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Brazilian Academy of Neurology recommendations for diagnosis, management, and treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP).

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is an acquired autoimmune disorder that leads to progressive motor and sensory impairment, resulting in significant morbidity. While the incidence rates vary, CIDP remains a challenging condition requiring a standardized and optimized approach to diagnosis and management. In Brazil, a middle-income country with substantial regional disparities in healthcare access, the availability of specialized neuromuscular centers is uneven, creating obstacles to timely and effective treatment. To address these challenges, the Brazilian Acade

Childhood Cancer: Occurrence, Treatment and Risk of Second Primary Malignancies.

Cancer represents the leading cause of disease-related death and treatment-associated morbidity in children with an increasing trend in recent decades worldwide. Nevertheless, the 5-year survival of childhood cancer patients has been raised impressively to more than 80% during the past decades, primarily attributed to improved diagnostic technologies and multiagent cytotoxic regimens. This strong benefit of more efficient tumor control and prolonged survival is compromised by an increased risk of adverse and fatal late sequelae. Long-term survivors of pediatric tumors are at the utmost risk fo

Three- размерная структура комплекса Palbociclib-HIV TAR.

Мы представляем структуру HIV-1 элемент реакции на трансактивацию (TAR), связанный с киназным ингибитором palbociclib, однозначным лигандом nM и ингибитором с низким значением nM комплекса супер удлинения. Маленькая молекула перестраивает РНК, чтобы создать глубокий связующий карман в новой структуре ТАР. Он заменяет A22 на "интермолекулярную пару" с U40, создавая постоянно сложенную пару. 11 спираль, которая включает в себя three :: новые три базы, включая саму A22 и нуклеотиды UCU. Мутация нуклеотидов в связующем кармане или небольшие модификации малой молекулы, отменяющей связующую способно

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… The molecular basis for human immunodeficiency virus latency. Ann Rev Virol. 2017;4:261–85. 10.1146/annurev-virology-101416-041646. 18. Hamy F, Felder ER, Heizmann G et al. An inhibitor of the tat/TAR RNA interaction that effectively suppresses HIV-1 replication. …

Spectrum of Movement Disorders in Hematological Malignancies: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Clinical Phenotypes, Mechanisms, and Outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Movement disorders associated with hematologic malignancies remain incompletely defined. This review synthesized published articles to clarify clinical patterns, mechanisms, and outcomes across hematologic malignancies. METHODS: A PRISMA-compliant systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted to identify reports describing movement disorders associated with hematologic malignancies. Eligible reports were screened according to predefined criteria, and data were extracted on demographics, hematologic diagnosis, central nervous system (CNS) involvement

Viruses

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Preventing Varicella-Zoster: Advances With the Recombinant Zoster Vaccine.

Prevention strategies against varicella zoster infection include chemoprophylaxis with acyclovir and live attenuated zoster vaccine. However, resistance to acyclovir has been problematic, and safety concerns have limited the use of the live attenuated vaccine in immunosuppressed patients. Recombinant zoster vaccine, made available in 2017 for the immunocompetent host, has been evaluated for safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in several immunocompromised settings as well. The present review compares the live attenuated vaccine and the recombinant zoster vaccine and highlights data on the use

Новые горизонты для мультислерозовой терапии: 2025 и дальше.

Прогресс, достигнутый в борьбе с множественным склерозом (МС), представляет собой one о больших успехах современной молекулярной медицины. Развитие методов лечения с повышением избирательности и безопасности, руководствуясь достижениями в понимании фундаментальной иммунологии, нейробиологии, генетики и причин этой болезни, расширило традиционный акцент на лечении, добавив реальные возможности для профилактики и лечения. Здесь мы резюмируем последние достижения, которые вместе превратили эту болезнь из наиболее часто встречающегося в западном мире криппера на ее место сегодня как условие, в кот

Methamphetamine induces transcriptional changes in cultured HIV-infected mature monocytes that may contribute to HIV neuropathogenesis.

HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (HIV-NCI) persists in 15-40% of people with HIV (PWH) despite effective antiretroviral therapy. HIV-NCI significantly impacts quality of life, and there is currently no effective treatment for it. The development of HIV-NCI is complex and is mediated, in part, by the entry of HIV-infected mature monocytes into the central nervous system (CNS). Once in the CNS, these cells release inflammatory mediators that lead to neuroinflammation, and subsequent neuronal damage. Infected monocytes may infect other CNS cells as well as differentiate into macrophages,

Concomitant Use of Neuroprotective Drugs in Neuro Rehabilitation of Multiple Sclerosis.

We provide an overview of rehabilitation in neurological diseases. A large amount of literature available on neurorehabilitation is based from the rehabilitative work on stroke and spinal cord injuries. After a brief description of rehabilitation, the potential application of neurorehabilitation in neurodegenerative diseases specifically multiple sclerosis (MS) is summarized. Since MS causes a wide variety of symptoms, the rehabilitation in MS patients may benefit from an interdisciplinary approach that encloses physiotherapy, cognitive rehabilitation, psychological therapy, occupational thera

Анализ макулярной и оптической нервно-паралитической васкулатуры с использованием оптической топографической ангиографии у пациентов с лимфотропическим вирусом типа 1.

ЦЕЛЬ: Сопоставление микроваскулатуры на голове макулярного и оптического нерва (НН) с использованием оптической топографической ангиографии (OCT-A) в асимптоматических вирусах человека Т-клеток типа 1 (HTLV-1) и пациентов с микроваскулатурой HTLV-1, связанной с миэлопатией/тропическим спастичным парапаресом (HAM/TSP), в поисках потенциальных биомаркеров развития заболеваний. МЕТОДЫ: Экспериментальное исследование по анализу количественных параметров OCT-A васкулатуры макулы и ОНГ у асимптоматических носителей HTLV-1 (группа 1) и пациентов с HAM/TSP (группа 2). Результаты: Включено до 41 глаза

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM): Current View into Etiopathogenesis and Clinical Features.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare, immune-mediated demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) that predominantly affects children and young adults. ADEM typically follows an infectious or, less commonly, immunization-related trigger, and despite decades of clinical observation, its etiopathogenesis remains only partially understood. Clinically, the diagnosis of ADEM continues to pose significant challenges due to the absence of disease-specific biomarkers and its clinical and radiological overlap with other acquired demyelinating syndromes. This narrative re

Immunosenescence and cancer predisposition in pediatric transplant recipients: An emerging paradigm.

Pediatric solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients paradoxically experience accelerated immune aging despite chronological youth, establishing a paradigm with profound implications for cancer risk and long-term outcomes. This comprehensive review synthesizes current evidence demonstrating how transplantation-related factors, anti-thymocyte globulin-mediated T cell depletion, cytomegalovirus reactivation, chronic immunosuppression, and thymic dysfunction, induce premature immunosenescent phenotypes. These processes converge to generate T cell populations exhibiting CD28 los

Реактивность антител против EBNA1 и GlialCAM отличает пациентов с множественным склерозом от здорового контроля.

Множественный склероз (MS) — аутоиммунное демиелионирующее расстройство центральной нервной системы (CNS), которое связано с вирусом Эпштейн-Барр (EBV) перед заболеванием. Молекулярные механизмы, лежащие в основе этой связи, понимаются лишь частично. Ранее мы описали молекулярную анимацию между коэффициентом транскрипции EBV ядерный антиген 1 (EBNA1) и тремя человеческими белками CNS: аноктамином-2 (ANO2), альфа-B кристаллом (CRYAB) и молекулой глиального сцепления клеток (GlialCAM). Здесь мы изучили антителные реакции на EBNA1 и GlialCAM в большой группе из 650 пациентов MS и 661 популяционны

Human herpesvirus type 6 reactivation after haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation with post-transplant cyclophosphamide and antithymocyte globulin: risk factors and clinical impact.

Human herpesvirus type 6 (HHV6) reactivation after haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PT-Cy) has been scarcely studied, especially when antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is added to the graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis. We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 100 consecutive patients receiving haploidentical HCT with PT-Cy. We systematically monitored HHV6 DNA loads in blood samples on a weekly basis using quantitative PCR until day +100. The 100-day cumulative incidence of HHV6 reactivation was 54%. Clinically significant

Изучение роли EBV в многочисленных склерозных патогенезах с помощью взаимодействия EBV.

Вирус Эпштейн-Барр (ЭБВ) является известным фактором риска в связи с множественным склерозом (МС), несмотря на то, что основополагающие молекулярные механизмы неясны и включают в себя многочисленные иммунные пути. Кроме того, до сих пор не реализована конечная роль EBV в патогенезе MS. С другой стороны, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) был определен в качестве защитного фактора для MS. ЦЕЛИ: Данное исследование направлено на выявление связанных с MS генов, которые пересекаются с EBV, и изучение их выражения в иммунных и глиальных подтипах клеток. Мы использовали P-HripSTer, GWAS и Human Protein Atlas (HP

Вирусная инфекция Эпштейна-Барра поощряет диагностику Т клеток в гуманизированной модели мыши множественного склероза.

Скрытая инфекция вируса Эпштейн-Барр (ЭБВ) является серьезным фактором риска для развития множественных склерозов (МС), хотя основополагающие механизмы остаются неясными. Для изучения этой связи мы спровоцировали экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиелит (EAE) в мышах с иммунодефицитными мышами, восстановленных с периферийными моноядерными клетками крови (PBMC) у лиц, которые имели или не имели историю заражения EBV и/или повторного образования MS (RMS). Мыши HuPBMC EAE, генерируемые EBV-серонегативными здоровыми донорами, были менее восприимчивы к возникновению серьезных неврологических с

Emerging strategies and therapies for treatment of Paget's disease of bone.

Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a progressive monostotic or polyostotic metabolic bone disease characterized by focal abnormal bone remodeling, with increased bone resorption and excessive, disorganized, new bone formation. PDB rarely occurs before middle age, and it is the second most frequent metabolic bone disorder after osteoporosis, affecting up to 3% of adults over 55 years of age. One of the most striking and intriguing clinical features is the focal nature of the disorder, in that once the disease is established within a bone, there is only local spread within that bone and no systemi

A Review of New Findings in Adult T-cell Leukemia-Lymphoma: A Focus on Current and Emerging Treatment Strategies.

Adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL), a rare and aggressive T-cell malignancy caused by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is associated with a poor prognosis. Evidence-based standard treatment options are lacking and outcomes are generally unsatisfactory, particularly for patients with relapsed or refractory disease. Continued research is contributing to changing treatment landscape as a number of existing and investigational agents are evaluated. We describe the epidemiology of HTLV-1 and ATL, discuss the biology behind the disease, review current treatment practices and guidel

Chinese expert consensus recommendations for the administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors to special cancer patient populations.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death 1, programmed cell death ligand 1, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 have shown significantly durable clinical benefits and tolerable toxicities and have improved the survival of patients with various types of cancer. Since 2018, the National Medical Products Administration of China has approved 17 ICIs as the standard treatment for certain advanced or metastatic solid tumors. As ICIs represent a broad-spectrum antitumor strategy, the populations eligible for cancer immunotherapy are rapidly expanding. However, t

Incidence and cost of treatment-emergent comorbid events in insured patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a retrospective cohort study.

BackgroundTreatment-emergent comorbid events (TECs) are common In patients initiating treatment with pegylated interferon alpha (PEG-IFN-alfa) and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence and incremental cost of these events.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort analysis of healthcare claims, we studied patients with HCV who were newly treated with PEG-IFN-alfa/ribavirin between 2006 and 2008. TECs were defined by new medical/pharmacy claims for predefined conditions in the 12 months after treatment initiation. The net incremen