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Genomic Analysis of Monkeypox Virus During the 2023 Epidemic in Korea.

We aimed to characterize the genomes of monkeypox virus isolates from the Far East, providing insights into viral transmission and evolution. Genomic analysis was conducted on 8 isolates obtained from patients with monkeypox virus disease in the Republic of Korea between May 2022 and early 2023. These isolates were classified into Clade IIb. Distinct lineages, including B.1.1, A.2.1, and B.1.3, were observed in 2022 and 2023 isolates, with only the B.1.3 lineage detected in six isolates of 2023. These genetic features were specific to Far East isolates (the Republic of Korea, Japan, and Taiwan…

An overview on monkeypox virus: Pathogenesis, transmission, host interaction and therapeutics.

Orthopoxvirus is one of the most notorious genus amongst the Poxviridae family. Monkeypox (MP) is a zoonotic disease that has been spreading throughout Africa. The spread is global, and incidence rates are increasing daily. The spread of the virus is rapid due to human-to-human and animals-to-human transmission. World Health Organization (WHO) has declared monkeypox virus (MPV) as a global health emergency. Since treatment options are limited, it is essential to know the modes of transmission and symptoms to stop disease spread. The information from host-virus interactions revealed significant…

Prior viral infection determines the mode and severity of monkeypox virus.

OBJECTIVES: Monkeypox (MPox) is a zoonotic virus in the genus Orthopoxvirus. It is transmitted from animal to human, and between humans. The clinical presentations vary, starting with a prodrome phase to different skin findings and systemic complications. METHODS: We present two distinctive cases of MPox co-infected with other viruses (hepatitis C virus [HCV] and HIV) by clinical and histopathological analysis. RESULTS: Surprisingly, the MPox patient with a history of HCV developed different skin pathological characteristics (less severe inflammatory changes than the classic patient with HCV

Monkeypox Virus and Other Emerging Outbreaks: An Overview and Future Perspective.

Monkeypox (MPX) is a zoonotic disease caused by the MPX virus from the poxviridae family of orthopoxviruses. Typically, endemic in central and west Africa, it has now become a matter of concern since cases have been reported in non-endemic countries around mid-June 2022, especially in the European region, with the transmission not related to travel. The diagnosis is made by PCR testing of the skin lesions. Even though treatment is symptomatic, antiretrovirals, such as tecovirimat, are used in severe cases. Vaccination with second and third generation vaccines is approved for prophylaxis in hig

Design and validation of a laboratory-developed diagnostic assay for monkeypox virus.

Mpox is a viral zoonosis with endemic circulation in animals and humans in some West and Central African countries. The disease was imported … erformance studies of diagnostic assays remains limited despite of the long-known identification of monkeypox virus (MPXV) as a human pathogen since 1970. We laboratory-developed a real-time PCR test (LDT) and evaluated its performance against the commercial TaqMan™ Monkeypox Virus Microbe Detection Assay (Applied Biosystems, Cat A50137). The limit of detection o …

Cardiovascular manifestations of monkeypox virus outbreak: An overview of the reported cases.

BACKGROUND: Monkeypox (Mpox) is a zoonotic DNA virus related to the orthopoxvirus family that causes also smallpox infection. OBJECTIVES: In this paper, we aimed to study the cardiovascular manifestations of Mpox. METHOD: A literature databases search was conducted on 20th October 2022 and limited to 2022 (the new outbreak) to collect all the relevant papers that discussed cardiovascular manifestations in Mpox. RESULTS: The literature included 6 cases of myocarditis, one case of pericarditis, one case of myopericarditis and one case of atrial fibrillation. Of total 6 cases with completed da

Genomic annotation and molecular evolution of monkeypox virus outbreak in 2022.

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) has generally circulated in West and Central Africa since its emergence. Recently, sporadic MPXV infections in several nonendemic countries have attracted widespread attention. Here, we conducted a systematic analysis of the recent outbreak of MPXV-2022, including its genomic annotation and molecular evolution. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the MPXV-2022 strains belong to the same lineage of the MPXV strain isolated in 2018. However, compared with the MPXV strain in 2018, in total 46 new consensus mutations were observed in the MPXV-2022 strains, including 24 …

Retrospective detection of monkeypox virus in the testes of nonhuman primate survivors.

Close contact through sexual activity has been associated with the spread of monkeypox virus (MPXV) in the ongoing, global 2022 epidemic. However, it remains unclear whether MPXV replicates in the testes or is transmitted via semen to produce an active infection. We carried out a retrospective analysis of MPXV-infected crab-eating macaque archival tissue samples from acute and convalescent phases of infection of clade I or clade II MPXV using immunostaining and RNA in situ hybridization. We detected MPXV in interstitial cells and seminiferous tubules of testes as well as epididymal lumina, whi…

Тековиритное использование в ампуляции и госпитализации пациентов с вирусом обезьянопокс.

В этой серии из 20 амбулаторных и госпитализированных взрослых пациентов, которые лечились от вируса обезьянопокс в большом научном медицинском центре в Чикаго, штат Иллинойс, применение тековиримата было зарезервировано для лиц, страдающих серьезными заболеваниями или подверженных высокому риску их заболевания, задерживалось из-за материально-технических и клинических факторов, но было вполне терпимым.

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
In this case series of 20 ambulatory and hospitalized adult patients treated for monkeypox virus at a large academic medical center in Chicago, Illinois, tecovirimat use was reserved for those with or at high risk of severe disease, delayed because of logistical and clinical factors, but well tolerated.

Vaccination for Monkeypox Virus Infection in Humans: A Review of Key Considerations.

Monkeypox virus infection in humans (MVIH) is currently an evolving public health concern given that >3000 MVIH cases have been reported in >50 countries globally, and the World Health Organization declared monkeypox a global health emergency on 23 July 2022. Adults (≥16 years old) usually have mild disease in contemporary studies, with a pooled case fatality rate of 0.03% (1/2941 cases). In comparison, poorer outcomes have been reported in children <16 years old (pooled case fatality rate 19% (4/21 cases)), immunocompromised patients, and pregnant women, with high rates of fetal demise in thi…

A novel respiratory model of infection with monkeypox virus in cynomolgus macaques.

Variola, the causative agent of smallpox, and the related monkeypox virus are both select agents that, if purposefully released, would cause public panic and social disruption. For this reason research continues in the areas of animal model and therapeutic development. Orthopoxviruses show a widely varying degree of host specificity, making development of accurate animal models difficult. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel respiratory infection technique that resulted in "classic" orthopox disease in nonhuman primates and takes the field of research one step closer to a better animal model.

Susceptibility of some rodent species to monkeypox virus, and course of the infection.

The authors studied the susceptibility of five species of rodent to monkeypox virus inoculated by various routes and the course of the infection. Reactions varied from complete resistance to lethal generalized infection with rash. Rabbits and white mice appeared to be the most susceptible species and young animals were more susceptible than adults. Monkeypox virus was found to infect young animals by natural routes, i.e., per os and intranasally. Transmission by contact occurred among 10-day-old rabbits. Since antibodies to monkeypox virus may persist for over a year in the sera of convalescen…

Circular RNA vaccines against monkeypox virus provide potent protection against vaccinia virus infection in mice.

Since the outbreak of monkeypox (mpox) in 2022, widespread concern has been placed on imposing an urgent demand for specific vaccines that offer safer and more effective protection. Using an efficient and scalable circular RNA (circRNA) platform, we constructed four circRNA vaccines that could induce robust neutralizing antibodies as well as T cell responses by expressing different surface proteins of mpox virus (MPXV), resulting in potent protection against vaccinia virus (VACV) in mice. Strikingly, the combination of the four circular RNA vaccines demonstrated the best protection against VAC