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Samarium-153-ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonate, a beta-emitting bone-targeted radiopharmaceutical, useful for patients with osteoblastic bone metastases.

Bone metastases are prevalent among cancer patients and frequently cause significant morbidity. Oncology providers must mitigate complications associated with bone metastases while limiting therapy-related adverse effects and their impact on quality of life. Multiple treatment modalities, including chemotherapy, surgery, external beam radiation therapy, and radioisotopes, among others, have been recommended and utilized for palliative treatment of bone metastases. Radioisotopes such as samarium-153 are commonly used in the setting of multifocal bone metastases due to their systemic distributio

Adjunctive Treatments for the Prevention of Chemotherapy- and Radiotherapy-Induced Mucositis.

BACKGROUND: Chemoradiotherapy-associated mucositis can manifest as pain, inflammation, dysphagia, diarrhea, weight loss, rectal bleeding, and infection. Mucositis is a major dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapy, affecting nutritional intake and oral and intestinal function. Despite several interventions being available, there is a need for safe and effective preventative and treatment options for treatment-induced mucositis. The goals of this review are to discuss interventions based on foods and natural products and present the research to date. METHODS: A narrative literature review id

High prevalence of cardiovascular and respiratory abnormalities in advanced, intensively treated (transplanted) myeloma: The case for 'late effects' screening and preventive strategies.

OBJECTIVES: Modern management of myeloma has significantly improved survival, with increasing numbers of patients living beyond a decade. However, little is known about the long-term cardiovascular and respiratory status of intensively treated and multiply relapsed survivors. METHODS: We performed detailed cardiovascular and respiratory evaluations in patients with intensively treated, advanced but stable myeloma. All patients had received at least two lines of treatment, including at least one haematopoietic stem cell transplantation procedure, but had stable, controlled disease and were off

TAM-ing the CIA-Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Their Potential Role in Unintended Side Effects of Therapeutics for Cancer-Induced Anemia.

Cancer-induced anemia (CIA) is a common consequence of neoplasia and has a multifactorial pathophysiology. The immune response and tumor treatment, both intended to primarily target malignant cells, also affect erythropoiesis in the bone marrow. In parallel, immune activation inevitably induces the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin to direct iron fluxes away from erythroid progenitors and into compartments of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Moreover, many inflammatory mediators inhibit the synthesis of erythropoietin, which is essential for stimulation and differentiation of erythroid progeni

Micronutrient Status and Breast Cancer: A Narrative Review.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, at the same time being one of the most prevalent causes of women's death. Many factors such as alcohol, weight fluctuations, or hormonal replacement therapy can potentially contribute to breast cancer development and progression. Another important factor in breast cancer onset includes micronutrient status. In this narrative review, we analyzed 23 micronutrients and their possible influence on breast cancer onset and progression. Further, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of micronutrient status on the prevention of b

Нейропзащитное воздействие грелина на крысиную модель множественных склерозов.

Множественный склероз (MS) является воспалительным заболеванием центральной нервной системы, характеризующимся обезвоживанием и аксонной потерей, и является основной причиной нетравматических неврологических расстройств у молодых людей. Несмотря на то, что существует несколько методов лечения этого заболевания, не существует окончательного средства для лечения множественных склерозов. Известно, что воспаление и окислительный стресс играют важную роль в патофизиологии MS. Грелин, пептид, скрытый желудком, обладает нейрозащитными свойствами по нескольким путям, включая ослабление окислительного

Alendronate-coated long-circulating liposomes containing 99mtechnetium-ceftizoxime used to identify osteomyelitis.

Osteomyelitis is a progressive destruction of bones caused by microorganisms. Inadequate or absent treatment increases the risk of bone growth inhibition, fractures, and sepsis. Among the diagnostic techniques, functional images are the most sensitive in detecting osteomyelitis in its early stages. However, these techniques do not have adequate specificity. By contrast, radiolabeled antibiotics could improve selectivity, since they are specifically recognized by the bacteria. The incorporation of these radiopharmaceuticals in drug-delivery systems with high affinity for bones could improve the

The Gut-Bone Marrow Axis: Deciphering the Mechanistic Impact of Microbial Metabolites on Hematopoietic Homeostasis and Disorders.

The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a dynamic endocrine-like microbial network that exerts systemic effects far beyond the gastrointestinal tract. Emerging evidence supports the existence of a "gut-bone marrow axis" through which gut-derived signals orchestrate hematopoietic homeostasis. However, shifting from correlative observations to causal mechanisms remains a major challenge in defining precise microbial impacts on hematopoietic outcomes. In this review, we systematically synthesize current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms by which microbial products-specifically short-

Curcumin Nanoparticles as Promising Therapeutic Agents for Drug Targets.

Curcuma longa is very well-known medicinal plant not only in the Asian hemisphere but also known across the globe for its therapeutic and medicinal benefits. The active moiety of Curcuma longa is curcumin and has gained importance in various treatments of various disorders such as antibacterial, antiprotozoal, cancer, obesity, diabetics and wound healing applications. Several techniques had been exploited as reported by researchers for increasing the therapeutic potential and its pharmacological activity. Here, the dictum is the new room for the development of physicochemical, as well as biolo

An integrative review of nonobvious puzzles of cellular and molecular cardiooncology.

Oncologic patients are subjected to four major treatment types: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. All nonsurgical forms of cancer management are known to potentially violate the structural and functional integrity of the cardiovascular system. The prevalence and severity of cardiotoxicity and vascular abnormalities led to the emergence of a clinical subdiscipline, called cardiooncology. This relatively new, but rapidly expanding area of knowledge, primarily focuses on clinical observations linking the adverse effects of cancer therapy with deteriorated quality of life of

Электрохимические датчики на основе полимера для диагностики нейродегенеративных заболеваний.

Острые и хронические нейродегенеративные заболевания (ND), включая множественный склероз (MS), болезнь Альцгеймера (AD) и болезнь Паркинсона (PD), характеризуются нейродегенерацией, которая представляет собой постепенный сбой и повреждение нейронов и аксонов в центральной нервной системе. Благодаря обнаружению соответствующих биомаркеров нейродегенеративных заболеваний (ND) стало возможным совершенствование клинических диагностических исследований, а также разработка и отслеживание успешных методов лечения заболеваний. Важные биомаркеры, такие, как белки тау, амилоид-β и α-синуклеины, имеют ва

In vitro and in vivo activity of a novel locked nucleic acid (LNA)-inhibitor-miR-221 against multiple myeloma cells.

Background & aimThe miR-221/222 cluster is upregulated in malignant plasma cells from multiple myeloma (MM) patients harboring the t(4;14) translocation. We previously reported that silencing of miR-221/222 by an antisense oligonucleotide induces anti-MM activity and upregulates canonical miR-221/222 targets. The in vivo anti-tumor activity occurred when miR-221/222 inhibitors were delivered directly into MM xenografts. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-MM activity of a novel phosphorothioate modified backbone 13-mer locked nucleic acid (LNA)-Inhibitor-miR-221 (LNA-i-miR-22

Clinical development of neridronate: potential for new applications.

Neridronate is an aminobisphosphonate, licensed in Italy for the treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and Paget's disease of bone (PDB). A characteristic property of neridronate is that it can be administered both intravenously and intramuscularly, providing a useful system for administration in homecare. In this review, we discuss the latest clinical results of neridronate administration in OI and PDB, as well as in osteoporosis and other conditions. We will focus in particular on the latest evidence of the effect of neridronate on treatment of complex regional pain syndrome type I.

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… In the pathogenesis of thalassemia-induced osteoporosis, genetic and acquired factors have been recognized. 46 Notwithstanding optimal therapeutic regimens, effective iron chelation therapy and adequate hormone replacement, unbalanced bone turnover and active bone resorption remain a major issue. 47 …

Emerging Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Directions in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and NF2-Related Schwannomatosis.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and NF2-related schwannomatosis (NF2-SWN) are major genetic tumor predisposition syndromes characterized by progressive, often debilitating neoplasms of the peripheral and central nervous systems. Over the past five years, substantial advances in molecular genetics, signaling biology, and targeted therapeutic development have reshaped diagnostic and management paradigms for both disorders. This Perspective synthesizes recent developments, including gene-based reclassification, emergence of MEK inhibitor therapy in NF1, renewed evaluation of bevacizumab and kinase

Oxidative Stress and Cancer: Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of Curcumin and Analogues Against Cancer.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a class of bioactive molecules that are the by-products of many cellular functions. These molecules are present in normal cells at homeostatic levels but have been studied extensively in cancer due to their dysregulation resulting in pro- and anti-tumorigenic environments. Completely understanding the paradoxical nature of ROS in cancer is imperative to fully realize its modulation as cancer therapy. Studies into ROS have shown far-reaching effects in cancer, including how ROS levels regulate signaling, response to treatment, drug resistance, etc. Many drugs w

Hematopoietic stem cell expansion and generation: the ways to make a breakthrough.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the first field where human stem cell therapy was successful. Flooding interest on human stem cell therapy to cure previously incurable diseases is largely indebted to HSCT success. Allogeneic HSCT has been an important modality to cure various diseases including hematologic malignancies, various non-malignant hematologic diseases, primary immunodeficiency diseases, and inborn errors of metabolism, while autologous HSCT is generally performed to rescue bone marrow aplasia following high-dose chemotherapy for solid tumors or multiple myeloma. Re

Положительная аллостерическая модуляция рецепторов АМПА с помощью PF4778574 приводит к снижению степени демиэлизации и клинической инвалидности в экспериментальных моделях множественного склероза.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Множественный склероз (МС) — расстройство центральной нервной системы (КНС), характеризующееся воспалением, обезвоживанием и нейронным дегенерацией. Несмотря на достижения в области иммуномодуляционного лечения, нейрозащитные или восстановительные стратегии по-прежнему являются неадекватными. Наши исследования сосредоточены на потенциале позитивного аллостерического модулятора рецепторов AMPA (AMPA-PAM), PF4778574, в борьбе с симптомами MS. Мы использовали MOG35-55 Продуктированная экспериментальная аутоиммунная энцефаломиелитная модель (EAE) в мышах C57BL6J для изучения терапевтичес

A review of mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic sarcopenia: Mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment approaches.

Diabetic sarcopenia is a common complication of diabetes, substantially impacting patients' quality of life and prognosis. Its pathogenesis is closely related to energy metabolism, with mitochondria-often referred to as the cellular "powerhouse"-playing a central role in this process. This review focuses on the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic sarcopenia, emphasizing mechanisms such as energy metabolism imbalance, oxidative stress-induced damage, and abnormalities in mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics. Additionally, we discussed current research on diagnostic and therapeutic st

Ascorbic Acid in Colon Cancer: From the Basic to the Clinical Applications.

Given the safety and potential benefits of intravenous ascorbic acid (AA) administration in cancer patients, there is merit in further exploring this therapeutic concept. In this review, we discuss the potential benefits of intravenous AA administration on colorectal cancer and we specifically focus on its effect on glycolysis in mutant and wild type RAS. We perform a PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE search using ascorbic acid, intravenous vitamin C, KRAS mutation, BRAF mutation and colorectal cancer (CRC) as keywords. At the cellular level, colorectal cancer cells undergo a metabolic shift called the

A prospective clinical trial of GVHD prophylaxis with posttransplant cyclophosphamide and abatacept.

AbstractWe conducted a prospective randomized clinical trial to investigate the combination of posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) and abatacept (Aba) for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis. Patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing an allogeneic transplant from an 8/8 matched related or unrelated donor were randomized 1:1 to tacrolimus and methotrexate (standard-of-care arm [SOC]) or PTCy on days +3 and +4, followed by Aba on an extended schedule: days +5, +14, and +28, and every 4 weeks up to day +168 (PTCy+Aba). All patients received peripherally collected stem cells. T