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Nanogel-Based Precision Bone Regeneration: Rational Design, Biological Barrier Penetration, and Osteoporotic Microenvironment Remodeling.

The pathogenesis of osteoporosis is primarily associated with impaired communication between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, leading to disrupted bone homeostasis. Conventional biomaterials mainly rely on macroscopic structural support and are limited in their ability to precisely regulate the complex bone microenvironment and overcome biological barriers. As representative soft matter nanoplatforms, nanogels possess unique viscoelastic mechanical properties and adaptive biointerfacial properties, offering new opportunities to overcome physical barriers within bone tissues. Moving beyond previous

Tumor microenvironment and exosomes in brain metastasis: Molecular mechanisms and clinical application.

Metastasis is one of the important biological features of malignant tumors and one of the main factors responsible for poor prognosis. Although the widespread application of newer clinical technologies and their continuous development have significantly improved survival in patients with brain metastases, there is no uniform standard of care. More effective therapeutic measures are therefore needed to improve prognosis. Understanding the mechanisms of tumor cell colonization, growth, and invasion in the central nervous system is of particular importance for the prevention and treatment of brai

Targeting Non-coding RNA for Glioblastoma Therapy: The Challenge of Overcomes the Blood-Brain Barrier.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant form of all primary brain tumors, and it is responsible for around 200,000 deaths each year worldwide. The standard therapy for GBM treatment includes surgical resection followed by temozolomide-based chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. With this treatment, the median survival rate of GBM patients is only 15 months after its initial diagnosis. Therefore, novel and better treatment modalities for GBM treatment are urgently needed. Mounting evidence indicates that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have critical roles as regulators of gene expression. Long non-coding

Polyphenolic natural products as photosensitizers for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: recent advances and future prospects.

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become a potent contender in the fight against microbial infections, especially in the context of the rising antibiotic resistance crisis. Recently, there has been significant interest in polyphenolic natural products as potential photosensitizers (PSs) in aPDT, given their unique chemical structures and inherent antimicrobial properties. Polyphenolic natural products, abundant and readily obtainable from natural sources, are generally regarded as safe and highly compatible with the human body. This comprehensive review focuses on the latest develo

Developments in Point-of-Care Diagnostic Technology for Cancer Detection.

Cancer is the cause of death for one in seven individuals worldwide. It is widely acknowledged that screening and early diagnosis are of vital importance for improving the likelihood of recovery. However, given the costly, time-consuming, and invasive nature of the many methods currently in use, patients often do not take advantage of the services available to them. Consequently, many researchers are exploring the possibility of developing fast, reliable, and non-invasive diagnostic tools that can be used directly or by local physicians at the point-of-care. Herein, we look at the use of estab

Изучение точных методов лечения иммунизированных подстрекательских заболеваний: использование бесконечного потенциала доставки нуклеиновой кислоты.

Неизлечимые подстрекательские заболевания (ИМИД) создают неизмеримое бремя для отдельных лиц и общества. В то время как традиционное использование иммунодепрессантов и лекарственных средств для борьбы с заболеваниями обеспечивает частичную помощь и контроль, их неизбежные побочные эффекты и ограниченная эффективность ставят под сомнение возможность найти лекарство. Перспективные лекарства от нуклеиновой кислоты продемонстрировали способность оказывать точное воздействие на молекулярном уровне, при этом различные классы нуклеиновых кислот выполняют регулирующие функции с помощью различных механ

Liquid Biopsy in Cancer: Focus on Lymphoproliferative Disorders.

Within the context of precision medicine, the scientific community is giving particular attention to early diagnosis and intervention, guided by non-invasive methodologies. Liquid biopsy (LBx) is a recent laboratory approach consisting of a non-invasive blood draw, which allows the detection of information about potential prognostic factors, or markers to be used for diagnostic purposes; it might also allow the clinician to establish a treatment regimen and predict a patient's response. Since the discovery of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the nineteenth century, the possibility of integrat

Oxidative Stress: Signaling Pathways, Biological Functions, and Disease.

The dysregulated accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species disrupts redox homeostasis, triggering oxidative stress (OS) and driving pathophysiological changes across multiple organ systems. OS modulates critical signaling pathways, induces inflammation, impairs mitochondrial function, alters metabolic homeostasis, and dysregulates autophagy, contributing to disease progression. While prior research has largely focused on OS within single-organ diseases (e.g., neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and oncological disorders), the systemic role of OS in pan-organ di

The role of mesenchymal stem cells in attenuating inflammatory bowel disease through ubiquitination.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a condition of the digestive tract and one of the autoimmune diseases, is becoming a disease of significant global public health concern and substantial clinical burden. Various signaling pathways have been documented to modulate IBD, but the exact activation and regulatory mechanisms have not been fully clarified; thus, a need for constant exploration of the molecules and pathways that play key roles in the development of IBD. In recent years, several protein post-translational modification pathways, such as ubiquitination, phosphorylation, methylation, acety

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… MVBs are fused with the cell membrane and released outwards as exosomes in lipid bilayers. Figure 1 Biogenesis and composition of exosomes. …

Advances in cancer immunotherapy and future directions in personalized medicine.

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized oncologic treatment by harnessing and reprogramming the immune system to target malignant cells. This review provides a comprehensive picture of modern approaches to immunotherapy-based treatment strategies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), chimeric antigen receptor T cells, mRNA vaccines, and biomaterials-based platforms, with a focus on their translational value and application to precision medicine. Emerging insights into the tumor microenvironment, immune resistance mechanisms, and T-cell subpopulation dynamics (e.g., γδ T cells, exhauste

Phytochemical-Based Nanomedicine for Advanced Cancer Theranostics: Perspectives on Clinical Trials to Clinical Use.

In the current chapter, a new strategic compilation of phytochemicals with potent antitumor properties has been addressed, most importantly focusing on cell cycle arrest and apoptotic signaling mechanism. A promising approach in tumor prevention is to eliminate cancer cells preferably via cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death with lesser harm to neighboring normal cells. Cancer cells have a survival advantage to escape apoptosis and relentlessly divide to proliferate, gearing up the cell cycle process. Recently, the use of phytochemical-derived conjugated chemotherapeutic agents has incr

Metabolic reprogramming in cancer and senescence.

The rising trend in global cancer incidence has caused widespread concern, one of the main reasons being the aging of the global population. Statistical data show that cancer incidence and mortality rates show a clear upward trend with age. Although there is a commonality between dysregulated nutrient sensing, which is one of the main features of aging, and metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells, the specific regulatory relationship is not clear. This manuscript intends to comprehensively analyze the relationship between senescence and tumor metabolic reprogramming; as well as reveal the impac

NK3.3-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Penetrate and Selectively Kill Treatment-Resistant Tumor Cells.

Cancer treatments often become ineffective due to the development of tumor resistance, leading to metastasis and relapse. Treatments may also fail because of their inability to access cells deep within the tumor tissue. When this occurs, new therapeutic agents are needed. We previously reported that NK3.3EVs, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from the normal human natural killer (NK) cell line, NK3.3, have strong cytotoxic activity against leukemia and breast cancer cell lines, without harming normal cells. Here, we used a three-dimensional (3D) MCF7 breast cancer mammosphere model to repro

Potential Protective Role Exerted by Secoiridoids from Olea europaea L. in Cancer, Cardiovascular, Neurodegenerative, Aging-Related, and Immunoinflammatory Diseases.

Iridoids, which have beneficial health properties, include a wide group of cyclopentane [c] pyran monoterpenoids present in plants and insects. The cleavage of the cyclopentane ring leads to secoiridoids. Mainly, secoiridoids have shown a variety of pharmacological effects including anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, and anti-obesity, which increase the interest of studying these types of bioactive compounds in depth. Secoiridoids are thoroughly distributed in several families of plants such as Oleaceae, Valerianaceae, Gentianaceae a

The emerging role of exosomes in innate immunity, diagnosis and therapy.

Exosomes, which are nano-sized transport bio-vehicles, play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis by exchanging genetic or metabolic information between different cells. Exosomes can also play a vital role in transferring virulent factors between the host and parasite, thereby regulating host gene expression and the immune interphase. The association of inflammation with disease development and the potential of exosomes to enhance or mitigate inflammatory pathways support the notion that exosomes have the potential to alter the course of a disease. Clinical trials exploring the role of exo

Естественные и синтетические АМП из Латинской Америки по всему спектру технологий и приложений в области разнообразия.

Биоразнообразие в Латинской Америке примерно 60% в целом по миру, подпитывая научные исследования в области природных продуктов, весьма значимой области открытия наркотиков по сей день. Это сопровождается увеличением числа антимикробных пептидов (АМП), полученных из натуральных продуктов в регионе, которые за последнее десятилетие были переработаны путем модификации, усовершенствования и уточнения их физико-химических свойств и антимикробной эффективности с использованием подходов, которые варьируются от изучения рациональной конструкции и соотношения структуры-активности (САР) до методов иску

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… Polybia-MP1, the more active peptide, exhibits selective membrane disruption, preferentially targeting negatively charged lipid bilayers, supporting its antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. , Beyond their direct antimicrobial effects, these venom-derived peptides also …

Marine Natural Products, Multitarget Therapy and Repurposed Agents in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial disease characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and nerve cell death that affects, mainly, older people. After decades of investigation, the search for an efficacious treatment for AD remains and several strategies can be and are being employed in this journey. In this review, four of the most promising strategies, alongside with its most promising agents under investigation or development are highlighted. Marine natural products (MNP) are a source of unique chemical structures with useful biological activities for

Application of Nanoparticles for Magnetic Hyperthermia for Cancer Treatment-The Current State of Knowledge.

Hyperthermia (HT) is an anti-cancer therapy commonly used with radio and chemotherapies based on applying heat (39-45 °C) to inhibit tumor growth. However, controlling heat towards tumors and not normal tissues is challenging. Therefore, nanoparticles (NPs) are used in HT to apply heat only to tumor tissues to induce DNA damage and the expression of heat shock proteins, which eventually result in apoptosis. The aim of this review article is to summarize recent advancements in HT with the use of magnetic NPs to locally increase temperature and promote cell death. In addition, the recent develop

Иммуномодулирующие свойства месенхимальных стволовых клеток и их внеклеточных везиков: потенциальные клинические применения в аутоиммунных заболеваниях.

Мезенхимальные стволовые клетки (МСЦ)/мезенхимические стромальные клетки и их внеклеточные везикли (ЭМ), в частности экзосомы, появились в качестве терапевтических кандидатов в регенеративной медицине в силу их многопотенции, низкой иммуногенности и обширных иммунодуляторных свойств. В настоящем описательном обзоре содержится сводная информация об иммуномодуляции МСЦ- и МСЦ-В и о ее потенциале в плане перевода на другие языки. four основные аутоиммунные заболевания: множественный склероз (МС), тип 1 - сахарный диабет (T1D), системный волшебный эриматоз (SLE) и ревматоидный артрит (RA).Механист

Harnessing CAR-Extracellular Vesicles for Next-Generation Cancer Immunotherapy.

Cancer immunotherapy has experienced substantial progress in recent years, particularly with the advancement of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology, which enables immune cells to selectively target tumor-associated antigens. CARs, now in their fifth generation, are engineered by combining monoclonal antibody fragments with signaling and co-stimulatory domains and have been successfully applied to T cell, natural killer (NK) cell, and macrophage-based therapies. Notable clinical successes, such as tisagenlecleucel and lisocabtagene maraleucel underscore the therapeutic potential of CAR-T