Результаты поиска

Special Review: The future of Immunotherapy.

During the last two decades, two main schools of modern immunotherapy have come to the forefront. The chimeric anti-CD20 antibody rituximab that was introduced for the treatment of refractory follicular lymphoma in 1998 was one of the first examples of the school of passive immunotherapy. Subsequently major and ever more costly efforts were spent on the development of blockbuster monotherapies including other monoclonal but also bispecific antibodies of highly defined specificity and subclass, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), as well as ex vivo expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, chimeric…

The Rationale for Immunotherapy in Myeloproliferative Neoplasms.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The classic, chronic Philadelphia chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN)-essential thrombocythemia (ET), … for PV patients in Europe, might eventually lead to its broader clinical use in all MPNs. Targeted immunotherapy involving monoclonal antibodies, checkpoint inhibitors, or therapeutic vaccines against selected MPN epitopes could further enhance tumor-specific immune responses. Immunotherapeutic approaches are expanding and hopefully will extend the therapeutic …

Immunotherapy in People With HIV and Cancer.

HIV infection alters the natural history of several cancers, in large part due to its effect on the immune system. Immune function in people … ions and are associated with inferior outcomes in people with established cancers. Various types of immunotherapy, including monoclonal antibodies, interferon, cytokines, immunomodulatory drugs, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, and most importantly ART have shown efficacy in HIV-related cancer. Emerging data suggest that checkpoint inhibitors targ …

The immunotherapy of Guillain-Barré syndrome.

INTRODUCTION: Guillain-Barré syndrome is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis worldwide. Microorganisms such as Campylobacter jejuni, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Zika virus have been linked to the disease. The most common clinical variants are acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and acute motor axonal neuropathy. Plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulins are the standard therapy for the disease. AREAS COVERED: Research to elucidate the pathophysiology of Guillain-Barré syndrome has led to the development

[Immunotherapy - The New Era of Oncology].

In the field of immunotherapy, essential progress was achieved over the past years partially demonstrating long lasting therapeutic responses in different tumor entities. A better understanding of the interactions between the tumor and the immune system as well as the integration of immunotherapeutic approaches into clinical routine were the foundations for this development. The different approaches intervene on multiple levels of the immune response and directly or indirectly mount the patient's own immune defense against tumor cells. Immunotherapeutic approaches are represented by cytokine t…

The use of omalizumab in allergen immunotherapy.

Although omalizumab (anti-IgE) is currently only approved for the treatment of asthma and chronic idiopathic urticaria, it has also been studied as an off-label treatment for numerous allergic conditions, including use as an adjunct to allergen immunotherapy in the treatment of allergic rhinitis, asthma, venom hypersensitivity and food allergy. We conducted a review of publications involving the use of omalizumab with allergen immunotherapy, by searching PubMed with key search terms of "omalizumab" and "immunotherapy." Omalizumab has been used in combination with inhalant allergen immunotherap…

Pharmacotherapy and Immunotherapy of Conjunctival Tumors.

Conjunctiva and cornea tumors represent a large spectrum of conditions ranging from benign lesions to aggressive and life-threatening malign … omplications. The aim of this review is to summarize the current use of topical pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy in the management of conjunctival tumors.

[Immunotherapy of Colorectal and Anal Carcinoma].

BACKGROUND: The lower part of the digestive tract includes the large intestine, rectum and anus. Treatment algorithms of cancers in these localities have significant differences in both early and advanced stages. The vast majority of metastatic cases are incurable. A few years ago, it was generally accepted that gastrointestinal tumors are poorly immunogenic and modern immunotherapy would not work in gastrointestinal cancers. The breakthrough has become the recognition of the mismatch repair system (MMR) that affects the microsatellite instability (MSI) and its role in the development of color…

Endocrinopathies with use of cancer immunotherapies.

BACKGROUND: Immunomodulatory therapies, including CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibitors, provide a directed attack against cancer cells by preventing T cell deactivation. However, these drugs also prevent the downregulation of auto-reactive T cells, resulting in immune-related adverse events (IRAEs). Reports show a varied incidence of endocrine IRAEs, ranging from 0% to 63%. OBJECTIVE: To describe the frequency and clinical characteristics of endocrine IRAEs in patients taking cancer immunomodulatory therapies. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PATIENTS: A total of 388 patients aged ≥18 years who we

Current status of immunotherapy for sarcomas.

Although the development of anticancer drugs has improved the outcomes of bone and soft tissue sarcomas, the clinical outcome of patients wi … cells help tumor growth and progression. In this report, current immunotherapies including cellular immunotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors are introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages of the treatments are discussed.

Immunotherapy for nasopharyngeal cancer-a review.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and characterized by peritumoral immune infiltrate. Advanced NPC has high lethality. Immunotherapy directed against EBV antigen targets has been previously explored in clinical trials, and is likely to be validated as an important target in NPC as randomized data emerges in the future. Cancer vaccines and adoptive T cell therapy have been explored in the clinic, with the latter showing the greatest success. Recent advances in gene sequencing technology now allow personalized tumor epitope mapping, whilst the advent …

Sublingual Immunotherapy for the Polyallergic Patient.

Allergen immunotherapy is the only disease-modifying treatment for allergic diseases. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in liquid and tablet form has been used by clinicians in Europe for years, but has only recently gained popularity and approval in the United States. In 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration approved 3 SLIT tablets for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, with or without allergic conjunctivitis. Immunotherapy treatment strategies for the polysensitized patient vary between the United States and Europe. This variation hinges upon whether the polysensitized patient is truly po…

Mechanism of action of allergen immunotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) leads to the production of antiallergen immunoglobulin (IgG) or "blocking antibody" in the serum and an increase in antiallergen IgG and IgA in nasal secretions. There is also a decrease in the usual rise in antiallergen IgE that occurs after the pollen season. METHODS: In this paper, mechanisms of action of allergen immunotherapy is reviewed. RESULTS: Regulatory T (Treg) cells and their cytokines, primarily interleukin (IL) 10 and transforming growth factor beta, suppress T-helper type 2 immune responses and control allergic diseases in many ways. AI…

The Role of Immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma.

Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematologic malignancy. The treatment of this disease has changed considerably over the last two decades with the introduction to the clinical practice of novel agents such as proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs. Basic research efforts towards better understanding of normal and missing immune surveillence in myeloma have led to development of new strategies and therapies that require the engagement of the immune system. Many of these treatments are under clinical development and have already started providing encouraging results. We, for

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Immunotherapy for 30 years, in the form of an allogeneic stem cell transplant (all-SCT), has been the only treatment modality associated with long-term complete remissions and possibly cures in MM [ 10 ]. … Classification of current anticancer immunotherapies. Oncotarget. 2014;5:12472–12508. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.2998. 20. Bae J., Smith R., Daley J., Mimura N., Tai Y.T., Anderson K.C., Munshi N.C. …

On the Verge: Immunotherapy for Colorectal Carcinoma.

Although overall survival from colorectal cancer (CRC) has steadily improved over the past decade, there is still work to be done. The gains associated with improved detection and treatment paradigms with chemotherapy and biologics appear to have reached their ceiling. Immune-based therapies have recently demonstrated clinical benefit in other cancers, including CRC with microsatellite instability (MSI), but patients with CRC without MSI have not yet derived benefit. This article reviews the history of CRC immunotherapy trials, the conceptual basis for why the activity of the immune system may…

Bacteria and their toxins tamed for immunotherapy.

Bacterial toxins share the ability to enter host cells to target various intracellular proteins and to modulate host immune responses. Over the last 20 years, toxins and their mutated variants, as well as live attenuated bacteria, have been exploited for vaccination and immunotherapy of various infectious, malignant and autoimmune diseases. The ability of Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin to translocate its adenylate cyclase domain across the host cell membrane, as well as the pathways of intracellular trafficking of Bacillus anthracis lethal and edema toxins, Shigella dysenteriae s…

Immunotherapy with rituximab in follicular lymphomas.

BACKGROUND: Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas (NHL) represent a recent and fascinating domain of hemato-oncology, in which remarkable progress has been made. The conventional treatments of indolent lymphomas do not extend the survival rate, nor do they cure. Recent directions are centered on using several new drugs that are capable of overcoming the mechanisms that are resistant to recovery. The initiation of immunotherapy (Rituximab in 1997) seems to have changed the natural evolution of follicular lymphomas (FL). It is possible that resistance to healing in follicular lymphomas may be neutralized with R…

Pemphigus: the promises of peptide immunotherapy.

Pemphigus is caused by IgG autoantibodies directed against desmogleins (Dsg), keratinocyte desmosomal glycoproteins belonging to the cadherin family. Anti-Dsg IgG antibodies interfere with adhesive of desmogleins, causing the detachment of keratinocytes (acantholysis). In our laboratory, an alternative approach to pemphigus immunotherapy has been tested. The peptidic vaccine approach is based on the identification of peptidic epitopes within the sequence of known autoantigens and the use of such peptides to evoke tolerance (as in autoimmune disease) or to boost effector immune mechanisms (as i…