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A 64-year-old woman with rapid neurologic decline diagnosed with Toxoplasma encephalitis after presumed metastatic cancer.

In an era of fragmented medical care, concurrent clinical features that ultimately lead to a unified diagnosis may not be prioritized appropriately. We present a case of a 64-year-old woman referred to hematology clinic for anemia, with recent memory loss and gait disturbance. Two months later, she developed pneumonia; imaging workup showed a left renal mass. Neurologic function continued to decline precluding definitive nephrectomy. She then presented with new-onset seizure and initial neuro-imaging was reported as unremarkable. One month later, outpatient neurologic workup demonstrated new l

Gaucher Disease in Bone: From Pathophysiology to Practice.

Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare, genetic lysosomal disorder leading to lipid accumulation and dysfunction in multiple organs. Involvement of the skeleton is one of the most prevalent aspects of GD and a major cause of pain, disability, and reduced quality of life. Uniform recommendations for contemporary evaluation and management are needed. To develop practical clinical recommendations, an international group of experienced physicians conducted a comprehensive review of 20 years' of the literature, defining terms according to pathophysiological understanding and pointing out best practice and

Cutaneous Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study of Clinical Spectrum and Treatment Patterns.

Cutaneous graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common complication of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Despite established guidelines, discrepancies persist between clinical trial evidence and real-world practice, particularly for newer agents such as ruxolitinib. To characterize the phenotypic spectrum of cutaneous GVHD, evaluate real-world treatment strategies-with a specific focus on systemic and topical ruxolitinib-and assess adherence to national and international guidelines, we conducted a retrospective observational study of patients undergoing allo-HSCT

Molecular therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical trials and future prospects.

The prognosis of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus has greatly improved since treatment regimens combining corticosteroids and immunosuppressive medications have been widely adopted in therapeutic strategies given to these patients. Immune suppression is evidently efficient but also leads to higher susceptibility to infectious and malignant diseases. Toxic effects and sometimes unexpectedly dramatic complications of current therapies have been progressively reported. Identifying novel molecular targets therefore remains an important issue in the treatment of lupus. The aim of this rev

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… Phase I, phase II and phase III clinical trials have been conducted mostly in patients with multiple sclerosis (Novartis, Basel, Switzerland) (reviewed in [ 49 ]). Results are not yet available for patients with SLE. … FTY720 (fingolimod) for relapsing multiple sclerosis. Expert Rev Neurother. 2008;8:699–714. doi: 10.1586/14737175.8.5.699. Hahn BH, Singh RR, Wong WK, Tsao BP, Bulpitt K, Ebling FM. …

The role of CD8+ T cells in the immunoregulation of osteoporosis.

INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis weakens the skeleton by lowering bone mass and damaging bone microarchitecture. A growing body of evidence points to disruptions in osteoimmune homeostasis as a key driver of this disease. In particular, apoptosis of bone cells and immune cells appears to be a critical contributing mechanism. Within the bone marrow, CD8+ T cells display a surprising functional duality: whether they protect bone or promote its loss depends heavily on local signals. Under healthy conditions or after mechanical loading, activated CD8+ T cells help maintain bone mass. They do so mainly b

Клетки T-бет+CXCR3+B вызывают гиперреактивное взаимодействие клеток B-T в множестве склерозов.

Множественный склероз (MS) — аутоиммунное заболевание центральной нервной системы (CNS). Одним из ключевых механизмов в НР является автораспространение (АП) ячеек В и Т, основанное на самопропитании. Здесь мы показываем, что про-воспаление B-T-обогащенные клетки клеток (BTEC) формируются во время AP и зеркальные особенности реакции микроцентра. T-bet+CXCR3+B — основной подмножество клеток, усиливающих и поддерживающих свои параллельные клетки TH1 с помощью интерферона (IFN)-__, и присутствуют в сильно воспламенённой менингетной ткани. Фундаментальная сигнатура активации клеток В находит свое о

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Self-peptide-dependent autoproliferation (AP) of B and T cells is a key mechanism in MS. Here, we show that pro-inflammatory B-T cell-enriched cell clusters (BTECs) form during AP and mirror features of a germinal center reaction. T-bet+CXCR3+ B cells are the main cell subs…

Связь между курением и инвалидностью Прогресс у иранских пациентов с множественным склерозом: исследование по изучению конкретных случаев.

СОСТОЯНИЕ: Сопоставление характеристик пациентов с множественным склерозом (МС) между курящими сигареты и некурящими. МЕТОДЫ: В апреле в центре Cashani MS было проведено тематическое исследование пациентов, зарегистрированных в центре Cashani 2019 по апрель 2020 в Исфахане, Иран. Всего, 136 Психиатрические пациенты и 220 В исследовании приняли участие некурящие, которые заполнили вопросник. Результаты: В группе курильщиков частота мужского пола была значительно выше, чем в группе лиц, не являющихся курильщиками.64.7% против. 15%, Р < 0.001). Средний возраст в MSshore был 31.5 ± 9.60 лет среди

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BACKGROUND: To compare characteristics of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) between cigarette smokers and non-smokers. METHODS: A case-control study was performed on patients registered in the Kashani MS center from April 2019 to April 2020 in Isfahan, Iran. In total, 136 smoker patients and 220 non-smokers participated in the study and completed the qu…

Role of mitochondria in physiological activities, diseases, and therapy.

Mitochondria are generally considered essential for life in eukaryotic organisms because they produce most of the energy or adenosine triphosphate (ATP) needed by the cell. Beyond energy production, it is now widely accepted that mitochondria also play a pivotal role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and signaling. The two core processes of mitochondrial dynamics, fission and fusion, serve as crucial foundations for maintaining mitochondrial morphology, distribution, and quantity, thereby ensuring cellular homeostasis. Mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy) ensures the selective degradation of

Navigating the landscape of protein folding and proteostasis: from molecular chaperones to therapeutic innovations.

Protein folding is a fundamental process ensuring that polypeptide chains acquire the correct three-dimensional structures required for biological function. This complex journey from nascent polypeptides to mature proteins is tightly regulated by the cellular proteostasis network-an integrated system of molecular chaperones, folding enzymes, and degradation machineries. Disruptions in this network lead to dysproteostasis, a pathological state implicated in a growing list of human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, metabolic syndromes, and cancer. In this review, we provide a comp

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Primary Care: An Update and Practical Messages for the General Practitioner.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a complex chronic autoimmune disease that manifests a wide range of organ involvement. Traditionally, the diagnosis and management of SLE is provided at secondary and tertiary centers to ensure prompt initiation of treatment, adequate control of flares and prevention of irreversible organ damage. Notwithstanding, the role of primary care in SLE is also emerging as there are still significant unmet needs such as the diagnostic delay at the community level and the high burden of therapy- and disease-related comorbidities. In the present review, we summarize

Количественный T1 чувствителен к кортикальной ремиилизации при множестве склерозов: посмертное исследование МРТ.

Было продемонстрировано, что ремиилизация корковых повреждений у людей с множественным склерозом (pwMS) является обширной. В этой работе мы стремились оценить, может ли посмертная количественная МРТ (qMRI) помочь в обнаружении этих районов. Мы сняли шесть стационарных целых мозгов умершего PSMS на 3T-MRI с использованием коэффициента переноса магнитизации (MTR, 570 мкм изотроп), миелиновой водной фракции (MWF, 1000 мкм изотроп), количественного Т1 (qT1, 670 мкм изотроп), количественного картирования уязвимости (QSM, 330 мкм изотроп) и радиальной диффузии (RD, 1300 или 1400 мкм изотроп). Иммуно

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Remyelination of cortical lesions in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) has been shown to be extensive. In this work, we aimed to assess whether postmortem quantitative MRI (qMRI) can help detect those areas. We imaged six fixed whole brains of deceased pwMS by 3T-MRI using magnetization transfer ratio (MTR, 570 μm isotropic), myelin water fraction (MWF, …

Endoplasmic reticulum stress in disease pathogenesis: its implications for therapy.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a key cellular mechanism that is important in the development of many diseases, including cancer. Since the discovery of the unfolded protein response (UPR), research has greatly improved our understanding of how ER stress affects cellular functions, especially protein folding and adaptation to stress. The UPR consists of three main branches: IRE1, ATF6, and PERK, each of which is crucial for regulating stress responses, protein homeostasis, and apoptosis. These pathways normally help cells handle stress effectively; however, excessive or prolonged activati

The Effect of Perioperative Radiation Therapy on Spinal Bone Fusion Following Spine Tumor Surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Perioperative irradiation is often combined with spine tumor surgery. Radiation is known to be detrimental to healing process of bone fusion. We tried to investigate bone fusion rate in spine tumor surgery cases with perioperative radiation therapy (RT) and to analyze significant factors affecting successful bone fusion. METHODS: Study cohort was 33 patients who underwent spinal tumor resection and bone graft surgery combined with perioperative RT. Their medical records and radiological data were analyzed retrospectively. The analyzed factors were surgical approach, location of

Role of Long Non-Coding RNA X-Inactive-Specific Transcript (XIST) in Neuroinflammation and Myelination: Insights from Cerebral Organoids and Implications for Multiple Sclerosis.

Background/Objectives: X-inactive-specific transcript (XIST) is a factor that plays a role in neuroinflammation. This study investigated the role of XIST in neuronal development, neuroinflammation, myelination, and therapeutic responses within cerebral organoids in the context of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. Methods: Human cerebral organoids with oligodendrocytes were produced from XIST-silenced H9 cells, and the mature organoids were subsequently treated with either FTY720 or DMF. Gene expression related to inflammation and myelination was subsequently analyzed via qRT-PCR. Immunoflu…

Электрохимические датчики на основе полимера для диагностики нейродегенеративных заболеваний.

Острые и хронические нейродегенеративные заболевания (ND), включая множественный склероз (MS), болезнь Альцгеймера (AD) и болезнь Паркинсона (PD), характеризуются нейродегенерацией, которая представляет собой постепенный сбой и повреждение нейронов и аксонов в центральной нервной системе. Благодаря обнаружению соответствующих биомаркеров нейродегенеративных заболеваний (ND) стало возможным совершенствование клинических диагностических исследований, а также разработка и отслеживание успешных методов лечения заболеваний. Важные биомаркеры, такие, как белки тау, амилоид-β и α-синуклеины, имеют ва

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Acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD), are characterized by neurodegeneration, which is the gradual malfunction and damage of neurons and axons in the central nervous system. Improved clinical diagnostic workups and the development and tracking of successf…

Прозрачная синхронизация при прослушивании пальцев на музыке и метрономах на различных темпах в прогрессивном множественном склерозе.

Лица с повторным склерозом (MS) могут синхронизировать шаги с музыкой и метрономами при разных темпах. Однако прогресс демиэлизации, потеря нейронной связи и усиление когнитивного расстройства, вероятно, влияют на то, как люди с прогрессивным MS (PwPMS) синхронизируют движения с внешними ударами. Мы проверили, как PwPMS подключается к музыке и метрономам на высоком и низком темпе, чтобы понять способность слуха-мотора к поведению в PwPMS. Синхронизация на уровне мозга измеряется с помощью ЭЭГ. Мы целимся.1) для изучения вопроса о том, может ли PwPMS синхронизировать прослушивание различных тем

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Persons with relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) can synchronize steps with music and metronomes at different tempi. However, progressing demyelination, loss of neural connectivity and increased cognitive impairment likely affects how persons with progressive MS (PwPMS) synchronize movements with external beats. We tested how PwPMS ta…

Review of Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Children with Malignancy.

A paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS) is a set of symptoms and signs that can accompany the formation of a cancer but is not due to its direct infiltration or metastasis. PNS results from the secretion of peptides or hormones by tumor cells or from an immunological cross-reaction between the tumor antigens and host antigens. In the adult population, PNS affects up to 15% of patients with cancer, but data on pediatric patients remain lacking. The remarkable fact is that PNS can precede an oncology diagnosis, even by months or years. PNS can involve virtually any organ of the human body. In children,

Изменения лакта и лактилации в неврологических расстройствах.

Значительное внимание стало уделяться изучению изменений в лактилации различных целевых органов как в области здравоохранения, так и в области болезней. Многие жизненно важные процессы и начало болезней связаны не только с избытком белков, но и в первую очередь регулируются различными посттрансляционными изменениями белков. Лактат, который раньше считался лишь побочным продуктом анаэробного метаболизма, превратился в важнейшую энергетическую субстрату и сигнализирующую молекулу, связанную как с физиологическими, так и патологическими процессами в нервной системе. Кроме того, в недавних исследо

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Research into lactylation modifications across various target organs in both health and disease has gained significant attention. Many essen … gical diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, acute cerebral ischemic stroke, multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and myasthenia gravis. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the current research on lactate and lactylation modifications in neurological diseases, aiming to clarify their mechanisms of action and identify potential the …

Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases and Vascular Function: The Concept of Autoimmune Atherosclerosis.

Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRDs) with unknown etiology are increasing in incidence and prevalence. Up to 5% of the population is affected. AIRDs include rheumatoid arthritis, system lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, and Sjögren's syndrome. In patients with autoimmune diseases, the immune system attacks structures of its own body, leading to widespread tissue and organ damage, which, in turn, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. One third of the mortality associated with autoimmune diseases is due to cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis is considered the main un

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… Environmental factors in autoimmune diseases and their role in multiple sclerosis Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2016 73 4611 4622 10.1007/s00018-016-2311-1 27491297 PMC5097114 19. Giannelou M. Mavragani C.P. Cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus: A comprehensive update J. …

Важность телеабилитации и будущих направлений деятельности на местах.

Во время пандемии COVID-19 телереабилитационная деятельность имела решающее значение для обеспечения постоянного ухода за людьми с нарушениями или инвалидностью, и она по-прежнему часто используется и пользуется популярностью после пандемии. Телеабилитация оказалась практически осуществимой и эффективной в различных условиях, включая хроническую сердечную недостаточность и коронарную артерию, инсульт, множественный склероз, а также травмы спинного мозга, причем неблагоприятные явления редки. В этой редакционной статье определены важные области и будущие направления деятельности на местах, вклю

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, telerehabilitation was critical to providing ongoing care for people with impairments or disabilities, and it … ve in a variety of conditions, including chronic heart failure and coronary artery disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and spinal cord injuries, with adverse events being rare. This editorial identifies important areas and future directions for the field, including implementation considerations in the postpandemic context, issues of access and equity, and emerging …