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Cancer survivorship at heart: a multidisciplinary cardio-oncology roadmap for healthcare professionals.

In cancer, a patient is considered a survivor from the time of initial diagnosis until the end of life. With improvements in early diagnosis and treatment, the number of cancer survivors (CS) has grown considerably and includes: (1) Patients cured and free from cancer who may be at risk of late-onset cancer therapy-related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR-CVT); (2) Patients with long-term control of not-curable cancers in whom CTR-CVT may need to be addressed. This paper highlights the importance of the cancer care continuum, of a patient-centered approach and of a prevention-oriented policy. The

Update on Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: Recent Developments in Its Prevention, Early Diagnosis, and Therapy.

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), now more accurately referred to as contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI), remains a major cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, particularly in high-risk patients. This condition occurs following the intravascular administration of iodinated radiocontrast media (RCM), especially in individuals with pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes mellitus, heart failure, advanced age, or exposure to high contrast volumes. The pathophysiology of CI-AKI is multifactorial and in

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Elucidation of molecular basis of osteolytic bone lesions in advanced multiple myeloma.

Osteolytic bone lesion is a major cause of lower quality of life and poor prognosis in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), but molecular pathogenesis of the osteolytic process in MM remains elusive. Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L) was reported to be elevated in bone marrow (BM) and blood of patients with advanced MM who often show osteolysis. Here, we investigated a functional link of FLT3L to osteolytic process in MM. We recruited 86, 306, and 52 patients with MM, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), respectively. FLT3L levels of patients with hemat

Human inhibitory leukocyte Ig-like receptors: from immunotolerance to immunotherapy.

In recent decades, immunotherapeutic strategies have been used to treat a wide range of pathologies, many of which were previously incurable, such as cancer and autoimmune disorders. Despite this unprecedented success, a considerable number of patients fail to respond to currently approved immunotherapies or develop resistance over time. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop the next generation of immune-targeted therapies. Various members of the Ig superfamily play essential roles in regulating leukocyte functions. One such group, the leukocyte Ig-like receptors (LILRs), have been imp

Innovative Biomaterials for the Treatment of Bone Cancer.

Bone cancer is a demanding challenge for contemporary medicine due to its high frequency of presentation and significant heterogeneity of malignant lesions developing within the bone. To date, available treatments are rarely curative and are primarily aimed at prolonging patients' survival and ameliorating their quality of life. Furthermore, both pharmacological and surgical therapies are aggravated by a consistent burden of adverse events and subsequent disability due to the loss of healthy bone structural and functional properties. Therefore, great research efforts are being made to develop

Комплексный номер копий с высоким разрешением и гистомолекулярный анализ диффузной глиомы в масштабах полушария, H3 G34-mutant обнаруживает общие аномалии TP53.

Диффузная глиома в масштабах полушария, Н3 G34-mutant (В тыс.DHG-H3 G34 характеризуется главным образом молекулярным профилированием метилирования и исследованиями последовательности. Мы описываем комплексную гистомолекулярную оценку, включая профили копий с высоким разрешением серии 60 DHG-H3 G34 для дальнейшего понимания спектра генетических изменений, связанных с этим типом опухолей. Случаи были подвергнуты клиническому тестированию с использованием: 187-gene мутация и синтез были нацелены на нейроонтологию следующего поколения (n = 60) и онкосканского хромосомного микроаррара (n = 26) одно

FN14 and GRP94 expression are prognostic/predictive biomarkers of brain metastasis outcome that open up new therapeutic strategies.

Brain metastasis is a devastating problem in patients with breast, lung and melanoma tumors. GRP94 and FN14 are predictive biomarkers over-expressed in primary breast carcinomas that metastasized in brain. To further validate these brain metastasis biomarkers, we performed a multicenter study including 318 patients with breast carcinomas. Among these patients, there were 138 patients with metastasis, of whom 84 had brain metastasis. The likelihood of developing brain metastasis increased by 5.24-fold (95%CI 2.83-9.71) and 2.55- (95%CI 1.52-4.3) in the presence of FN14 and GRP94, respectively.

Recent Trends in anti-tumor mechanisms and molecular targets of celastrol.

Celastrol, a compound derived from traditional Chinese medicine, has therapeutic effects and has been used to treat inflammation-related diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, current reviews lack a comprehensive and systematic summary of the anti-tumor mechanisms and molecular targets of celastrol. For this reason, this paper reviews the anticancer properties of celastrol and the molecular mechanisms underlying its anticancer effects. This paper primarily focuses on the mechanism of action of celastrol in terms of inhibition of cell proliferation a

Chimeric Antigen Receptor Design and Efficacy in Ovarian Cancer Treatment.

Our increased understanding of tumour biology gained over the last few years has led to the development of targeted molecular therapies, e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) antagonists, poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitors in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutants), increasing survival and improving the quality of life. However, the majority of ovarian cancer (OC) patients still do not have access to targeted molecular therapies that would be capable of controlling their disease, especially resistant or relapsed. Chimeric antigen rece

Clinical development of galunisertib (LY2157299 monohydrate), a small molecule inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway.

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling regulates a wide range of biological processes. TGF-β plays an important role in tumorigenesis and contributes to the hallmarks of cancer, including tumor proliferation, invasion and metastasis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and escape of immune surveillance. There are several pharmacological approaches to block TGF-β signaling, such as monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, antisense oligonucleotides, and small molecule inhibitors. Galunisertib (LY2157299 monohydrate) is an oral small molecule inhibitor of the TGF-β receptor I kinase that specifically

The role of CD38 in HIV infection.

The widely-expressed molecule CD38 is a single-stranded type II transmembrane glycoprotein that is mainly involved in regulating the differentiation and activation state of the cell. CD38 has broad and complex functions, including enzymatic activity, intercellular signal transduction, cell activation, cytokine production, receptor function and adhesion activity, and it plays an important role in the physiological and pathological processes of many diseases. Many studies have shown that CD38 is related to the occurrence and development of HIV infection, and CD38 may regulate its progression thr

Expert panel consensus statement on the optimal use of pomalidomide in relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma.

In this report, a panel of European myeloma experts discuss the role of pomalidomide in the treatment of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Based on the available evidence, the combination of pomalidomide and low-dose dexamethasone is a well-tolerated and effective treatment option for patients with RRMM who have exhausted treatment with lenalidomide and bortezomib. The optimal starting dose of pomalidomide is 4 mg given on days 1-21 of each 28-day cycle, whereas dexamethasone is administered at a dose of 40 mg weekly (reduced to 20 mg for patients aged >75 years). The treatment

Precision-Engineered CD3 T-Cell Engagers for Solid Tumours: Conditional Activation, Microenvironment Modulation, and Clinical Translation.

BackgroundT-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies (TCEs) have transformed haematological malignancy treatment (blinatumomab > 40% complete remission), yet solid tumour efficacy remains limited (MethodsReview of 55 phase I-III trials of CD3-based TCEs in solid tumours, including tarlatamab (DLL3-targeted, small-cell lung cancer) and xaluritamig (STEAP1-targeted, prostate cancer). Analysis of next-generation engineering strategies and resistance mechanisms via genomic and immunohistochemical data.ResultResponse rates now approach ~40% in selected settings, marking an inflection point. In extensive

New insights into non-small cell lung cancer bone metastasis: mechanisms and therapies.

Bone metastasis is a common cause of death in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with approximately 30-40% of NSCLC patients eventually developing bone metastases. Bone metastasis, especially the occurrence of skeletal-related events (SREs), significantly reduces overall survival (OS) and quality of life (QoL) in patients. Although bone-targeting agents (BTAs) have been shown to reduce SREs and improve QoL in NSCLC patients with bone metastases, the prognosis for these patients remains poor. Understanding the underlying molecular pathways of bone metastasis is crucial for the de

Clinical development of gene therapy: results and lessons from recent successes.

Therapeutic gene transfer holds the promise of providing lasting therapies and even cures for diseases that were previously untreatable or for which only temporary or suboptimal treatments were available. For some time, clinical gene therapy was characterized by some impressive but rare examples of successes and also several setbacks. However, effective and long-lasting treatments are now being reported from gene therapy trials at an increasing pace. Positive outcomes have been documented for a wide range of genetic diseases (including hematological, immunological, ocular, and neurodegenerativ

A novel approach to enhance glioblastoma multiforme treatment efficacy: non-coding RNA targeted therapy and adjuvant approaches.

BackgroundGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor. With the current gold standard chemotherapy treatment, temozolomide (TMZ), many patients do not survive beyond one year. While the urgency of researching novel treatments is understandable, the prohibitively high costs and the prolonged duration of research and clinical trials significantly delay the availability of medical advancements to the general public. This highlights the urgent need for adjuvant therapies to enhance treatment effectiveness.Main bodyRecent research has suggested the potential of repurposing FDA-approved dr

Unraveling the Potential of SGK1 in Osteoporosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Targets.

Osteoporosis (OP) is a prevalent metabolic bone disease, with several million cases of fractures resulting from osteoporosis worldwide each year. This phenomenon contributes to a substantial increase in direct medical expenditures and poses a considerable socioeconomic burden. Despite its prevalence, our understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains limited. Recent studies have demonstrated the involvement of serum glucocorticoid-regulated protein kinase 1 (SGK1) in multiple signaling pathways that regulate bone metabolism and its significant role in the development of osteoporosis. There

Митохондриальная пригодность как функциональная контрольная точка в раке: метаболическая пластичность, эволюция опухолей и иммунотерапия.

Митохондрия все чаще признается в качестве динамичных регуляторов адаптации к раковым клеткам, иммунной функции и терапевтической реакции. Помимо их канонической роли в производстве энергии, митохондриальный метаболизм, динамика, контроль качества и сигнализация стресса влияют на выживание клеток опухоли и способность клеток иммунного эффекта поддерживать антитумберную активность в микроопухоли. В этом обзоре мы рассматриваем митохондриальную пригодность как многоаспектное функциональное достояние, включающее биоэнергетику, метаболическую гибкость, повторное гомеостаз, контроль качества митохо

Mechanistic Insights into the Metabolic Pathways and Neuroprotective Potential of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids: In-Depth Analysis of Betulin, Betulinic, and Ursolic Acids.

Due to their complexity, both genotypic and phenotypic, neurodegenerative diseases are one of the main causes of death globally nowadays. Among phytochemicals of high scientific interest, based on experimental studies, pentacyclic triterpenoids (TTs), including mainly betulin, betulinic, and ursolic acid, became targets of scientific research in recent years, especially in terms of their biological activity and pharmacological potential. Due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as their involvement in cellular signal transductions, they have been observed to act as an

Запоздалое переливание после лечения CART связано с стойкой гематотоксичностью и безвозвратной смертностью во многих миеломах: постспециальный анализ.

ЦЫПЛЕНОК: Химерическая антигенная рецепторная T-клетка (CAR-T-клетка) весьма эффективна для повторной/рефракторной множественной миеломы (R/R MM), однако гематологическая токсичность и потребность в переливании крови остаются распространенными явлениями. В ходе этого исследования были изучены модели потребностей в переливании у пациентов, получающих клеточную терапию CAR-T, проанализированы факторы риска и оценены последствия переливания для клинических результатов. МЕТОДЫ: Это ретроспективное исследование включало 155 Пациенты ОРМ лечатся клетками ЦАР-Т, направленными против различных антиген