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Prevalence of and risk factors for trachoma in Kwara state, Nigeria: Results of eight population-based surveys from the Global Trachoma Mapping Project.

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for trachoma in selected local government areas (LGAs) of Kwara State, Nigeria. METHODOLOGY: Population-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted in eight LGAs of Kwara State using Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP) protocols. In each LGA, 25 villages were selected using probability-proportional-to-size sampling; 25 households were selected from each village using compact segment sampling. All residents of selected households aged ≥1 year were examined by GTMP-certified graders for trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) and tr…

The use of geographic information system as a tool for schistosomiasis surveillance in the province of Davao del Norte, the Philippines.

Schistosomiasis (SCH) in The Philippines is caused by Schistosoma japonicum and remains endemic in 28 provinces in 12 regions. Effective SCH control requires describing areas at risk where control efforts may be focused. This study aims at demonstrating the utility of geographical information system (GIS) as a tool for SCH surveillance in the province of Davao del Norte. Qualitative and quantitative data on SCH determinants, obtained from local government offices, partner agencies and institutions, were standardised, formatted and incorporated into a GIS map. Atrisk areas are described in term…

Eruption Chronology in Children: A Cross-sectional Study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to determine the appropriate reference standard for eruption timing of primary teeth in infants and preschool children of Bhopal city and to determine the role of various factors affecting the eruption of primary dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the infants and preschool children (4-36 months) attending the local government or private hospitals, and vaccination centers. Prior to the study, Institutional Ethical Committee clearance and informed written consent from the parents were obtained. The data…

Malawi three district evaluation: Community-based maternal and newborn care economic analysis.

Malawi is one of few low-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa to have met the fourth Millennium Development Goal for child survival (MDG 4). To accelerate progress towards MDGs, the Malawi Ministry of Health's Reproductive Health Unit - in partnership with Save the Children, UNICEF and others - implemented a Community Based Maternal and Newborn Care (CBMNC) package, integrated within the existing community-based system. Multi-purpose Health Surveillance Assistants (HSAs) already employed by the local government were trained to conduct five core home visits. The additional financial costs, in…

Oral health-related knowledge, attitudes and self-efficacy of Australian rural older adults.

OBJECTIVE: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving older adults from social clubs within a regional local government area in the state of Victoria, Australia, to identify factors associated with knowledge, and attitudes about oral health, as well as perceived self-efficacy. METHODS: Participants underwent an oral health interview, followed by a comprehensive oral clinical examination. RESULTS: A total of 225 older adults participated in this study. The mean age was 70.7 (range: 55-96) years. The majority was females (62.0%) and had incomplete secondary education or less (56.1%); 34.2…

Cancer risks and long-term community-level exposure to pentachlorophenol in contaminated areas, China.

Widespread use of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in schistosomiasis endemic areas had led to ubiquitous exposure to PCP and its residues. Numerous studies had revealed that occupational PCP exposure probably increased risk of cancers, but whether long-term community-level exposure to PCP generates the similarly carcinogenic effect, seldom studies focused on it. This study was to explore the cancer risks of long-term community-level PCP exposure from drinking water in a Chinese general population. Incident (2009-2012) cancer records were identified by local government national registry. And PCP concen…

Spatial analysis of community-onset Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in Queensland, Australia.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate and describe the relationship between indigenous Australian populations, residential aged care services, and community-onset Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) among patients admitted to public hospitals in Queensland, Australia. DESIGN: Ecological study. METHODS: We used administrative healthcare data linked to microbiology results from patients with SAB admitted to Queensland public hospitals from 2005 through 2010 to identify community-onset infections. Data about indigenous Australian population and residential aged care services at the local government are…

Post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies with ERIG and IDRV in children.

To assess the clinical safety of equine rabies immunoglobulin (ERIG) and purified vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV) administered intradermally in children for post-exposure prophylaxis against rabies, a study was carried out among 1494 children < 15 years of age having category III exposure to animal bite at the antirabies clinic of community medicine department of MKCG Medical College Hospital, Berhampur, Orissa from 1st May 2007 to 31st March 2008. The patients received 0.1 ml of PVRV intradermally at two sites on days 0, 3, 7 and 28. The PVRV (Abhayrab) supplied by Government of Orissa had an

этномедицина народа хая в округе Бугабо, Кагера, северо-западная часть Танзании.

РЕГИОН Кагера, расположенный на северо-западе Танзании, обладает сильной культурой традиционной медицины, которая хорошо поддерживается богатым разнообразием лекарственных растений. Однако большинство заводов в этом регионе не были задокументированы и не оценивались на предмет их безопасности и эффективности. В качестве инициативы в этом направлении в этом исследовании были задокументированы знания об использовании лекарственных растений традиционными целителями в Бугабо-Варде в округе Букоба. МЕТОДЫ: Ключевые информаторы были отобраны при содействии должностных лиц местных органов власти, а и

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: The Kagera region, in north western Tanzania, is endowed with a strong culture of traditional medicine that is well supported by … healers of Bugabo Ward in Bukoba District. METHODS: Key informants were selected with the help of local government officials and information on their knowledge and use of plants for therapeutic purposes was gathered using a semi-structured interview format. RESULTS: In this study 94 plant species representing 84 genera and 43 families were found to be commonly …

Immunogenomic approaches to study host immunity to enteric pathogens.

With increasing consumer demands for safe poultry products, effective control of disease-causing pathogens is becoming a major challenge to the poultry industry. Many chicken pathogens enter the host through the gastrointestinal tract, and over the past few decades, in-feed antibiotics and active vaccination have been the 2 main mechanisms of disease control. However, increasing public concerns are prompting government regulations on the use of growth-promoting drugs in animal production, and the ability of current vaccines to protect against emerging hypervirulent strains of pathogens is beco

Americo Negrette (1924 to 2003): diagnosing Huntington disease in Venezuela.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the role of Dr. Americo Negrette in diagnosing and reclassifying the dancing mania in Maracaibo, Venezuela as Huntington disease (HD). METHODS: All of the medical and nonmedical books and articles by Negrette were collected and reviewed. Personal interviews with Negrette were performed to confirm the details of his life and original work. His childhood, medical education, and contribution to HD, as well as contributions to medicine, art, and poetry, were covered in interview sessions. Excerpts from his autobiography, Ciudad de Fuego, were translated into English for pu

Diagnosis and treatment of hand-arm vibration syndrome and its relationship to carpal tunnel syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) is a condition associated with the use of vibrating tools that occurs mainly in men. It consists primarily of 'occupational' Raynaud disease and digital polyneuropathy. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is also associated with hand transmitted vibration exposure and can coexist with HAVS. OBJECTIVE: This article examines recent papers on causation, diagnosis, relationship to CTS and treatment. A Medline search was conducted, as was a search of UK, USA and Australian government occupational health and safety websites. Published papers that were single

Trial of Trachoma Rapid Assessment in a subdistrict of northern Nigeria.

PURPOSE: To assess the usefulness of Trachoma Rapid Assessment (RA) in priority ranking of trachoma areas. METHODS: RA was conducted concurrently with a cross-sectional trachoma prevalence survey in some villages selected from the communities at risk for trachoma in the Kaita Local Government Area of northern Nigeria. The RA team consisted of two ophthalmic nurses. Pen torches and loupes were used for the examination. Data were collected on the seven components of the RA 'information pyramid' for all the selected villages. The data were analyzed using the RA methodology guidelines to determin…

Childhood immunisation: factors associated with failure to complete the recommended schedule by two years of age.

This study aimed to determine the immunisation status of preschool-aged children attending formal child-care facilities in north Queensland, and to examine factors associated with failure to be completely immunised by two years of age. Child-care centres and kindergartens within the Cairns City and Mulgrave Shire local government boundaries were selected randomly with probability proportional to size, and 613 children (median age of 47.0 months) were selected randomly from the facilities. Only 60.3 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 56.3 to 64.3) of the children were fully immunise…

Coping with closure. Consideration of legal issues in hospital closing can save precious time and considerable money.

From the legal perspective, closing a hospital can be as difficult as opening one. Whether a hospital is closing or downsizing, it should become familiar with the relevant legal issues before the process begins and develop a strategy for addressing them. Hospitals planning to discontinue services often must give advance notice to federal, state, and local governmental agencies, as well as to nongovernmental organizations such as the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations and to contractors. Failure to notify the applicable state licensing agency may violate the hospital …

Drifting continents and endemic goitre in northern Pakistan.

Although Baltistan, north east Pakistan, is in a region of iodine deficiency disorders, the distribution of goitre within the district, according to age and sex, has not been clearly defined. To establish the prevalence of the condition and to measure the reported difference in prevalence in the north and south of the district thyroid size was assessed in new patients attending the Aman clinic, Khapalu, and outlying areas between April and September from 1981 to 1986. Samples of potable water collected from villages were analysed for iodine (as iodide) concentrations in Britain. Population wei

Advances in the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma (Review).

BACKGROUND: Previously free of rabies, Bali experienced an outbreak in 2008, which has since caused a large number of human fatalities. In r … program in Bali. The program also needs recognition or acknowledgement from governments, especially local government as well as regular mentoring to improve and sustain community participation.

Large-scale intermittent larviciding intervention and associations with key malaria epidemiological parameters in Tanga Region, Tanzania.

BACKGROUND: Malaria remains one of the major public health problems both globally and in Tanzania. In addition to existing malaria control i … ng was conducted between June 2022 and April 2024 through a community-based approach using existing local government structures. Larviciding was applied intermittently in the intervention councils to all identified breeding habitats for three rounds per year, based on the local rainfall seasons. Both Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus …

Quality of information offered to women by drug sellers providing medical abortion in Nigeria: Evidence from providers and their clients.

BACKGROUND: Evidence confirmed that the demand for medical abortion (MA) increased significantly during the COVID-19 outbreak in many develo … study utilized primary data collected from drug sellers (pharmacists and PPMVs) and women across 6 Local Government Areas in Lagos State, Nigeria. The core sample included 126 drug sellers who had sold abortion-inducing drugs and 386 women who procured abortion-inducing drugs from the drug sellers during the time of the study. We calculate quality-of-care indices …

Housing Demand in Urban Areas and Sanitary Requirements of Dwellings in Italy.

The phenomenon of urbanisation is becoming increasingly prevalent on a global level, and the health issues regarding the urban environment a … main reasons relate to the request for a residency permit (46.6%) and to obtain a subsidy from the local government (32.8%). Overall, 15.4% of dwellings were found to be improper, while 35.3% and 22.0% were found to be unhygienic and uninhabitable, respectively. The foreigners' homes were found to be suitable in 82.7% of cases; the housing of Italian citizens, on …