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Assessment of gastrointestinal permeability by lactulose test in sheep after repeated indomethacin treatment.

The aim of the study was to assess the small intestine permeability by using lactulose as a sugar probe and blood metabolites in sheep after a challenge with repeated indomethacin injections. According to a changeover design, 7 adult sheep (4 males and 3 females) were subjected to 4 intramuscular injections (every 12 h) of saline [control (CRT); 7 animals] or indomethacin (INDO; 7 animals). Two hours after the last injection, 30 g of lactulose were administered orally to both CTR and INDO. Blood samples were collected daily for the analysis of the metabolic profile and 5 samples were collected…

Detection of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever from clinical cases in Ethiopian cattle.

Mucoid nasal discharge, loss of weight, decreased milk production, diarrhoea, salivation, dyspnoea, fever, lacrimation, bilateral corneal op … investigation resulting in the detection of ovine OvHV-2 in cattle and confirming the existence of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever in Ethiopia.

Schmallenberg virus: a seroprevalence survey in cattle and sheep, France, winter 2011-2012.

In France, a national surveillance plan to monitor congenital Schmallenberg virus (SBV) outbreaks was set up in January 2012, and has shown that SBV had become widespread throughout the country since mid-2011. However, the number of SBV-infected farms cannot accurately be estimated through congenital SBV reporting alone. Therefore, GDS France (National Animal Health Farmers' Organization) conducted serological investigations in cattle and sheep holdings in several departments in spring 2012 to assess SBV exposure in 2011. A serological study was also conducted in the department of Saône-et-Loi…

In vivo study of pedicle screw augmentation using bioactive glass in osteoporosis sheep.

STUDY DESIGN: Augmentation of pedicle screws with bioactive glass (BG) was performed in osteoporotic ovine spine in vivo. Biomechanical tests, micro-computed tomography (CT) analysis, and histologic observation were performed. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biomechanical stability of pedicle screws augmented by BG in osteoporotic sheep and observe the bone-screw interface histologically. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There is little information on the long-term biomechanical performance and screw-bone interfacial bonding of pedicle screws augmented with BG in osteoporotic spine in vivo. METHOD…

Can efficient management of sheep gastro-intestinal nematodes be based on random treatment?

Targeted selective treatment has been proposed as a method to reduce gastro-intestinal nematode infections in ruminants and lower the selective pressure that leads to anthelmintic resistance. Since nematodes are highly aggregated within their host population, treating only the most heavily infected hosts offers an efficient and sustainable strategy to reduce infection within the flock and slow the spread of anthelmintic resistance. Although effective methods to correctly identify such hosts are available, their feasibility is often limited in the field conditions. Instead, treating part of the

Acute and chronic disease associated with naturally occurring T-2 mycotoxicosis in sheep.

A flock of approximately 1,000 sheep were exposed intermittently to food contaminated with T-2 toxin (T-2), a potent type-A trichothecene mycotoxin produced primarily by Fusarium sporotrichioides and Fusarium poae. In the acute stage of the intoxication, affected sheep developed anorexia, decreased water consumption, ruminal atony, soft faeces and apathy. One hundred and ninety of the exposed sheep died. The main gross lesions observed in animals dying during the acute disease were rumenitis and ulcerative abomasitis, depletion of lymphocytes in lymphoid organs, necrosis of the exocrine pancre…

Acute supplementation of amino acids increases net protein accretion in IUGR fetal sheep.

Placental insufficiency decreases fetal amino acid uptake from the placenta, plasma insulin concentrations, and protein accretion, thus compromising normal fetal growth trajectory. We tested whether acute supplementation of amino acids or insulin into the fetus with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) would increase net fetal protein accretion rates. Late-gestation IUGR and control (CON) fetal sheep received acute, 3-h infusions of amino acids (with euinsulinemia), insulin (with euglycemia and euaminoacidemia), or saline. Fetal leucine metabolism was measured under steady-state conditions f…

Sheep skin odor improves trap captures of mosquito vectors of Rift Valley fever.

In recent years, the East African region has seen an increase in arboviral diseases transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods. Effective surveillance to monitor and reduce incidence of these infections requires the use of appropriate vector sampling tools. Here, trapped skin volatiles on fur from sheep, a known preferred host of mosquito vectors of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), were used with a standard CDC light trap to improve catches of mosquito vectors. We tested the standard CDC light trap alone (L), and baited with (a) CO(2) (LC), (b) animal volatiles (LF), and (c) CO(2) plus animal vola…

Immunodetection of aquaporin 5 in sheep salivary glands related to pasture vegetative cycle.

Mammalian aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of at least 13 integral membrane proteins expressed in various epithelia, where they function as channels to permeate water and small solutes. AQP5 is widely expressed in the exocrine gland where it is likely involved in providing an appropriate amount of fluid to be secreted with granular contents. As regards AQP5 expression in the salivary glands, literature is lacking concerning domestic animal species. This study was chiefly aimed at immunohistochemically investigating the presence and localization of AQP5 in sheep mandibular and parotid glands. In …

Analysis of airway epithelial regeneration and repair following endobronchial brush biopsy in sheep.

Understanding the fundamental processes involved in repairing the airway wall following injury is fundamental to understanding the way in which these processes are perturbed during disease pathology. Indeed complex diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have at their core evidence of airway wall remodeling processes that play a crucial functional role in these diseases. The authors sought to understand the dynamic cellular events that occur during bronchial airway epithelial repair in sheep. The injury was induced by endobronchial brush biopsy (BBr), a process…

Rates and determinants of antimicrobial use, including extra-label, on Ontario sheep farms.

Few antimicrobials are licensed for use in sheep in Canada, and the range of indications is narrow. Treatment in an "extra-label" manner may be ineffective. In addition, potentially harmful drug residues in food-animal products and antimicrobial resistance in bacteria may be associated with extra-label drug use (ELDU). No data had been documented on drug use, specifically antimicrobial use (AMU), in Ontario sheep, although it was thought that much use was extra-label. This study investigated AMU and ELDU on 49 lamb-producing Ontario sheep farms. Data were prospectively collected over 12 months…

Neuroactive steroids induce changes in fetal sheep behavior during normoxic and asphyxic states.

Allopregnanolone and related steroids are potent γ-aminobutyric acid receptor-A receptor agonistic allosteric modulators that suppress central nervous system (CNS) activity; in some species, these neurosteroids regulate normal CNS activity before birth. The aims of this study were to determine the effect of suppressing allopregnanolone production on behavioral responses to transient asphyxia in late gestation fetal sheep using the 5α-reductase (R)-2 inhibitor, finasteride. Specificity of the effects of finasteride was assessed by co-infusion of alfaxalone, a synthetic analog of allopregnanolon…

Strategic use of crutching and dicyclanil to protect unmulesed sheep against breech strike.

OBJECTIVE: To test strategies for the application of dicyclanil and mid-season crutching to maximise protection of unmulesed sheep against breech strike. PROCEDURE: Three hundred and eighty unmulesed Merino weaners were randomly allocated to four groups either left untreated or treated by different strategies with 50 g/L dicyclanil. Treatments included breech treatment alone and breech plus body treatment, with two application times, immediately after shearing and 6 weeks after crutching or shearing. To assess protection, larval implants with newly hatched Lucilia cuprina larvae were applied …

Evaluation of nitazoxanide and oxfendazole efficacy against cystic echinococcosis in naturally infected sheep.

Cystic echinococosis (CE) is a public health problem caused by Echinococcus granulosus. We aimed to determine the efficacy of nitazoxanide (NTZ) and oxfendazole (OXF) against CE in naturally infected sheep. A total of 151 ewes were assigned to the following groups: 15 mg/kg of NTZ weekly for five weeks (NTZ5); two rounds of 15 mg/ kg of NTZ a day for five days (NTZ5x2) two weeks apart; 30 mg/kg of OXF a week for 11 weeks (OXF11); 30 mg/kg of OXF plus 15 mg/kg of NTZ a week for 11 weeks (OXF/NTZ); and the control group. OXF11 and OXF/NTZ decreased the number of fertile cysts, increased the numb…

A localized negative genetic correlation constrains microevolution of coat color in wild sheep.

The evolutionary changes that occur over a small number of generations in natural populations often run counter to what is expected on the basis of the heritability of traits and the selective forces acting upon them. In Soay sheep, dark coat color is associated with large size, which is heritable and positively correlated with fitness, yet the frequency of dark sheep has decreased. This unexpected microevolutionary trend is explained by genetic linkage between the causal mutation underlying the color polymorphism and quantitative trait loci with antagonistic effects on size and fitness. As a …

Заболеваемость лихорадкой Q (коксиэллозом) у овец из южного района Мармара, Турция.

В Турции имеется мало информации о лихорадке Q, вызванной зоонозом Coxiella signetii и передаваемой из домашних червей. Это исследование было направлено на изучение распространенности серопов в стадах овец из трех провинций (Бурсы, Баликешир и Канаккале). Серообследование проводилось на 42 стадах, которые были классифицированы по размерам. Сера была произвольно собрана у конкретных возрастных групп молодежи. Для выявления инфекции в овцах использовался комплект "CHEKIT Q-Fever ELISA". Результаты показали, что 20% (n=151) овец были серопозитивными. В общей сложности 34 стада (81 процент) обнару

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Little information is available in Turkey on Q fever, a zoonose caused by Coxiella burnetii and transmitted from domestic ruminants. This study aimed at investigating the seroprevalence in sheep flocks from three provinces (Bursa, Balikesir and Canakkale). Serosurvey was undertaken on 42 flocks, which were categorised by sizes. Sera were collected randomly f…

mu-Opioid stimulation of isolated parietal sheep peritoneum decreases peritoneal permeability in vitro.

The peritoneal mesothelium is one of the main barriers to ion transport in peritoneal dialysis. In a previous study, we showed the existence of a micro-opioid influence on the in vitro ionic permeability of serosal membranes (specifically, pleura and pericardium), which become less permeable to ionic currents after the action of morphine. In the present study, we used Ussing chamber experiments to investigate the effect of morphine on the transmesothelial electrical resistance (RTM) of isolated parietal sheep peritoneum. Peritoneal samples from the diaphragm of adult sheep were isolated direct…

Sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate variability during severe hemorrhagic shock in sheep.

INTRODUCTION: In this study we explored direct and indirect measures of autonomic nervous system function, as well as changes in cardiovascular complexity, during hemorrhagic shock (HS). METHODS: HS was induced in anesthetized sheep (n=8) by removing 40 ml/kg of blood in four 10 ml/kg steps over 40 min. Resuscitation was performed with lactated Ringer's and re-infusion of shed blood. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) was measured by microneurography. Spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) employed fast-Fourier transformation of the R-to-R interval (RRI) of the EKG. This gener…

Three-dimensional spinal motion and risk of low back injury during sheep shearing.

Sheep shearers are known to work in sustained flexed postures and have a high prevalence of low back pain (LBP). As sustained posture and spinal movement asymmetry under substantial loads are known risk factors for back injury our aim was to describe the 3D spinal movement of shearers while working. We hypothesised that thoraco-lumbar and lumbo-sacral movement would be tri-axial, asymmetric, and task specific. Sufficient retro-reflective markers were placed on the trunk of 12 shearers to define thoraco-lumbar and lumbo-sacral 3D motion during three tasks. Thoraco-lumbar movement consistently i…