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The negative feedback actions of progesterone on gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion are transduced by the classical progesterone receptor.

Progesterone (P) powerfully inhibits gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion in ewes, as in other species, but the neural mechanisms underlying this effect remain poorly understood. Using an estrogen (E)-free ovine model, we investigated the immediate GnRH and luteinizing hormone (LH) response to acute manipulations of circulating P concentrations and whether this response was mediated by the nuclear P receptor. Simultaneous hypophyseal portal and jugular blood samples were collected over 36 hr: 0-12 hr, in the presence of exogenous P (P treatment begun 8 days earlier); 12-24 hr, P imp

[Confrontation test using Bagolini striated glasses--a new screening method for detection of quandrantanopia and hemianopia].

BACKGROUND: To propose a quick test using striated lens according to Bagolini for detecting quadrantanopic and hemianopic visual field defects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The results of this test are presented and compared with Goldmann perimetry in five patients suffering from quadrantanopic and hemianopic visual field defects in hypophyseal adenoma (2 x quadrantanopia, 1 x bitemporal hemianopia) and occipital process (2 x homonymous hemianopia). To examine the visual field the patient has to fixate a light at 50 cm distance. Due to the striated glasses two light stripes are generated along the 4

An apparent cluster of congenital hypopituitarism in central Massachusetts: magnetic resonance imaging and hormonal studies.

Between 1980 and 1989, five infants (four males and one female) with congenital hypopituitarism were born within a relatively sparsely populated area of central Massachusetts, an incidence 25-fold greater than expected. In all infants the pituitary stalk was undetectable on magnetic resonance imaging, and a bright spot on T-1 weighted imaging, probably representing posterior pituitary tissue, was found ectopically located inferior to the median eminence. The height of the anterior pituitary remnant on magnetic resonance imaging varied from undetectable to 4 mm, and similarly, on hormonal testi

[Growth hormone-releasing hormone. The physiopathologic aspects and its diagnostic-therapeutic use].

The object of the present study is to review all that in the last years has been discovered about growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), in order to point out both its physiopathological characteristics and its possible diagnostic and therapeutic use. In the first section are summarily reviewed the different studies that culminated in 1982 with the identification of three GRF: GRF(1-37)-OH, GRF(1-40)-OH and GRF(1-44)-NH2, the last of which, by immunohistochemical methods, resulted to be similar to the hypothalamic hGHRH. Then we describe the anatomic distribution of GHRH in man, and its mech

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)--a review.

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), a 41 amino acid polypeptide, has been isolated from ovine hypothalamic extracts, sequenced, and synthesized. It has a high potency for stimulating the secretion of corticotropin-like and beta-endorphin-like immunoactive substances in vitro and in vivo in laboratory animals and humans. The high concentration of CRF-like immunoactivity in hypophyseal portal plasma supports the hypothesis that CRF is the physiological hypothalamic factor. Human and rat CRF (rCRF) also have been purified and synthesized. They have an 83% sequence homology with ovine CRF (oCRF)

Characterization studies of a rat hepatic cytosolic androgen-binding protein.

A rat hepatic cytosolic [3H]methyltrienolone (R1881) binding protein was studied under various conditions. This protein was also compared with the male-specific high capacity--low affinity estrogen-binding protein derived from the same cytosolic fraction. Analysis of the R1881 binding protein in adult (60-85 days old) male rat liver cytosol indicated the presence of a high affinity--low capacity binding site (Kd = 0.3 nM; Bmax = 5.9 fmol/mg) and a lower affinity--higher capacity component (Kd = 10.4 nM; Bmax = 131 fmol/mg). The latter component was eliminated by addition of triamcinolone or co

Cushing's disease today. Late follow-up of 17 adrenalectomy patients with emphasis on eight with adrenal autotransplants.

Cushing's disease has come full cycle. As originally asserted more than 50 years ago, modern diagnostic techniques now demonstrate an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreting pituitary adenoma in approximately 80% of such patients. At this historical juncture, we report a long-term follow-up of our 17 patients who underwent adrenalectomy (8) or later adrenalectomy plus adrenal autotransplantation (9) between 1955 and 1976. Two patients died soon after surgery and five others died later of "natural" causes. Four others moved away but were stable when last contacted. Of the six patients who

[Studies on the pituitary-testicular axis in male patients with chronic renal failure with different glomerular filtration rate (author's transl)].

In 32 male patients with chronic renal failure (age 22-60 yrs), of which 17 showed a creatinine clearance below 20 ml/min (group I) and 15 above 20 ml/min (group II), plasma levels of total testosterone (T) and total oestradiol-17beta (E2) were measured before and after stimulation with HCG i.m. LH and FSH were evaluated before and after stimulation with LH-RH i.v. Additionally, testosterone binding capacity (TeBG), free testosterone fraction (%FT) and "absolute" free testosterone (AFT) were determined. In comparison with normal persons T was clearly reduced before and after HCG in group I, wh

Risk factors of immune-related endocrine toxicities in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with pembrolizumab and its impact on patient outcomes: a multicenter retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Pembrolizumab has been approved as a first-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, a percentage … ts (93.86%) developed immune-related thyroid dysfunction (irTD) (5 cases of combined immune-related hypophysitis (IH)), 4 patients (3.51%) only developed IH, and 3 patients (2.63%) developed type 1 diabetes mellitus. IrTD was found to be independently associated only with monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) (odds ratios (OR) = 0.060, 95% CI 0.000-0.375; p = 0.0 …

Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Mucosal Melanoma: Preliminary Clinical Outcomes and the MedAustron Approach for Reporting RBE-Weighted Dose With 2 Models.

PURPOSE: Head and neck mucosal melanomas (HNMMs) are aggressive, radiotherapy-resistant cancers. Previous JCROS studies demonstrated improve … s: 2 (14%) and G3 anosmia: 1 (7%). The immune checkpoint inhibition-related late toxicities were G2 hypophysitis: 1 (11%) and G3 peripheral neuropathy: 1 (11%). The average attainable DRBE coverage for 95% of high-dose clinical target volume was 63.2 ± 6 Gy (RBE) (LEM-I) and 57.4 ± 5 Gy (RBE) (mMKM). The LETd distribution in high-dose clinical target volume wa …

Novel insights into post-marketing adverse events associated with lenvatinib: A comprehensive analysis utilizing the FAERS database.

PURPOSE: The primary aim of this study was to closely monitor and identify adverse events (AEs) linked to lenvatinib, a pharmacotherapeutic … s were observed at the preferred terms (PT) level, such as interstitial lung disease, pneumothorax, hypophysitis, failure to thrive, polycythemia, hypopituitarism, spontaneous pneumothorax, pulmonary cavitation, and limbic encephalitis. These findings indicated the potential occurrence of adverse effects that are currently not documented in the drug instructio …

Postmarketing surveillance of nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination therapy in Japanese patients with unresectable malignant melanoma.

Although malignant melanoma is relatively rare in Japan, it is often diagnosed at a later stage than in Western countries. Nivolumab and ipi … grade/grade ≥3: 23.12%/13.29%), pyrexia (10.40%/0.58%), diarrhea (9.25%/2.89%), rash (8.67%/0.58%), hypophysitis (5.78%/5.20%), interstitial lung disease (5.78%/2.89%), and liver disorder (5.78%/4.62%). TRAEs were classified as recovered (36.99% of patients), recovering (44.51%), unrecovered (13.29%), recovered with sequelae (2.31%), and death (1.73%). Overall …

Incidence and Predictors for Oncologic Etiologies in Chinese Children with Pituitary Stalk Thickening.

BACKGROUND: With the increasing use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of children with endocrine disorders, pituitary st … nation of histology and tumor markers. Three patients with germinoma were initially misdiagnosed as hypophysitis/LCH. The cumulative incidence of oncologic diagnoses was significantly higher in boys and patients with PST at presentation ≥6.5 mm, CDI or ≥2 pituitary hormone deficiencies at presentation and evolving hypopituitarism (all p < 0.05 by log-rank). C …

Diabetes insipidus secondary to sellar/parasellar lesions.

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a well-recognised transient or permanent complication following transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas or … st common pathologies of sellar/parasellar lesions presenting with DI at diagnosis were lymphocytic hypophysitis (26.5%), craniopharyngiomas (23.4%), Langerhans's cell histiocytosis (18.9%) and Rathke's cleft cyst (12.7%), accounting for the vast majority (more than 80%) of these lesions. Overall, DI at diagnosis was found in 23.4% of all patients with sellar/ …

Immune-related adverse events: a retrospective look into the future of oncology in the intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have reshaped the standard of care in oncology. However, they have been associated with potentially … tis (n = 8), colitis (n = 4), myocarditis (n = 3), metabolic disorders related to diabetes (n = 3), hypophysitis (n = 2), nephritis (n = 2), meningitis or encephalitis (n = 2), hepatitis (n = 2), anaphylaxis (n = 2) and pericarditis (n = 1). Primary tumors were mostly melanomas (n = 14, 48%), non-small-cell lung cancers (n = 7, 24%), and urothelial carcinomas …

Impact of etiology, age and gender on onset and severity of hyponatremia in patients with hypopituitarism: retrospective analysis in a specialised endocrine unit.

BACKGROUND: Hyponatremia can unmask hypopituitarism and secondary adrenal insufficiency. This is important, since the need to screen for ste … ital hypopituitarism(n = 2), Sheehan's syndrome (n = 2), intracranial aneurysm (n = 2), lymphocytic hypophysitis (n = 1), traumatic brain injury (n = 1), surgery and radiotherapy for astrocytoma (n = 1), pituitary metastasis from bronchial carcinoma (n = 1). Hyponatremia was more severe in Group 2. compared to Group 1. (113.5 ± 10.9 mmol/L vs. 124.3 ± 8.1 mmol …

Distinctive Characteristics of Rare Sellar Lesions Mimicking Pituitary Adenomas: A Collection of Unusual Neoplasms.

Background/Objectives: Pituitary tumors account for over 90% of all sellar region masses. However, a spectrum of rare neoplastic, inflammato … dentified as rare or cystic masses. Forty-six underwent transsphenoidal resection; one patient with hypophysitis received corticosteroid therapy alone. Presenting symptoms included headache (n = 16), dizziness (n = 5), oculomotor disturbances (n = 2), and visual impairment (n = 17). Endocrine dysfunction was found in 30 patients, 27 of whom required hydrocorti …

Cemiplimab and diabetic ketoacidosis: a case report of a rare endocrinopathy associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised the cancer treatment landscape in the last decades, improving the outcom … docrine irAEs are mainly represented by thyroid dysfunctions (thyrotoxicosis or hypothyroidism) and hypophysitis, while adrenal insufficiency and diabetes mellitus (DM) are less common. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potential life-threatening presentation of ICI-induced insulin-dependent DM (IDDM). This report presents a rare case of DKA and IDDM secondary …

Цели иммунных неблагополучных событий в лечении рака иммунотерапией с помощью комбинированных контрольно-пропускных пунктов объединяют пациентов IPEX.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Конкретные детерминанты ущерба, наносимого аутоиммунным болезням целевой организацией, являются сложными и многофакторными, а некоторые генетические и экологические факторы признаются, но в основном остаются неизвестными. Иммунотерапия с &quot; ингибиторами контрольной точки &quot; (ИПК) осложняется неблагоприятными иммунными явлениями (ИРАЭ), происходящими у значительной части пациентов, с воспалением иммунологической аэтологии по конкретным органам. Мы предположили, что такие IRAE связаны с регуляционной дисфункцией Т клеток (Treg). Для того чтобы начать проверку этой гипотезы, мы

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: Specific determinants of target-organ damage in autoimmune diseases are complex and multifactorial, several genetic and enviro … patitis, hypothyroidism, increased lipase/exocrine pancreatitis, arthralgia/inflammatory arthritis, hypophysitis, adrenal insufficiency, type 1 diabetes mellitus, haemolytic anaemia, Sjögren´s syndrome, polymyalgia rheumatica, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and systemic sclerosis.  RESULTS: While dermatitis and thyroid …

A phase 2 study of frontline pembrolizumab in follicular lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: The tumor microenvironment (TME), including infiltrating T-cells, is thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis and progno … nts (IRAEs) were seen in two (22%) patients, both with transaminitis and one of whom had concurrent hypophysitis. Another patient had grade 1 pneumonitis, requiring treatment with steroids. No associations between the immunosecretome profile and clinical outcomes could be detected. CONCLUSION: Frontline pembrolizumab for FL is associated with limited response …