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Recent advances in the bench-to-bedside translation of cancer nanomedicines.

Cancer remains a complex and challenging medical problem, driving extensive research efforts. Despite significant progress in understanding its genetic and molecular aspects, the quest for effective treatments continues. Nanomedicines have shown great potential for revolutionizing cancer treatment by offering targeted and controlled drug delivery, reducing side effects, and improving patient outcomes. Accordingly, nanomedicines have been the focus of extensive research and development for clinical translation. As of September 2024, a search on the ClinicalTrials.gov website using the term "nan

Pharmacological treatment options for mast cell activation disease.

Mast cell activation disease (MCAD) is a term referring to a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by aberrant release of variable subsets of mast cell (MC) mediators together with accumulation of either morphologically altered and immunohistochemically identifiable mutated MCs due to MC proliferation (systemic mastocytosis [SM] and MC leukemia [MCL]) or morphologically ordinary MCs due to decreased apoptosis (MC activation syndrome [MCAS] and well-differentiated SM). Clinical signs and symptoms in MCAD vary depending on disease subtype and result from excessive mediator release by MC

Эпигенетика и метаболическая метаболическая дисфункция при многоразовом склерозе: обзор подходов к травяным лекарствам и текущих клинических испытаний.

Множественный склероз (MS) — сложная аутоиммунная болезнь, характеризующаяся воспалением, обезвоживанием и нейродегенерацией в центральной нервной системе (КНС). Хотя точные причины остаются неясными, недавние исследования подчеркивают важную роль эпигенетических изменений и митохондриальной дисфункции в начале и развитии болезни. Эпигенетические изменения, такие, как метилация ДНК, модификация гистона и регулирование микроРНК, влияют на генное выражение, не изменяя последовательности ДНК, что приводит к иммунной дисрегуляции и воспалению. Аналогичным образом, митохондриальная дисфункция, отме

Immune effector cell-associated hematotoxicity: mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and management strategies.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has transformed the treatment landscape for hematologic malignancies. However, it is frequently complicated by immune effector cell-associated hematotoxicity (ICAHT), a potentially life-threatening adverse event encompassing neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. These cytopenias elevate the risk of severe infections, transfusion dependence, and prolonged hospital stays, contributing substantially to morbidity and non-relapse mortality. This review delineates the incidence, mechanisms, and risk factors for ICAHT, highlighting the complex inter

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… Iron chelation therapy should be considered to prevent iron-induced organ damage, particularly in individuals requiring long-term transfusion support. …

Prevention of cancer-therapy related cardiac dysfunction.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Introduction of modern cancer therapies has led to increased survival of affected patients. With this advantage, the incidence of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) has increased and reasonable prevention strategies become necessary. This review outlines the major approaches to limit development and progression of CTRCD. RECENT FINDINGS: A broad range of cancer therapies can provoke CTRCD ranging from mild asymptomatic forms to severe heart failure. Profound cardiological assessment of cardiovascular comorbidities before initiation of cancer therapy allows i

The versatile emodin: A natural easily acquired anthraquinone possesses promising anticancer properties against a variety of cancers.

Cancers are generally recognized as the leading cause of death and a predominant barrier to prolonging life expectancy in both developed and developing countries. Emodin is a typical anthraquinone derivative from various plants that exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities, such as anticancer, antibacterial, hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. Much previous preclinical evidence has demonstrated that emodin exhibits reliable effects on several cancer types, including lung cancer, liver cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, leukemia, cervical cancer, and

New PET Radiotracers for the Imaging of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.

Opinion statementNeuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are a heterogeneous group of tumours derived from cells of neuroendocrine origin and can potentially arise everywhere in the human body. The diagnostic assessment of NEN can be performed using a variety of PET radiopharmaceuticals. Well-differentiated NEN (NET) present a high expression of SSTR (somatostatin receptors) and can therefore be studied with 68Ga-DOTA-peptides ([68Ga]Ga-DOTANOC, [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC, [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE). Current guidelines recommend the use of SSTR imaging to assess disease extension at staging/restaging, follow-up, assessm

ESA, Iron Therapy and New Drugs: Are There New Perspectives in the Treatment of Anaemia?

Anemia is a well-known consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD); it is mainly due to a relative insufficiency of erythropoietin synthesis by the failing kidneys. Over the years, the combination of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESA) and iron has become the standard of care of anemia. All ESAs effectively increase hemoglobin (Hb) levels in a substantial percentage of patients. However, in the last decade, their use has been surrounded by safety issues in increased cardiovascular risk, especially when used at high doses in inflamed and hyporesponsive patients. This has led to the definiti

FDA-Approved Small Molecule Compounds as Drugs for Solid Cancers from Early 2011 to the End of 2021.

Solid cancers are the most common types of cancers diagnosed globally and comprise a large number of deaths each year. The main challenge currently in drug development for tumors raised from solid organs is to find more selective compounds, which exploit specific molecular targets. In this work, the small molecule drugs registered by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for solid cancers treatment between 2011 and 2022 were identified and analyzed by investigating a type of therapy they are used for, as well as their structures and mechanisms of action. On average, 4 new small molecule agent

Biomimetic materials for medical applications.

AbstractRecent advances in biomedical research have facilitated the exploration of biomimetic materials and their potential for diagnosing and treating diseases. This review synthesizes reports of recent research into biomimetic materials and provides a focused analysis of their therapeutic and diagnostic efficacy across multiple physiological systems, including the locomotor, digestive, respiratory, urinary, endocrine, nervous, integumentary, hematopoietic, and circulatory systems. These findings highlight the transformative potential of these materials in the management of systemic diseases.

Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors in multiple myeloma: promote or inhibit?

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) play a vital role in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM), especially for tumor invasion and osteolytic osteopathy. By breaking down extracellular matrix (ECM) components and releasing the proteins composing the ECM and growth factors, as well as their receptors, MMPs affect tissue integrity and promote cancer cell invasion and metastasis. A vital pathophysiological characteristic of MM is the progress of osteolytic lesions, which are brought on by interactions between myeloma cells and the bone marrow mic

Invited Lectures : Overviews Purinergic signalling: past, present and future.

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Coronary atherosclerosis and chemotherapy: From bench to bedside.

Cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary artery disease, is the leading cause of death in humans worldwide. Coronary heart disease caused by chemotherapy affects the prognosis and survival of patients with tumors. The most effective chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer include proteasome inhibitors, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, 5-fluorouracil, and anthracyclines. Animal models and clinical trials have consistently shown that chemotherapy is closely associated with coronary events and can cause serious adverse cardiovascular events. Adverse cardiovascular events a

Probiotics and nanoparticle-mediated nutrient delivery in the management of transfusion-supported diseases.

Bone marrow is vital for hematopoiesis, producing blood cells essential for oxygen transport, immune defense, and clotting. However, disorders like leukemia, lymphoma, aplastic anemia, and myelodysplastic syndromes can severely disrupt its function, leading to life-threatening complications. Traditional treatments, including chemotherapy and stem cell transplants, have significantly improved patient outcomes but are often associated with severe side effects and limitations, necessitating the exploration of safer, more targeted therapeutic strategies. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising a

Resveratrol from Dietary Supplement to a Drug Candidate: An Assessment of Potential.

Resveratrol (RVT) is a well known phyto-chemical and is widely used in dietary supplements and botanical products. It shows a wide range of pharmacological/beneficial effects. Therefore, it can be a potential candidate to be developed as phyto-pharmaceutical. Multiple diseases are reported to be treated by the therapeutic effect of RVT since it has antioxidant, anti-cancer activity and anti-inflammatory activities. It also has a major role in diabetes, arthritis, cardiac disorder and platelet aggregation etc. The major requirements are establishments regarding safety, efficacy profile and phys

Cardiotoxicity of Chemotherapy: A Multi-OMIC Perspective.

Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is a critical issue in cardio-oncology, as cancer treatments often lead to severe cardiovascular complications. Approximately 10% of cancer patients succumb to cardiovascular problems, with lung cancer patients frequently experiencing arrhythmias, cardiac failure, tamponade, and cardiac metastasis. The cardiotoxic effects of anti-cancer treatments manifest at both cellular and tissue levels, causing deformation of cardiomyocytes, leading to contractility issues and fibrosis. Repeated irradiation and chemotherapy increase the risk of valvular, pericardial, or

Epidemiological profile and clinical outcomes of patients with mucormycosis: the multicenter retromucor study from Türkiye (2004-2024).

PURPOSE: Mucormycosis is a rapidly progressive angioinvasive fungal infection with limited large-scale outcome data. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, clinical spectrum, treatment strategies, and predictors of outcomes in adult patients with proven mucormycosis in Türkiye. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide, retrospective study of 280 adults diagnosed with proven mucormycosis between 2004 and 2024 across 27 tertiary centers. Case definitions were applied according to the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortiu

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… Underlying conditions and risk factors: DM, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), HSCT, SOT, chronic kidney disease, dialysis, iron chelation therapy, corticosteroid use, neutropenia, history of trauma (e.g., traffic accidents, earthquakes, falls, burns) or surgical procedures, and intravenous drug use. …

Proteasome Inhibitors for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma.

Use of proteasome inhibitors (PIs) has been the therapeutic backbone of myeloma treatment over the past decade. Many PIs are being developed and evaluated in the preclinical and clinical setting. The first-in-class PI, bortezomib, was approved by the US food and drug administration in 2003. Carfilzomib is a next-generation PI, which selectively and irreversibly inhibits proteasome enzymatic activities in a dose-dependent manner. Ixazomib was the first oral PI to be developed and has a robust efficacy and favorable safety profile in patients with multiple myeloma. These PIs, together with other

FmocFF Peptide Hydrogel Is a Promising Matrix for Encapsulation and Controlled Release of the Anticancer Peptide Drug Bortezomib.

One major public health issue is cancer chemotherapy; despite constant progress in the area, administration of anticancer drugs to patients is often associated with serious side effects. It is therefore imperative to develop vehicles for encapsulation and controlled delivery of such drugs. Anticancer drugs include small peptide drugs, such as Bortezomib (BTZ). Self-assembling peptides have been recently reported as promising drug delivery agents. The research reported here proposes the encapsulation of BTZ into peptide hydrogels formed by the self-assembling FmocFF dipeptide as delivery vehicl

Intravenous vitamin C for reduction of cytokines storm in acute respiratory distress syndrome.

The recent outbreak of Covid19 has required urgent treatments for numerous patients. No suitable vaccines or antivirals are available for Covid19. The efficiency against Covid19 of WHO therapies of choice, that are two antivirals developed for other pathologies, is controversial. Therefore, alternative approaches are required. Intravenous (IV) Vitamin C (Vit-C) has emerged as one of the other alternatives for this purpose. Here we review the effects of IV Vit-C on the immune system response, the antiviral properties of IV Vit-C, and finally the antioxidant properties of IV Vit-C to specificall