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Secondary antibody deficiencies in the modern era: emerging trends, diagnostic pitfalls, and advances in personalised management.

Secondary antibody deficiencies (SADs) are a significant but frequently under-recognised group of acquired immunodeficiencies. They may arise in various clinical settings, including haematological malignancies, immunosuppressive therapies, and protein-losing conditions. SADs are associated with an increased risk of recurrent and severe infections, hospitalisation, and impaired quality of life. Despite this, diagnostic and treatment pathways remain inconsistent across healthcare settings and regions. Recent advances in the use of structured clinical data, including electronic health records and

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… Studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) ( 15 ) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) ( 15 ) have found hypogammaglobulinaemia in 12% of treated patients ( 15 ), with age over 50, rituximab exposure, and lower baseline immunoglobulin levels identified as key risk factors ( 15 ). … Studies in multiple sclerosis (MS) ( 15 ) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) ( 15 ) have found hypogammaglobulinaemia in 12% of treated patients ( 15 ), with age over 50, rituximab exposure, and lower baseline immunoglobulin levels identified as key risk factors ( 15 ). …

Ассоциация между респираторными вакцинами и риском когнитивного расстройства, слабоумия и болезни Альцгеймера: обзор.

Справочная информация/цели: Нейрокогнитивные расстройства представляют собой растущее бремя для пожилых людей. Хотя респираторные вакцины доказали свою эффективность и безопасность в предотвращении острых респираторных явлений, их потенциальное воздействие на развитие таких хронических нейрокогнитивных расстройств, как когнитивное расстройство, слабоумие и болезнь Альцгеймера (АБ), не было тщательно изучено. Цель этого аналитического обзора заключалась в обобщении и анализе имеющихся данных о взаимосвязи между вакцинацией органов дыхания и риском развития когнитивного расстройства, слабоумия и

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… Exclusion Criteria Studies involving individuals younger than 60 years with chronic neurodegenerative diseases and/or neurological disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, hereditary or acquired ataxias, muscular dystrophies, and neurocutaneous syndromes, among others, were …

Interferon-Based Biopharmaceuticals: Overview on the Production, Purification, and Formulation.

The advent of biopharmaceuticals in modern medicine brought enormous benefits to the treatment of numerous human diseases and improved the w … athways have a spectrum of clinical effectiveness against viral infections, malignant diseases, and multiple sclerosis. Given their relevance and sustained market share, this review provides an overview on the evolution of interferon manufacture, comprising their production, purification, and formulation stages. Remarkable developments achieved in the last decades a …

Продольные траектории цифровых когнитивных биомаркеров для множественных склерозов.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Когнитивное повреждение - это one - наиболее распространенные и изнурительные симптомы повторного излучаемого множественным склерозом (RRMS). Цифровые когнитивные биомаркеры требуют меньше времени и ресурсов и быстро набирают популярность в клинических условиях. Мы изучили продольную траекторию испытания на скорость обработки на основе iPad (PST) и прогнозы значений PST. Мы, вероятно, зачислили пациентов из RRMS между 2017 и 2021 по всему району six Австралийские центры НР. Продольные данные анализировались с помощью моделей смешанного воздействия и скрытых моделей смеша

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BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is one of the most common and debilitating symptoms of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Digital cognitive biomarkers require less time and resources and are rapidly gaining popularity in clinical settings. We examined the longitudinal trajectory of the iPad-based Processing Speed Test (PST) and predictors of PST…

Изучение сегментации мозга с участием многих папологов: от глубокого анализа знаний на основе физического объема до компонентов.

Обнаружение и сегментация аномалий мозга с использованием магнитного резонансного воображения (MRI) является важной задачей, которая в настоящее время четко закрепляется как на уровне исследований, так и на уровне клинического производства роль алгоритмов АИ как вспомогательных инструментов. Хотя эффективность современных моделей возрастает и во многих случаях достигает уровней точности радиологов и других экспертов, все еще необходимо провести много исследований по вопросу о направлении углубленной и транспарентной оценки правильных результатов и неудач, особенно в том, что касается важных ас

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Detection and segmentation of brain abnormalities using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an important task that, nowadays, the role of AI … ned and validated on brain MRI examinations containing four different pathologies: Tumors, Strokes, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH). We present the segmentation results for both the whole abnormal volume and for each abnormal component inside the examinations of the validation set. In the first case, a dice score coefficient (DSC), s …

Липидированные мезофорные наночастицы, нагруженные тимокиноном, в качестве нового метода лечения аутоиммунного энцефаломиелита у крыс.

AIMS: Пересечение мозгового барьера (BBB) по-прежнему является серьезной проблемой для доставки терапевтических агентов в центральную нервную систему. Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы оценить потенциал новых наноформуляционных силикатных силиканочастиц (MSN), покрытых липидным двуслойным слоем (LB), с тем чтобы повысить уровень доставки и потенциальное ремиелионирующее воздействие тимокинона (TQ). МЕТОДЫ: Составы характеризовались микроскопией передачи электронов и динамическим рассеиванием света для определения потенциала зета и размера частиц. Экспериментальная аутоиммунная энце

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AIMS: Crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains a significant challenge for delivering therapeutic agents to the central nervous system … he experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model is used as an established animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). Our experiment consists of five groups of male Wistar rats: a standard control group, an EAE-induced group, and three treated groups after being induced with EAE: (Thymoquinone) TQ-treated group (60 mg/kg TQ), MSN-treated group (60 mg/kg MSN), …

IgA Nephropathy: Current Treatment and New Insights.

IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common cause of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. Despite the histopathologic hallmark of mesangial IgA deposition, IgAN is a heterogenous autoimmune disease not only in terms of clinical presentation but also in long-term disease progression. The pathogenesis of the disease is complex and includes the generation of circulating IgA immune complexes with chemical and biological characteristics that favor mesangial deposition and reaction to mesangial under-glycosylated IgA1 accumulation, which leads to tissue injury with glomerulosclerosis and interstitial

Potential Utility of A Proliferation-Inducing Ligand (APRIL) in Colorectal Cancer.

APRIL (A proliferation-inducing ligand) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that is overexpressed in a variety of malignant tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Its key physiological roles include inducing the immunoglobulin switch and ensuring plasmocyte survival. In terms of pathological roles, APRIL antagonism has been identified as a key target in autoimmune diseases and immunoglobulin disorders. As previously demonstrated, several inflammatory processes occur at the site of neoplastic initial stages, and their local symptoms are difficult to detect, particularly in

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… As the authors point out, this antibody can also be utilized to treat other APRIL-mediated disorders, including Sjogren syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus [ 53 ]. … A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) is expressed by astrocytes and is increased in multiple sclerosis. Scand. J. Immunol. 2007;65:92–98. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01867.x. 21. Yeo S.C., Barratt J. …

The Role of the CCR5 Receptor in Neuropathic Pain Modulation: Current Insights and Therapeutic Implications.

Neuropathic pain, a chronic condition arising from injury or dysfunction of the somatosensory nervous system, is characterized by persistent hypersensitivity and spontaneous pain. The chemokine receptor CCR5 (C-C motif chemokine receptor 5) has recently been identified as a critical mediator in neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain signaling pathways. Expressed on immune cells and neurons, CCR5 regulates immune cell recruitment and activation, thereby contributing to neuronal sensitization and maintenance of pain states. This review examines the currently characterized molecular mechanisms th

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… Dysregulated CCR5 signaling can precipitate maladaptive immune responses, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). … The CCR5 deletion mutation fails to protect against multiple sclerosis. Hum. Immunol. 1997;58:52–59. doi: 10.1016/S0198-8859(97)00207-3. 137. Takeuchi T., Kameda H. What is the future of CCR5 antagonists in rheumatoid arthritis? Arthritis Res. Ther. 2012;14:114. doi: 10.1186/ar3775. 138. …

Возможная роль метаформы и фибробластного роста Factor-21 В Multical Sclerosis Neuropathology: Birds of a Feather Flock Common.

Множественный склероз (MS) — прогрессивное демиелинизирующее заболевание CNS, характеризующееся воспалением, образованием CNS-клеров и повреждением нейронной миелинской оболочки (graphical abstract). Фактор роста фибробласта 21 (FGF21) занимается различными метаболическими расстройствами и нейродегенеративными заболеваниями. FFF21 и его корецептор β-Kloth имеют существенно важное значение для процесса ремиелиции MS. Метформин, инсулин-сенсибилизирующее лекарство, которое является первой линией лечения для типа 2 Мэлитус диабета (T2DM) может оказывать потенциальное нейрозащитное воздействие, ре

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive demyelinating disease of the CNS, characterized by inflammation, the formation of CNS plaques, and damage to the neuronal myelin sheath (Graphical abstract). Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is involved in various metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. FGF21 and its co-receptor β-Kloth are essential in…

Missed Until Critical: Unravelling the Mystery of Persistent Hemolysis With a Definitive Diagnosis of Babesiosis.

Babesiosis is a parasitic protozoan infection caused primarily by Babesia microti in the United States. Its presentation can imitate that of malaria, which often leads to misdiagnosis. We present here a case of a 54-year-old female with multiple comorbidities, such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia, who was initially diagnosed with malaria but, with further investigation, was found to have babesiosis. The patient initially presented with anemia and thrombocytopenia, prompting an extensive and meticulous workup including a peripheral blood smear and autoimmune studies. From these tests, we wer

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy: a new emerging landscape in autoimmune rheumatic diseases.

Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, an innovative immune cell therapy, has revolutionized the treatment landscape of haematological malignancies. The past 2 years has witnessed the successful application of CD19-targeting CAR constructs in refractory cases of autoimmune rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis and anti-synthetase syndrome. In comparison with existing B cell depletion therapies, targeting CD19 has demonstrated a more rapid and profound therapeutic effect, enabling drug-free remission with manageable adverse events. These promi

Isolated compression of the ulnar motor branch due to carpal joint ganglia: clinical series, surgical technique and postoperative outcomes.

The entrapment of the ulnar nerve in Guyon's canal (GC) is a well-known wrist canalicular syndrome which is usually followed by a gradual combination of both sensitive and motor symptomatology. However, GC nerve compression could also cause a pure hand motor dysfunction. This condition, less frequent than the classic Guyon's syndrome, can be difficult to diagnose. Authors report a case series of eight patients affected by isolated compression of the ulnar nerve motor branch, due to piso-triquetrum or triquetro-hamate joint ganglia. Surgical technique and postoperative outcomes are discussed in

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… The isolated compression of the ulnar motor branch enters into differential diagnosis with pathologies of the central nervous system, like multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. …

NSFC health research funding and burden of disease in China.

BackgroundAllocation of health research funds among diseases has never been evaluated in China. This study aimed to examine the relationship between disease-specific funding levels of National Nature Science Foundation of China (NSFC), the main governmental resource for health research in China, and burden of disease.MethodsFunding magnitudes for 53 diseases or conditions were obtained from the website of NSFC. Measures of disease burden, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), were derived from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The relationship

Рецепт 1 в диабете и его хронические осложнения: механизмы сигнализации и новые терапевтические достижения.

Диабет моллюсков (DM) — системное метаболическое расстройство, характеризующееся хронической гипергликемией, которая может оказывать воздействие на почки, сетчатку, периферийные нервы и сердечно-сосудистую систему, что в конечном счете приводит к многочисленным хроническим осложнениям. 1 (PAR1) — G-белковый рецептор, приводимый в действие через каноническое декольте, например тромбинированный декольте и неканоническое декольте, например, декольте с помощью активированного белка C или матрицы Metalloproteinase-1. Эти режимы активации инициируют различные каналы подачи сигналов вниз по течению,

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… sclerosis, multi-organ ischemia/reperfusion injury, etc Avoids bleeding risk; pleiotropic protection (anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, tissue repair) Immunogenicity; efficacy in complex disease models remains to be validated PZ-128 Intracellular inhibitor (lipopeptide) Inserts into the inner leaflet … Owing to its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and tissue-repair properties, 3K3A-APC has shown therapeutic potential in several disease models, including ischemic stroke, multiple sclerosis, and multi-organ ischemia/reperfusion injury. …

"Complimenting the Complement": Mechanistic Insights and Opportunities for Therapeutics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary malignancy of the liver and a leading cause of death in the US and worldwide. HCC remains a global health problem and is highly aggressive with unfavorable prognosis. Even with surgical interventions and newer medical treatment regimens, patients with HCC have poor survival rates. These limited therapeutic strategies and mechanistic understandings of HCC immunopathogenesis urgently warrant non-palliative treatment measures. Irrespective of the multitude etiologies, the liver microenvironment in HCC is intricately associated with chronic

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… Indeed, altered or enhanced complement activation underlies a wide spectrum of inflammatory diseases including asthma ( 124 ), kidney and cardiac diseases ( 125 , 126 ), multiple sclerosis ( 127 ), and rheumatoid arthritis ( 128 ). … Low levels of CD59 are also linked to several autoimmune diseases including rheumatic diseases ( 152 ), autoimmune thrombocytopenia ( 153 ), diabetes ( 154 ), and multiple sclerosis ( 155 ). …

Non-Exosomal and Exosomal Circulatory MicroRNAs: Which Are More Valid as Biomarkers?

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs with approximately 19-25 nucleotides that are involved in regulating a range of developmental and physiological processes. Non-exosomal circulating and exosomal miRNAs have also been proposed to be useful in diagnostics as biomarkers for diseases and different types of cancer. In this review, the quantity of miRNAs and of reliable experimental data analyses of miRNAs that come from exosomal and non-exosomal sources are discussed from the perspective of their use as biomarkers for cancer and other diseases, including viral infections, nerv

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… Exosomal microRNA signatures in multiple sclerosis reflect disease status. Sci. Rep. 7, 14293. 10.1038/s41598-017-14301-3 Eichelser C., Stückrath I., Müller V., Milde-Langosch K., Wikman H., Pantel K., et al. (2014). … Circulating exosomes suppress the induction of regulatory T cells via let-7i in multiple sclerosis. Nat. Commun. 9, 17. 10.1038/s41467-017-02406-2 Kobayashi T., Tomofuji T., Machida T., Yoneda T., Ekuni D., Azuma T., et al. (2017). …

Evolving Paradigms in Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: From Global Immunosuppression to Precision Targeted and Cell-Based Therapies.

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a well-established treatment for a range of medical conditions. However, the procedure carries with it a significant risk of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), which can have a considerable impact on patients’ quality of life and clinical outcomes. In recent years, there has been a marked shift in treatment strategies for this condition, with greater emphasis being placed on novel targeted therapies and cell therapies that target specific pathways. This shift in approach signifies a more profound comprehension of the pa

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… Despite the encouraging outcomes observed in animal models with RORγt inhibitors, the development of certain candidates for other diseases, such as psoriasis and multiple sclerosis, has been terminated on the grounds of inadequate efficacy or safety concerns [ 127 ]. … Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF) Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a small-molecule compound with immunomodulatory properties, which is currently approved for the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and psoriasis. …

Урмодулин для различения между гломерулонефритом, диабетической болезнью почек и нефросклерозом в биопсии-провенном коорте.

Фон/цели: Клинически важное значение имеет проведение различия между гломерулонефритом (ГН) и диабетическим заболеванием почек (DKD) и нефросклерозом (NS). Урмодулин (uUMOD), биомаркер почечной трубки, может способствовать дискриминации между этими хроническими заболеваниями почек (CKD) и этиологией. Мы оценили диагностическую полезность UUMOD для деления GN на DKD и NS. Методы: Это ретроспективное одноцентральное исследование охватывало 90 пациентов с биопсией GN (n = 30), DKD (n = 25) или NS (n = 35). Первые утренние пробы мочи, полученные до биопсии, были проанализированы с точки зрения кон