцев управле

Comparison of CAR T-cell and bispecific antibody as third-line or later-line treatments for multiple myeloma: a meta-analysis.

BackgroundCAR-T-cell therapy and bispecific antibody have revolutionized the treatment landscape for multiple myeloma. However, there is currently a lack of studies comparing the efficacy and safety of these two approaches. This meta-analysis assesses the efficacy and safety of B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed CAR-T-cell therapies and BCMA×CD3 bispecific antibodies as third-line or later interventions for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases up to May 31, 2024, identifying 11 eligible studies encompassing

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… Conversely, an optimal bispecific antibody is characterized by the presence of one to two high-affinity sites for tumor-associated antigens and a single, lower-affinity sites for the CD3 complex. 11 44 45 BsAbs that target BCMA and CD3 have demonstrated robust efficacy in the treatment of patients with …

Teclistamab for Multiple Myeloma: Clinical Insights and Practical Considerations for a First-in-Class Bispecific Antibody.

Teclistamab is a BCMAxCD3 bispecific antibody, the first approved for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Given its impressive efficacy in heavily pretreated patients and better accessibility compared to BCMA-directed CAR T cells, teclistamab is sure to become a staple of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma therapy. Teclistamab carries a set of notable adverse effects including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), infections, and neurotoxicity for which providers must take unique precautions and prophylactic measures. Here, we review the preclinical and clinical data, which

Killers at the crossroads: The use of innate immune cells in adoptive cellular therapy of cancer.

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is an approach to cancer treatment that involves the use of antitumor immune cells to target residual disease in patients after completion of chemo/radiotherapy. ACT has several advantages compared with other approaches in cancer immunotherapy, including the ability to specifically expand effector cells in vitro before selection for adoptive transfer, as well as the opportunity for host manipulation in order to enhance the ability of transferred cells to recognize and kill established tumors. One of the main challenges to the success of ACT in cancer clinical trials

Organ-specific response after low-dose interleukin-2 therapy for steroid-refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease.

Despite new therapeutic options, treatment of steroid-refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease (SR-cGVHD) remains challenging as organ involvement and clinical manifestations are highly variable. In previous trials of low-dose interleukin-2 (LD IL-2), we established the safety and efficacy of LD IL-2 for the treatment of SR-cGVHD. In the present report, we combined five phase 1 or 2 clinical trials conducted at our center to investigate organ-specific response rate, coinvolvement of organs, predictors of organ-specific response, and its possible association with immune response. For the 10

Immunotherapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Literature Review of Emerging Strategies.

In the last twenty years, we have witnessed a paradigm shift in the treatment and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), thanks to the introduction of new efficient drugs or approaches to refine old therapies, such as Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin, CPX 3-5-1, hypomethylating agents, and Venetoclax, the optimization of conditioning regimens in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the improvement of supportive care. However, the long-term survival of non-M3 and non-core binding factor-AML is still dismal. For this reason, the expectations for the recently developed immunotherapies,

A circulating subpopulation of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells as an independent prognostic/predictive factor in untreated non-small lung cancer patients.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) represent a heterogeneous population of cells with immunosuppressive properties and might confer to worse prognosis in cancer patients. The presence of phenotypically newly described subpopulations of MDSCs and their association with the clinical outcome were investigated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The percentages and correlation between MDSCs and distinct immune cells in the peripheral blood of 110 chemotherapy-naive patients before treatment and healthy controls were investigated using flow cytometry. Two monocytic [CD14(+)CD15(-)

Novel agents and regimens for hematological malignancies: recent updates from 2020 ASH annual meeting.

Antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells (CAR-T) are increasingly used for cancer immunotherapy. Small molecule inhibitors targeting cellular oncoproteins and enzymes such as BCR-ABL, JAK2, Bruton tyrosine kinase, FLT3, BCL-2, IDH1, IDH2, are biomarker-driven chemotherapy-free agents approved for several major hematological malignancies. LOXO-305, asciminib, "off-the-shelf" universal CAR-T cells and BCMA-directed immunotherapeutics as well as data from clinical trials on many novel agents and regimens were updated at the 2020 American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeti

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Revolution Remodeling Immunity to Conquer Autoimmune Disease.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, a groundbreaking technology in tumor immunotherapy, has demonstrated unprecedented potential in the field of autoimmune diseases in recent years. This article provides a systematic review of the developmental trajectory and core concepts of CAR-T-cell therapy in autoimmune diseases, emphasizing its conceptual evolution from traditional "killing" strategies to "precision immune remodeling". Leveraging multitarget approaches (e.g., CD19 and B-cell maturation antigen) and chimeric autoantigen receptor technology, it achieves efficient elimination

Current State of Human Gene Therapy: Approved Products and Vectors.

In the realm of gene therapy, a pivotal moment arrived with Paul Berg's groundbreaking identification of the first recombinant DNA in 1972. This achievement set the stage for future breakthroughs. Conditions once considered undefeatable, like melanoma, pancreatic cancer, and a host of other ailments, are now being addressed at their root cause-the genetic level. Presently, the gene therapy landscape stands adorned with 22 approved in vivo and ex vivo products, including IMLYGIC, LUXTURNA, Zolgensma, Spinraza, Patisiran, and many more. In this comprehensive exploration, we delve into a rich ass

A concise review on factors influencing the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation main outcomes.

Background and aimsAs a curative procedure, hematopoietic stemcell transplantation (HSCT) is an approved treatment for many malignant orbenign hematologic and non-hematologic diseases. There are different outcomes of HSCT, as well as several parameters influencing these outcomes.MethodsWe had searched scientific sources like Web ofScience and PubMed with a combination of keywords such as HSCT, engraftment,survival, outcomes, etc. Totally, 80 articles were included.ResultsHere we have reviewed the effective factors onmain outcomes of HSCT including engraftment, survival, graft versus hostdiseas

Rapid Progress in Immunotherapies for Multiple Myeloma: An Updated Comprehensive Review.

Despite rapid advances in treatment approaches of multiple myeloma (MM) over the last two decades via proteasome inhibitors (PIs), immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), their efficacies are limited. MM still remains incurable, and the majority of patients shortly relapse and eventually become refractory to existing therapies due to the genetic heterogeneity and clonal evolution. Therefore, the development of novel therapeutic strategies with different mechanisms of action represents an unmet need to achieve a deep and highly durable response as well as to improve pa

34th Annual Meeting & Pre-Conference Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2019): part 1 : National Harbor, MD, USA. 6-10 November 2019.

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One-Year Follow-Up of Natural Killer Cell Activity in Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated With Adjuvant Lenalidomide Therapy.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a proliferation of tumoral plasma B cells that is still incurable. Natural killer (NK) cells can recognize and kill MM cells in vitro and can limit MM growth in vivo. Previous reports have shown that NK cell function is impaired during MM progression and suggested that treatment with immunomodulatory drugs (IMIDs) such as lenalidomide (LEN) could enhance it. However, the effects of IMIDs on NK cells have been tested mostly in vitro or in preclinical models and supporting evidence of their effect in vivo in patients is lacking. Here, we monitored NK cell activity in blo

Human γδ T Cell Subsets and Their Clinical Applications for Cancer Immunotherapy.

Gamma delta (γδ) T cells are a minor population of T cells that share adaptive and innate immune properties. In contrast to MHC-restricted alpha beta (αβ) T cells, γδ T cells are activated in an MHC-independent manner, making them ideal candidates for developing allogeneic, off-the-shelf cell-based immunotherapies. As the field of cancer immunotherapy progresses rapidly, different subsets of γδ T cells have been explored. In addition, γδ T cells can be engineered using different gene editing technologies that augment their tumor recognition abilities and antitumor functions. In this review, we

Elranatamab: Роман B-клеточного созревания T-клеточного агента.

B-клеточное антигенное созревание (BCMA) — высоко выраженный трансмембранный рецептор на злокачественных плазменных клетках, который помогает выжить клеткам. Эти характеристики делают его привлекательной целью для новых клеточных и иммунотерапий. Elranatamab () — антитело, направленное против BCMA на плазменные клетки и CD3 на Т клетки. Это приводит к активации иммунных клеток и высвобождению гранзимов и перфоринов, что сопровождается убийством целевых клеток. Чрезмерная активация иммунной системы может привести к возникновению синдрома цитокина (CRS) и синдрома нейротоксичности иммунных клето

Комбинированная терапия резко поощряет воспоминание.

Множественный склероз (MS) — неизлечимое иммунное заболевание в центральной нервной системе, характеризующееся демиелинацией, аксонной дегенерацией и прогрессивной неврологической инвалидностью и до сих пор неизлечимое. Нынешние лекарства в основном предназначены для лечения иммунных заболеваний, но не предотвращают прогрессию заболеваний из-за их неспособности активно содействовать воссоединению. По сообщениям, небольшие молекулы способствуют регенерации миелина, но их терапевтическая эффективность ограничивается недостаточной иммунной модуляцией. Таким образом, стратегии, направленные как на

Pityriasis liechenoides et varioliformis acuta у пациента, лечащегося cevostamab.

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