Результаты поиска

Polarized alloantigen presentation by airway epithelial cells contributes to direct CD8+ T cell activation in the airway.

Activated T lymphocytes are abundant in the airway during lung allograft rejection. Based on respiratory viral studies, it is the current paradigm that T cells cannot divide in the airway, and that their accumulation in the lumen of the respiratory tract is the exclusive result of recruitment from other sites, such as mediastinal lymph nodes. Here, we show that CD8(+) T cell activation and proliferation can occur in the airway after orthotopic lung transplantation. We also demonstrate that airway epithelium expresses major histocompatibility class I predominantly on the apical surface, both in

NO2 inhalation induces maturation of pulmonary CD11c+ cells that promote antigenspecific CD4+ T cell polarization.

BACKGROUND: Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is an air pollutant associated with poor respiratory health, asthma exacerbation, and an increased likelihood of inhalational allergies. NO2 is also produced endogenously in the lung during acute inflammatory responses. NO2 can function as an adjuvant, allowing for allergic sensitization to an innocuous inhaled antigen and the generation of an antigen-specific Th2 immune response manifesting in an allergic asthma phenotype. As CD11c+ antigen presenting cells are considered critical for naïve T cell activation, we investigated the role of CD11c+ cells in NO2-p

Spatial polarization of endothelial ICAM-1 governs T-cell exclusion in melanoma.

An immunosuppressive microenvironment limits therapeutic efficacy in melanoma. Beyond T-cell abundance and function, tumor control depends on T-cell access to malignant cells, yet the vascular mechanisms governing T-cell positioning remain poorly defined. Using RNA sequencing of endothelial cells from tumor cores versus peripheries in a mouse melanoma model, we identified intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) as a candidate regulator of T-cell localization. During tumor growth, T cells shifted from a balanced core-margin distribution to marked exclusion from the core, particularly in T ce

Whole-Cell Transformation of Cannabidiol by Selected Filamentous Fungi into Novel Polar Derivatives.

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a bioactive phytocannabinoid with considerable pharmacological potential. However, its limited aqueous solubility and high lipophilicity remain significant barriers to its broader pharmaceutical application. In this study, the enzymatic potential of selected filamentous fungi was investigated as a whole-cell biocatalytic platform for the regioselective functionalization of CBD. Sixteen fungal strains were screened, and thirteen microorganisms successfully transformed CBD into more polar derivatives. Four strains showing distinct and promising chromatographic profiles were

Cytoplasmic velocity in polar trophectodermal cells reflects embryonic ability to implant in vitro.

The standard protocols used in clinics to assess quality of embryos are still unable to reliably assess the embryo's ability to implant and develop full term. On the other hand, being able to predict the implantation potential of a given embryo appears to be crucial, as implantation abnormalities are one of the major causes of reproductive loss in mammals. Notwithstanding the differences in the implantation mechanism between different species, the functional trophectoderm is prerequisite in this process. In the present study we investigated whether the velocity of cytoplasmic movement in mural

Mast cells activated in vitro can modulate macrophage polarization and antibacterial responses.

BACKGROUND: Mast cells and macrophages are tissue-resident immune cells frequently found in close proximity in barrier organs. Macrophages show high plasticity and microenvironmental factors, such as cytokines, can influence their phenotype. Mast cells are central in allergic reactions where allergens cause mast cell activation via antigen-specific IgE antibodies and the release of a multitude of inflammatory substances. While macrophages have clearly defined physiologic roles in tissue maintenance and host defense against microbes, biological mast cell functions are less well defined. OBJECT

Generation of an Inhibitory NK Cell Subset by TGF-β1/IL-15 Polarization.

NK cells have been shown to exhibit inflammatory and immunoregulatory functions in a variety of healthy and diseased settings. In the context of chronic viral infection and cancer, distinct NK cell populations that inhibit adaptive immune responses have been observed. To understand how these cells arise and further characterize their immunosuppressive role, we examined in vitro conditions that could polarize human NK cells into an inhibitory subset. TGF-β1 has been shown to induce regulatory T cells in vitro and in vivo; we therefore investigated if TGF-β1 could also induce immunosuppressive N

Cancer cell-derived type I interferons instruct tumor monocyte polarization.

Monocytes are highly plastic immune cells that modulate antitumor immunity. Therefore, identifying factors that regulate tumor monocyte functions is critical for developing effective immunotherapies. Here, we determine that endogenous cancer cell-derived type I interferons (IFNs) control monocyte functional polarization. Guided by single-cell transcriptomic profiling of human and mouse tumors, we devise a strategy to distinguish and separate immunostimulatory from immunosuppressive tumor monocytes by surface CD88 and Sca-1 expression. Leveraging this approach, we show that cGAS-STING-regulated

Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition of Peritoneal Mesothelial Cells Is Enhanced by M2c Macrophage Polarization.

BACKGROUND: Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) can reduce the efficiency of peritoneal dialysis and eventually lead to ultrafiltration failure. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) is the start of PF. Macrophages are involved in the process. This study was to investigate the effect of macrophage polarization on EMT of PMCs. METHODS: Monocyte-macrophage cells (THP-1) were treated to induce macrophage subsets (M1, M2a, M2c). The inducing was assessed by detecting protein and mRNA expression of cytokines using ELISA and RT-PCR. Subsequently, PMCs were co-cultured

GITR Promotes the Polarization of TFH-Like Cells in Helicobacter pylori-Positive Gastritis.

Gastric CD4+T cells contribute to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced gastritis by amplifying mucosal inflammation and exacerbating mucosal injuries. However, the pathogenic CD4+ T cell subset involved in gastritis and the potential regulators are still unclear. Here we identified an IL-21-producing gastric CD4+T cell subset, which exhibited tissue-resident CXCR5-BTLA-PD-1hi TFH-like phenotype in H. pylori-positive gastritis patients. Meanwhile, we identified glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) as an important regulator to facilitate IL-21 production by CD4+T cells

Hypothermia modulates myeloid cell polarization in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.

BACKGROUND: Neonatal encephalopathy due to hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a leading cause of death and disability in term newborns. Therapeutic hypothermia (HT) is the only recommended therapy. However, 30% still suffer from neurological deficits. Inflammation is a major hallmark of HI pathophysiology with myeloid cells being key players, participating either in progression or in resolution of injury-induced inflammation. In the present study, we investigated the impact of HT on the temporal and spatial dynamics of microglia/macrophage polarization after neonatal HI in newborn mice. METHODS: Nine-d

MicroRNA-30b regulates the polarity of retinal ganglion cells by inhibiting semaphorin-3A.

PURPOSE: Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) polarity plays an important role in optic nerve regeneration. This study was designed to investigate whether semaphorin-3A (Sema3A) is involved in the regulation of RGC polarity and Sema3A protein expression. METHODS: Cultured primary RGCs were treated with Fc-Sema3A or Sema3A siRNA or transfected with purified miR-30b recombinant adenoassociated virus (rAAV). The polarity of the RGCs was observed with immunofluorescence. A western blot analysis of phosphorylated protein kinase A (p-PKA), the downstream effector molecule phosphorylated glycogen synthase ki

Long polar fimbriae contribute to pathogenic Escherichia coli infection to host cells.

Long polar fimbria (LPF) is one of the few fimbrial adhesins of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 associated with colonization on host intestine, and both two types of LPF (including LPF1 and LPF2) play essential roles during the bacterial infection process. Though the fimbriae had been well studied in intestinal pathogenic E. coli strains, new evidences from our research revealed that it might be the key virulence for bovine mastitis pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) as well. This article summarizes the current knowledge on the LPF in E. coli, focusing on its genetic characteristic

Synchronized mesenchymal cell polarization and differentiation shape the formation of the murine trachea and esophagus.

Tube morphogenesis is essential for internal-organ development, yet the mechanisms regulating tube shape remain unknown. Here, we show that different mechanisms regulate the length and diameter of the murine trachea. First, we found that trachea development progresses via sequential elongation and expansion processes. This starts with a synchronized radial polarization of smooth muscle (SM) progenitor cells with inward Golgi-apparatus displacement regulates tube elongation, controlled by mesenchymal Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling. This radial polarization directs SM progenitor cell migration toward the

Faulty neuronal determination and cell polarization are reverted by modulating HD early phenotypes.

Increasing evidence suggests that early neurodevelopmental defects in Huntington's disease (HD) patients could contribute to the later adult neurodegenerative phenotype. Here, by using HD-derived induced pluripotent stem cell lines, we report that early telencephalic induction and late neural identity are affected in cortical and striatal populations. We show that a large CAG expansion causes complete failure of the neuro-ectodermal acquisition, while cells carrying shorter CAGs repeats show gross abnormalities in neural rosette formation as well as disrupted cytoarchitecture in cortical organ

Гепаран сульфат является важным посредником инфекции вируса Эбола в поляризированных эпителиальных клетках.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: В настоящее время не имеется утвержденных УЛХ вакцин или методов лечения вирусного заболевания Эбола (ВИД), и терапия по-прежнему в значительной степени поддерживается. Вирус Эболы (ЭБОВ) имеет широкий тканевой тропизм и может заразить различные клетки, включая эпителиальные клетки. Эпифелевые клетки отличаются от большинства других типов клеток по их поляризованному фенотипу и функции барьера. В поляризированных клетках апичные и басоугольные мембранные области демаркируются жесткими соединениями и специализированными устройствами сортировки, что приводит к различиям в

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Currently, no FDA-approved vaccines or treatments are available for Ebola virus disease (EVD), and therapy remains largely suppo … larized sorting can lead to a vectorial virus release. The present study investigated the impact of cell polarity on EBOV infection. METHODS: Characteristics of EBOV infection in polarized cells were evaluated in the polarized Caco-2 model grown on semipermeable transwells. Transepithelial resistance (TEER), which is a function of tight junctions, was used to …

Cdc42 is essential for the polarized movement and adhesion of human dental pulp stem cells.

OBJECTIVE: Stem cell-based tissue repair and regeneration require the regulation of cell migration and adhesion. As a regulator of cell polarization, Cdc42 (cell division control protein 42) plays a basic role at the initial stage of cell migration and adhesion. This study explores the effect of Cdc42 on the polarized migration and adhesion of hDPSCs (human dental pulp stem cells). DESIGN: HDPSCs were isolated from extracted third molars and transfected with siRNA targeted against Cdc42. Scratch wound assays and transwell assays were performed to detect the migration of human dental pulp stem

[The promoting research of phospholipase C epsilon-1 on nasal Th2 cell polarization].

Phospholipase C epsilon-1 (PLCE1) is a phospholipase C isoenzyme encoded by PLCE1 gene, and has more complicated molecular structure and function than other subtypes. Phospholipase C epsilon-1 is accepted the dual regulation by the upstream G proteins and GTP enzymes of Ras family. The downstream signal of PLCE1 is not only cause the Ca2+ flow and protein kinase C(PKC) activation, but also can be used as the GTP enzyme guanylic acid conversion factor of Ras superfamily, so as to regulate the expression of certain genes, adjusting cell growth and differentiation processes. PLCE1 plays a very im

Chlamydia trachomatis infection prevents front-rear polarity of migrating HeLa cells.

Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause trachoma, sexually transmitted diseases and respiratory infections in humans. Fragmentation of the host cell Golgi apparatus (GA) is essential for chlamydial development, whereas the consequences for host cell functions, including cell migration are not well understood. We could show that Chlamydia trachomatis-infected cells display decelerated migration and fail to repopulate monolayer scratch wounds. Furthermore, infected cells lost the ability to reorient the fragmented GA or the microtubule organization centre (MTOC) afte