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Viral Inhibition of Bacterial Phagocytosis by Human Macrophages: Redundant Role of CD36.

Macrophages are essential to maintaining lung homoeostasis and recent work has demonstrated that influenza-infected lung macrophages downregulate their expression of the scavenger receptor CD36. This receptor has also been shown to be involved in phagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a primary agent associated with pneumonia secondary to viral infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CD36 in the effects of viral infection on macrophage phagocytic function. Human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were exposed to H3N2 X31 influenza virus, M37 respiratory syncytial vir

Azithromycin induces anti-viral effects in cultured bronchial epithelial cells from COPD patients.

Rhinovirus infection is a major cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations and may contribute to the development into severe stages of COPD. The macrolide antibiotic azithromycin may exert anti-viral actions and has been reported to reduce exacerbations in COPD. However, little is known about its anti-viral actions on bronchial epithelial cells at clinically relevant concentrations. Primary bronchial epithelial cells from COPD donors and healthy individuals were treated continuously with azithromycin starting 24 h before infection with rhinovirus RV16. Expression of in

Dual diagnosis: rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is the most common rheumatologic disease in children. Moreover, multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent demyelinating disease and has been associated with various chronic inflammatory diseases. However, its association with JRA has not been frequently described. Autoimmunity in both JRA and MS has been documented in the scientific literature, although there has been no definitive finding that patients with JRA are prone to the development of MS. An increasing frequency of MS resulting from an increased use of antitumor necrosis factor agents in the trea

Enhancement of interferon induction by ORF3 product of hepatitis E virus.

UNLABELLED: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes both the endemic and epidemic spread of acute hepatitis in many parts of the world. HEV open reading frame 3 (ORF3) encodes a 13-kDa multifunctional protein (vp13) that is essential for HEV infection of animals. The exact role of vp13 in HEV infection remains unclear. In this study, vp13 was found to enhance interferon (IFN) production induced by poly(I · C), a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA. Poly(I · C) treatment induced a higher level of IFN-β mRNA in HeLa cells stably expressing vp13 than in control cells. Using a luciferase reporter const

Inflammation-related cytokines in oral lichen planus: an overview.

Cytokines are powerful mediators which play a central role in both innate and adapted immune responses. Aberrant productions of cytokines may lead to the onset of immune deficiency, allergy or autoimmunity, which are involved in the mechanisms of various immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammation disease affecting the oral mucosa with unknown aetiology. Previous studies have described the abnormal expression patterns of various inflammation-related cytokines, such as IL-1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 17, 18, TGF-β, IFN-γ and TNF-α, in lesions, saliva,

Myeloid type I interferon signaling promotes atherosclerosis by stimulating macrophage recruitment to lesions.

Inflammatory cytokines are well-recognized mediators of atherosclerosis. Depending on the pathological context, type I interferons (IFNs; IFNalpha and IFNbeta) exert either pro- or anti-inflammatory immune functions, but their exact role in atherogenesis has not been clarified. Here, we demonstrate that IFNbeta enhances macrophage-endothelial cell adhesion and promotes leukocyte attraction to atherosclerosis-prone sites in mice in a chemokine-dependent manner. Moreover, IFNbeta treatment accelerates lesion formation in two different mouse models of atherosclerosis and increases macrophage accu

Soybean-derived Bowman-Birk Inhibitor (BBI) Inhibits HIV Replication in Macrophages.

The Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI), a soybean-derived protease inhibitor, is known to have anti-inflammatory effect in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Macrophages play a key role in inflammation and immune activation, which is implicated in HIV disease progression. Here, we investigated the effect of BBI on HIV infection of peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages. We demonstrated that BBI could potently inhibit HIV replication in macrophages without cytotoxicity. Investigation of the mechanism(s) of BBI action on HIV showed that BBI induced the expression of IFN-β and multiple IFN stimul

Aetiopathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis.

The histological hallmark of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a dense portal mononuclear cell infiltrate that invades the surrounding parenchyma and comprises T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, and plasma cells. An unknown but powerful stimulus must be promoting the formation of this massive inflammatory cellular reaction that is likely to initiate and perpetuate liver damage. An autoimmune attack can follow different pathways to inflict damage on hepatocytes. Liver damage is likely to be orchestrated by CD4(+) T lymphocytes recognizing an autoantigenic liver peptide. To trigger an autoimmune resp

Disease progression markers during asymptomatic phase of HIV-1 infected children with unimpaired CD4+ cell values: evaluation of repeat CD4+ cell evaluation vs. other immunological parameters.

The availability of a marker that could predict the course of disease progression in HIV-infected individuals would be of considerable relevance during the asymptomatic stage in order to undertake timely prophylactic measures. A prospective study was undertaken in a group of 42 children suffering from thalassemia major with HIV-1 infection to assess the status of immune parameters, such as peripheral CD4+ T lymphocyte (CD4+ cell) percentage, delayed type of hypersensitivity (DTH) response to recall antigens, detection rate and levels of p24 antigen, and levels of beta-2 microglobulin and cytok

The sympathetic nerve--an integrative interface between two supersystems: the brain and the immune system.

The brain and the immune system are the two major adaptive systems of the body. During an immune response the brain and the immune system "talk to each other" and this process is essential for maintaining homeostasis. Two major pathway systems are involved in this cross-talk: the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). This overview focuses on the role of SNS in neuroimmune interactions, an area that has received much less attention than the role of HPA axis. Evidence accumulated over the last 20 years suggests that norepinephrine (NE) fulfills the c

Larger Acute Phase Reactions Are Associated with Immunogenicity of an Adjuvanted Recombinant Receptor Binding Domain Protein Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2 in Rhesus Monkeys.

BACKGROUND: Although prolonged inflammatory symptoms are an infrequent and problematic adverse effect of vaccination that can occur in some people, the transient activation of acute phase reactants (APRs) is expected with adjuvanted vaccines and helps to potentiate immune responses. METHODS: This experiment examined the association between vaccine reactogenicity and immunogenicity in monkeys immunized with an adjuvanted recombinant protein including a receptor binding domain-human IgG1-Fc fusion protein (RBD-Fc) sequenced from the ancestral Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2. The acute inflammatory r

Mitochondrial transplantation ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis by targeting abnormal CGAS-STING1 signaling activation, autophagosome accumulation, and necroptosis.

Mitochondrial damage in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) is a key factor involved in the development and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, we investigated the role of mitochondrial dysfunction of FLSs in the pathogenesis of RA. We induced inflammation by stimulating FLSs with TNF and IL17. Then, we transplanted fresh mitochondria into stimulated FLSs and evaluated the mitochondrial and lysosomal functions, macroautophagic/autophagic activity, and the STING1-associated cell death pathway. Next, we transplanted mitochondria or gold nanoparticle-conjugated mitochondria (

Targeting pancreatic cancer with adenoviral vectors equipped with transgenes.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers, and current therapeutics provide limited benefits to patients. Desmoplasia and the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) play a huge role in PDAC being elusive to current therapeutics. Here, we strategically selected four transgenes to express from adenovirus vectors to target desmoplasia and the highly immunosuppressive TME in PDAC: interferon gamma (IFNγ), extracellular domain of transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 (sTGFβRII), interleukin 7 (IL7), and the extracellular domain of T-cell Immunoglo

Efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments in inclusion body myositis: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the best evidence on the efficacy of treatment interventions for inclusion body myositis (IBM) and to describe their safety. METHODS: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of pharmacological treatments of adults with IBM, conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook, updating a previous Cochrane review. The search strategy was run on Cochrane Neuromuscular Disease Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE and EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Assessment of risk of bias, data extraction and synth

Human papillomavirus-related conditions in women with multiple sclerosis receiving disease-modifying therapies: A Pharmacovigilance disproportionality analysis from the WHO vigibase®.

BACKGROUND: High-efficacy multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapies (MS-DMTs) are associated with heightened immunosuppressive effects, potentially increasing the risk of infections. However, their association with human papillomavirus (HPV)-related conditions remains underexplored, particularly for newer treatments. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a signal of disproportionate reporting HPV-related conditions in women with MS-DMTs using real-world pharmacovigilance data. METHODS: Individual case safety reports (ICSRs) from Vigibase®, the WHO global pharmacovigilance database, were analysed for M

Соучастие в синдроме Дауна и множественном склерозе.

OBJECT: Синдром Дауна (DS) часто ассоциируется с аутоиммунными заболеваниями; однако о его связи с множественным склерозом (MS) сообщалось редко. В одном из предыдущих докладов совпадение DS и MS продемонстрировало негативную связь. Здесь мы искали совпадение с DS и MS и попытались решить эту негативную связь, сосредоточившись на эффекте дозировки генов, используя доступные отчеты. ФАКУЛЬТАТИВНОЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЕ: 44-летняя женщина с сержантом переживала постепенное ухудшение походки на начальном этапе. Автоиммуно-антитела, включая аквапорин-4, были отрицательными. На основе результатов магнитног

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Type 1 interferons are of particular importance in MS because interferon-beta in humans appears to be protective against autoimmunity associated with MS, and interferon-1b was the first disease- modifying agent for the treatment of relapsing-remitting MS 4) . …

Cellular Advanced Glycation End Products Aggravate the Immune Response in Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Type 1 Diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune response mediated islet beta cells destruction. However, the mechanisms that cause immune response in TIDM are still under investigation. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the regulation of the immune response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with T1DM. METHODS: PBMCs isolated from T1DM patients and control subjects were used in the current study. Cytokines, AGEs related to glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), methylgl