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Protein Myristoylation Plays a Role in the Nuclear Entry of the Parvovirus Minute Virus of Mice.

Being nonpathogenic to humans, rodent parvoviruses (PVs) are naturally oncolytic viruses with great potential as anti-cancer agents. As thes … ion site or with purified virions, we found tryptophan at position 77 of MVM VP1u is susceptible to chymotrypsin cleavage, implying this cleavage exposes G (glycine) 78 at the N-terminus of VP1u for myristoylation. Subsequent experiments using inhibitors of myristoylation and cellular proteases with MVM-infected cells, or an imaging-based quantitative NE perme …

Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation decrease tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced apoptosis in human trabecular meshwork cells.

PURPOSE: Oxidative stress induced trabecular meshwork cells death is believed to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of primary … tive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined using dihydrodichlorofluorescein staining, and the chymotrypsin-like protease activities were measured using the Suc-LLVY-aminoluciferin substrate. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by Hoechst 33258 staining and annexin V-PI labeling. The protein level of phospho-p38 was measured using western blot analysis. RESULTS: …

TPCK and quercetin act synergistically with vanadate to increase protein-tyrosine phosphorylation in avian cells.

We have found four compounds that act synergistically with the phosphotyrosine phosphatase inhibitor sodium orthovanadate (Na3VO4) to greatly increase the extent of protein-tyrosine phosphorylation in both uninfected chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) and their Rous sarcoma virus-transformed counterparts (RSV-CEF). These four inhibitors fall into two categories: the chymotrypsin-specific protease inhibitors, tosyl-phenylalanine-chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) and N-carbobenzoxy-1-phenylalanine-chloromethyl ketone (ZPCK); and certain bioflavonoids which can competitively inhibit ATP-binding, quercetin a…

Acute megakaryocytic leukemia with myeloid/monocytic differentiation.

Acute megakaryocytic leukemia is a rare form of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia that occurs with increased frequency in patients with Down's syndrome. Herein, we report a child with Down's syndrome who presented with a large retroperitoneal mass due to acute megakaryocytic leukemia. Immunohistochemical stains of the tumor cells also demonstrated evidence of myeloid/monocytic differentiation, with positivity for alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-chymotrypsin, and lysozyme. The significance of this phenotypic heterogeneity is unclear and awaits further studies of similar cases.

Functional and structural characterization of Vibrio cholerae extracellular serine protease B, VesB.

The chymotrypsin subfamily A of serine proteases consists primarily of eukaryotic proteases, including only a few proteases of bacterial origin. VesB, a newly identified serine protease that is secreted by the type II secretion system in Vibrio cholerae, belongs to this subfamily. VesB is likely produced as a zymogen because sequence alignment with trypsinogen identified a putative cleavage site for activation and a catalytic triad, His-Asp-Ser. Using synthetic peptides, VesB efficiently cleaved a trypsin substrate, but not chymotrypsin and elastase substrates. The reversible serine protease i…

The characterization of the Phlebotomus papatasi transcriptome.

As important vectors of human disease, phlebotomine sand flies are of global significance to human health, transmitting several emerging and … e of the novel genes, including one trypsin, two peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRP) and nine chymotrypsins, have a higher expression level during larval stages. Two novel chymotrypsins and one novel PGRP are abundantly expressed upon blood feeding. This study will greatly improve the available genomic resources for P. papatasi and will provide essential …

Semi-high throughput method of measuring proteasome inhibition in vitro and in cultured cells.

The ubiquitin proteasome-proteolytic pathway has emerged as one of the most significant pathways in modulating protein homeostasis under bot … purified 20S proteasome, using a fluorogenic substrate, Suc-leu-leu-val-tyr-7-AMC, specific to the chymotrypsin-like enzymatic activity of the proteasome. We showed that the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome was inhibited in the two in vitro systems, albeit to different degrees. The assay system also includes two cell-based assays consisting of a v …

Increased expression and altered subunit composition of proteasomes induced by continuous proteasome inhibition establish apoptosis resistance and hyperproliferation of Burkitt lymphoma cells.

The proteasome is the main protease for extralysosomal protein degradation in eukaryotic cells, and constitutes a sophisticated high molecular mass proteinase complex underlying a tightly coordinated expression and assembly of multiple subunits and subcomplexes. Here we show that continuous inhibition of proteasomal chymotrypsin-like peptidase activity by the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib induces in human Namalwa Burkitt lymphoma cells increased de novo biogenesis of proteasomes accompanied by increased expression of the proteasome maturation protein POMP, increased expression of 19S-20S-19S…

The immotile-cilia syndrome in a newborn infant.

A newborn infant was suspected to have the immotile-cilia syndrome. He had situs inversus, atelectasis and other pulmonary changes. A biopsy from the nasal mucosa at the age of 21 months confirmed the diagnosis and showed a lack of ciliary orientation and absent dynein arms. Chymotrypsin values, sweat test and most immunoglobulins were normal. The boy is now three years old. So far he has had rather mild respiratory symptoms. The importance of early diagnosis for management and prognosis is stressed.

Myocyte-Damaging Effects and Binding Kinetics of Boronic Acid and Epoxyketone Proteasomal-Targeted Drugs.

The proteasome inhibitors bortezomib, carfilzomib, and ixazomib, which are used in the treatment of multiple myeloma have greatly improved r … and carfilzomib. The sensitivity of myocytes to proteasome inhibitors, which contain high levels of chymotrypsin-like proteasomal activity, may be due to inhibition of proteasomal-dependent ongoing sarcomeric protein turnover. All inhibitors inhibited the chymotrypsin-like proteasomal activity of myocyte lysate in the low nanomolar concentration range and exhi …

Толстый рецептор, сигнализирующий, вызывает выражение лимфоэпительского ингибитора Казальского типа в эпидермальных кератиноцитах.

КОЛИЧЕСТВО: Ингибитор типа лимфоэпителия (LEKTI) жестко контролирует деятельность сериновых протеинов, таких, как пептидаза (KLK) 5 и KLK7 в эпидермисе. LEKTI известна как важная молекула эпидермального кожного барьера, о чем свидетельствует бессмысленная мутация SPINK5, которая приводит к синдрому Нетертона. Такие рецепторы (ТЛР) распознают молекулярные модели, связанные с патогенами, или молекулярные модели, связанные с ущербом, и производят подстрекательские цитокины, хемокины и антимикробные пептиды. Однако воздействие сигнала TLR на выражение LEKTI не ясно.ЦЕЛЬ: Изучение вопроса о том, мо

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Lympho-epithelial Kazal-type inhibitor (LEKTI) tightly controls the activities of serine proteases such as kallikrein-related pe … expression of LEKTI in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). We further measured trypsin or chymotrypsin-like serine protease activity in NHEK cultured media under stimulation with TLR3 ligand, poly (I:C). Immunostaining for LEKTI was performed using skin samples from skin infectious diseases. RESULTS: TLR1/2, 3, 5, and 2/6 ligands induced the express …

Cellular and computational studies of proteasome inhibition and apoptosis induction in human cancer cells by amino acid Schiff base-copper complexes.

Proliferation and apoptosis pathways are tightly regulated in a cell by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and alterations in the UPS may … ate (PC-3) cancer cells. The complexes C1 and C3, but not their counterparts C2 and C4, inhibit the chymotrypsin-like activity of purified 20S proteasome and human cancer cellular 26S proteasome, cause accumulation of proteasome target proteins Bax and IκB-α, and induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in concentration- and time-dependent manners. Docking analy …

Enhanced intestinal absorption of oxytocin peptide analogues in the absence of pancreatic juice in pigs.

PURPOSE: The present investigation was done to study the intestinal absorption of three oxytocin peptide analogues and to elucidate the role … the peptides to degradation was determined in vitro by incubation with activated pancreatic juice, chymotrypsin or trypsin, followed by reversed phase HPLC analyses. RESULTS: All peptides were absorbed with a bioavailability of about 0.5% in the presence of pancreatic juice, but increased to 1.0%, 2.1%, and 13.5% for F314, CAT, and F327, respectively, when t …

Fecal elastase test: evaluation of a new noninvasive pancreatic function test.

OBJECTIVES: Pancreatic elastase is highly stable along the intestinal tract. A new ELISA is commercially available to measure human specific … 36 patients had gastrointestinal or hepatic disorders. All patients' elastase-1 concentrations and chymotrypsin activities [fecal chymotrypsin test (FCT)] were measured, and the serum pancreolauryl test (PLT) was performed. RESULTS: Similar to PLT, fecal elastase concentration was significantly decreased in patients with moderate and severe CP (assessed by E …

Feedback regulation of human pancreatic secretion. Effects of protease inhibition on duodenal delivery and small intestinal transit of pancreatic enzymes.

To determine the effects of luminal protease inhibition on duodenal delivery and the intraluminal fate of pancreatic enzymes, six healthy subjects were intubated with an oro-ileal multilumen tube assembly. By using nonabsorbable markers, cumulative trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, and amylase activities were measured as delivered to duodenum, midjejunum, and distal ileum, with or without simultaneous duodenal perfusion of the protease inhibitor camostat at graded doses. Compared with saline, camostat (a) inhibited trypsin activity in the entire small intestinal lumen by up to 99%, and significan…

In situ photolabelling of the human androgen receptor.

In situ photoaffinity labelling of the human androgen receptor has been performed in the LNCaP (Lymph Node Carcinoma of the Prostate) cell l … 100-fold. The steroid binding domain of the human androgen receptor has been partially mapped with chymotrypsin and S. aureus V8 protease digestion. Proteolytic digestion with chymotrypsin of purified photoaffinity-labelled 110 kDa human androgen receptor resulted in the generation of a 15 kDa peptide which still contains the covalently linked hormone. It is …

Characterization of insoluble elastin from copper-deficient pigs. Its usefulness in elastin sequence studies.

Insoluble elastin from copper-deficient animals has an amino acid composition intermediate between mature elastin and salt-soluble elastin (a higher lysine content and correspondingly low number of cross-links relative to the normal protein) and is solubilized by successive treatment with trypsin and chymotrypsin at 4 and 37 degrees C. Small amounts of B3H4 (11 mg--2 g of elastin) reduced allysine, allysine aldol, dehydronorleucine, and dehydromerodesmosine in insoluble elastin from copper-deficient pig aorta. In contrast, desmosine and isodesmosine were reduced only when a large excess of red…