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Ocular biometrics and uncorrected visual acuity for detecting myopia in Chinese school students.

The study is to evaluate the performance of ocular biometric measures and uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) for detecting myopia among Chines … E optotypes, and cycloplegic refractive error using NIDEK autorefractor with administration of 0.5% tropicamide. Spherical equivalent (SER) in diopters (D) was calculated as sphere plus half cylinder, and myopia was defined as SER ≤ - 0.5 D. Performances of ocular biometrics and UCVA (individually and in combination) for detecting myopia were evaluated using …

Pharmacologic pupil dilation as a predictive test for the risk for intraoperative floppy-iris syndrome.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists (α1-ARAs) on pupil diameter and determine whether the diameter predicts intraoperative floppy-iris syndrome (IFIS). SETTING: Ophthalmology Section, Palermo University, Palermo, Italy. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: Male outpatients taking tamsulosin, α(1)-ARAs, or no α(1)-ARAs having phacoemulsification were recruited. Pupils were measured 1 month preoperatively, immediately preoperatively, and postoperatively under mesopic low (0.4 lux) and high (4.0 lux) illumination after pharmacologic dilation. The IFIS se

Ocular biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterised clinically by a progressive decline in executive functions, memory and cognition. Classic neuropathological hallmarks of AD include intracellular hyper-phosphorylated tau protein which forms neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), and extracellular deposits of amyloid β (Aβ) protein, the primary constituent of senile plaques (SP). The gradual process of pathogenic amyloid accumulation is thought to occur 10-20 years prior to symptomatic manifestation. Advance detection of these deposits therefore offers a highly promising

Imaging the iris with swept-source optical coherence tomography: relationship between iris volume and primary angle closure.

OBJECTIVE: To measure iris volume and anterior segment parameters using a swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) and investigate factors associated with iris volume and iris volume change after pupil dilation in eyes with open angles and angle closure. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 86 eyes, including 31 eyes from 21 patients with primary angle closure (PAC) or PAC suspect, 31 eyes from 20 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and 24 eyes from 15 normal subjects, were included. METHODS: The anterior segment parameters and iris w

Muscarinic receptor heterogeneity in follicle-enclosed Xenopus oocytes.

1. Ionic current responses elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) in follicle-enclosed Xenopus oocytes (follicles) were studied using the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique. ACh generated a fast chloride current (Fin) and inhibited K+ currents gated by cAMP (IK,cAMP) following receptor activation by adenosine, follicle-stimulating hormone or noradrenaline. These previously described cholinergic responses were confirmed to be of the muscarinic type, and were independently generated among follicles from different frogs. 2. Inhibition of IK,cAMP was about 100 times more sensitive to ACh than Fin acti

Acanthamoeba keratitis in Mexico: Report of a clinical case and importance of sensitivity assays for a better outcome.

Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a sight-threatening corneal infection. The early symptoms include redness, pain, photophobia and intense tearing. Chronic infection usually progresses to stromal inflammation, ring ulcers, corneal opacification and hypopyon. Here we document an AK case in a high myopic 38-year-old woman from Mexico City, with a history of wearing contact lenses while swimming. Corneal scrapes cultures were positive only for amoebae, consequently a treatment including netilmicin 0.3% and oral itraconazole 100 mg/12 h was prescribed. The infection was resolved after 8 months, leavi

Interventions to slow progression of myopia in children.

BACKGROUND: Nearsightedness (myopia) causes blurry vision when one is looking at distant objects. Interventions to slow the progression of m … nother study showed favorable results for three different doses of atropine eye drops compared with tropicamide eye drops (MD 0.78 D, 95% CI 0.49 to 1.07 for 0.1% atropine; MD 0.81 D, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.05 for 0.25% atropine; and MD 1.01 D, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.28 for 0.5% atropine; n = 196; low-certainty evidence) but did not report axial length. Systemic 7-methyl …

Cholinergic autoantibodies from primary Sjögren's syndrome modulate submandibular gland Na+/K+-ATPase activity via prostaglandin E2 and cyclic AMP.

We demonstrate that patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) produce functional IgG autoantibodies that interact with the glandular M(3) muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). These autoantibodies act as a partial muscarinic agonist, increasing prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and cyclic AMP production through modifying Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase activity, but also interfere with the secretory effect of the parasympathetic neurotransmitter. The IgG from patients with pSS has two effects on the submandibular gland. On the one hand, it may act as an inducer of the proinflammatory molecule (PGE(2))

[Encapsulated filtering blebs--incidence and methods of treatment].

Encapsulation of the filtering bleb occurs as a complication of glaucoma filtering surgery in 8.3-28% of all eyes filtered, often between 2- … osed with a running suture. All eyes received topical dexamethasone drops, mydriatics-homatropin or tropicamide and antibiotic ointment for three weeks. Possible risk factors were considered: sex, age, other eye or systemic disease, type of glaucoma, previous ocular procedure and antiglaucoma medical therapy, early postoperative complications, postoperative a …

A Study on Prevalence of Malarial Retinopathy among Malaria Cases and to Determine Its Presence as a Marker of Severe Malaria: Observations from Eastern India.

BACKGROUND: Malarial retinopathy refers to a constellation of changes seen in severe or complicated malaria cases. These include: retinal wh … were included. Patients unable or unwilling to cooperate with eye examination, contraindications to tropicamide eye drops (angle closure glaucoma or known allergy to product), severe corneal scarring or cataracts hindering view by ophthalmoscopy, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, intracranial space occupying lesions, epilepsy, alcohol use, chronic renal failur …

Functional expression of M3, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype, in taste bud cells of mouse fungiform papillae.

Taste bud cells (TBCs) express various neurotransmitter receptors assumed to facilitate or modify taste information processing within taste buds. We investigated the functional expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtypes, M1-M5, in mouse fungiform TBCs. ACh applied to the basolateral membrane of TBCs elevates the intracellular Ca(2+) level in a concentration-dependent manner with the 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) of 0.6 microM. The Ca(2+) responses occur in the absence of extracellular Ca(2+) and are inhibited by atropine, a selective antagonist against mAChRs. The

Comparison of the Utility of Amplitude-Spectral and Coherence Features of Psychotropic Drugs' Action on ECoG Signal for Pharmaco-EEG Based Drug Screening in Rats.

A naive Bayesian classifier (NBC) combined with principal component analysis (PCA) effectively differentiates the dose-dependent effects of … NMDA antagonist dizocilpine, the D2/D3 antagonists haloperidol and sulpiride, the M-anticholinergic tropicamide, the H1/5HT2A receptor blocker hydroxyzine, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine, the alpha-2 adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine, the alpha-2 adrenergic antagonist atipamezole, the adenosine receptor blocker caffeine and the GABA-mimetics …

Высоконасыщенная, длинноцепная жирная кислотная кетогенная диета негативно влияет на визуальную и моторно-сенсорную функцию в предклинической модели множественного склероза.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Множественный склероз (MS) представляет собой нейродегенеративное состояние, приводящее к демилеляции центральной нервной системы. Визуальное расстройство, уменьшение слоя сетчатки нервно-паралитического слоя и нарушение электрической функции в клетках сетчатки на протяжении всего периода развития болезни являются полезными маркерами успеха лечения. Текущие исследования, посвященные изучению воздействия кетогенного рациона (КД) в качестве котерапии, показывают многообещающие антивоспалительные свойства, однако исследования по-прежнему ограничены различиями в экспериментальной структу

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… Pupil dilation was achieved using 1% tropicamide (Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, TX, USA), and GenTeal gel (Alcon Laboratories) was placed on the cornea to preserve corneal integrity. … Pupils were dilated using 1% tropicamide (Alcon Laboratories) and images were obtained using the SD-OCT instrument (Bioptigen, Morrisville, NC, USA). …

Type 1 diabetes is associated with higher plasma levels of biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation.

IntroductionType 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with increased risk of dementias and other neurodegenerative diseases. Plasma biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation hold utility in risk prediction and diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease and other neuropathology, but there remains a paucity of data in the T1D population. This study quantified plasma levels of biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation [phosphorylated tau-181 (pTau-181), total tau (Tau), amyloid beta 42/amyloid beta 40 (Aβ42/40), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (

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… Diabetic retinopathy assessment DR was assessed at CACTI visit 4 using standard 7-field fundus photography conducted at the BDC eye clinic after dilation by addition of 1% Tropicamide and 2.5% Phenylepherine to both eyes. …

Clinical Practice: A Proposed Standardized Ophthalmological Assessment for Patients with Cystinosis.

Cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive disease with an incidence of approximately 1 case per 100,000-200,000 live births. Over the years, gaining in-depth knowledge of the disease has led to vast improvement in patient life expectancy. However, debilitating, extra-renal manifestations such as eye disease, in particular corneal crystal deposition and its associated photophobia, still occur frequently, regardless of patient age and notwithstanding the increased implementation of systemic therapy. Ophthalmological assessment has not yet been standardized. The aim of this article was to provide

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… Fundus Examination After dilation with tropicamide 0.5% and phenylephrine 10%, the fundus is inspected for crystals on the retinal surface, depigmentation of the retina and alterations of the pigment epithelium. Optic disc, macula and vessels are scored. …

Ocular Manifestations in Hematological Disorders.

Background Ophthalmic manifestations are a common feature in hematological malignancies and may be divided into two groups: those attributable to the disease's infiltration of the eye, and the ocular consequences due to blood abnormalities. This study aims to determine the prevalence of ocular manifestations and their association with the different hematological disease subgroups. Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective and observational study enrolling 137 consecutive patients on active treatment or follow-up for hematological malignancies from January 2016 to January 2020 at the C

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… After pupillary dilatation with 1% Tropicamide eye drops, the posterior segment was examined using indirect ophthalmoscopy. Images of the anterior and posterior segments were taken solely for documentation purposes unless the patient was unable to cooperate for clinical pictures. …

Ocular manifestations in leukemia and myeloproliferative disorders and their association with hematological parameters.

ObjectivesTo study the ocular manifestations in patients diagnosed with leukemia or myeloproliferative disorders and to derive an association between the ocular manifestations and hematological parameters of the patients.Materials and methodsThis observational and descriptive study was conducted in a Tertiary Care Center of Dehradun, North India over a period of 1 year. All the diagnosed cases of leukemia and myeloproliferative diseases attending the Oncology Department were included. Patients underwent a detailed ocular examination. The hematological parameters were also recorded including he

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… Posterior segment examination was performed after pupillary dilation with 1% tropicamide eye drops (Tropicacyl eye drops, Sunways India). Anterior and posterior segment photographs were taken for records except in patients unable to cooperate for clinical pictures. …

Нацеливание SMOX сохраняет оптический нерв Myelin, аксонская целостность и визуальные функции в мультиклерозе.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое неврологическое состояние, затрагивающее молодых людей. Воспаление, обезвоживание и повреждение аксона являются ключевыми патологическими особенностями MS и его животной модели, экспериментального аутоиммунного энцефаломиелита (EAE). Наша предыдущая работа показала, что ингибирование сперматозоидной оксиды (SMOX) MDL72527, селективный необратимый фармакологический ингибитор, значительно сокращенные клинические симптомы, потеря клеток сетчатки (RGC) и воспаление зрительного нерва в мышах EAE. В настоящем исследовании изучался более широкий терапевтически

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… The corneas were treated with proparacaine (0.5%), and pupils dilated with topical phenylephrine HCl (2.5%) and tropicamide (1%). …

Дискриминативная ассимиляция магического и ретинального нерва, толщина слоя в множестве склероза и оптического нерита.

ЦЕЛЬ: Определение дискриминативных способностей макулярного и сетчатого слоя нервно-паралитического волокна (RNFL) в множестве склероза (MS) по сравнению с нормальным и выявление оптического неврита (ON) у пациентов, страдающих НР. МЕТОДЫ: Это межсекторальное исследование по вопросам контроля за конкретными случаями включало в себя 133 Возрастной состав участников 30-45 годы: 66 Определённые пациенты MS18 ) и 67 :: контроль за состоянием здоровья в зависимости от возраста и пола. Был установлен диагноз MS ≥5 За годы до поступления в школу. К числу критериев исключения относятся другие невролог

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… The OCT imaging was performed using Cirrus High-Definition Optical Coherence Tomography (HD-OCT) 4000 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) following pupillary dilation with two drops of tropicamide 1%. A single trained operator completed OCT imaging in all study participants. …

RNA therapeutics in targeting G protein-coupled receptors: Recent advances and challenges.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the major targets of existing drugs for a plethora of human diseases and dominate the pharmaceutical market. However, over 50% of the GPCRs remain undruggable. To pursue a breakthrough and overcome this situation, there is significant clinical research for developing RNA-based drugs specifically targeting GPCRs, but none has been approved so far. RNA therapeutics represent a unique and promising approach to selectively targeting previously undruggable targets, including undruggable GPCRs. However, the development of RNA therapeutics faces significant cha

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… budesonide Airsupra β 2 -AR A, adrenaline asthma 2023 Sparsentan Filspari AT1R/ETAR A, angiotensin/endothelin primary immunoglobulin A nephropathy 2023 Zavegepant Zavzpret CGRP B, calcitonin migraine 2023 Rizatriptan RizaFilm 5-HT1B/1DR A, hydroxytryptamine migraine 2023 Phenylephrine hydrochloride and tropicamide … adrenaline | asthma | 2023 Sparsentan | Filspari | AT1R/ETAR | A, angiotensin/endothelin | primary immunoglobulin A nephropathy | 2023 Zavegepant | Zavzpret | CGRP | B, calcitonin | migraine | 2023 Rizatriptan | RizaFilm | 5-HT1B/1DR | A, hydroxytryptamine | migraine | 2023 Phenylephrine hydrochloride and tropicamide …