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Impact of local and national policies to reduce agriculture-related air pollution through improving diet and farm management: the AMPHoRA mixed methods study.

METHODS: This study employed an interdisciplinary approach to assess the impact of agricultural production modifications and dietary changes … agricultural practices and policy landscapes. Finally, unintended consequences of dietary shifts on food security and cultural preferences were not fully explored, indicating the need for future research to refine policy recommendations. The Assessing Mitigation Pathways to Realise Public Health Benefits of Air Pollutant Emission Reductions from Agriculture pro …

Experiences of HIV-infected adults and healthcare providers with healthcare delivery practices that influence engagement in US primary healthcare settings: a qualitative systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a major public health problem that has claimed the lives of more than 34 million people worldwide. The health of people living with HIV (PLWH) is optimized by ongoing engagement in HIV care, yet many people living with HIV either do not enter or fall out of care. Access to care and ongoing engagement in care for antiretroviral (ARV) medication adherence and psychoeducational support are critical to achieving the desired outcomes of reducing the risk of further HIV transmission and HIV related morbid

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON YELLOW FEVER IN NORTHERN PERU.

Fourteen typical cases of yellow fever were studied in northern Peru during an epidemic occurring in 1920, nine in Payta in March and April, and five in Morropon and Piura in April and May. The method of investigation was similar to that previously employed, but as the laboratory facilities were very meager certain changes were required. Although in Payta the work was handicapped by the lack of electric light, the scarcity of water and animal food, the unsuitability of the guinea pigs for inoculation, and the changes in culture media due to age, the results obtained under these adverse conditi

THE ACID INTOXICATION OF DIABETES IN ITS RELATION TO PROGNOSIS.

IT SEEMS DESIRABLE TO EMPHASIZE THE FOLLOWING CONCLUSIONS: 1. A careful balancing of the normal acids and bases of the urine makes it possible not merely to detect the presence of organic acids in the urine, but also to determine approximately the amount of such acids. The method recently described by Herter and Wakeman can be recommended as securing a greater degree of accuracy, for the amount of labor involved, than any other procedure. 2. The determination of the N of NH(3) is a useful procedure for clinical purposes, since it is probably true that a considerable excretion of organic acid (

Epidemiological analysis of pesticide poisoning cases in Zibo City, Shandong Province, China: a decade-long study (2014-2023).

BACKGROUND: Pesticides are extensively employed across agricultural, public health, and industrial sectors, yielding significant benefits in crop protection and food security. However, their overuse and misuse have escalated pesticide poisoning into a pressing global public health issue-particularly in developing countries such as China. As the world's largest pesticide consumer, China continues to experience a disproportionately high burden of pesticide-related morbidity and mortality, even following the nationwide phase-out of highly hazardous compounds. Alarmingly, intentional ingestion of …

The 2019 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: ensuring that the health of a child born today is not defined by a changing climate.

UNLABELLED: The Lancet Countdown is an international, multidisciplinary collaboration, dedicated to monitoring the evolving health profile o … rends in global yield potential for all major crops tracked since 1960 threaten food production and food security, with infants often the worst affected by the potentially permanent effects of undernutrition (indicator 1.5.1). Children are among the most susceptible to diarrhoeal disease and experience the most severe effects of dengue fever. Trends in climate …

Gastric electrical stimulation: an evidence-based analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this analysis was to assess the effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of gastric electrical stimulation (GES) for the treatment of chronic, symptomatic refractory gastroparesis and morbid obesity. BACKGROUND: GASTROPARESIS - EPIDEMIOLOGY: Gastroparesis (GP) broadly refers to impaired gastric emptying in the absence of obstruction. Clinically, this can range from the incidental detection of delayed gastric emptying in an asymptomatic person to patients with severe nausea, vomiting and malnutrition. Symptoms of GP are nonspecific and may mimic structural disor

The Effects of Land Management Policies on the Environment and People in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.

Background: Widespread land degradation is driven by unsustainable land use and human pressures, and is accelerating climate change and biod … new practices. Increased wildlife from conservation efforts can also come at the cost of decreased food security and damaged properties, potentially affecting people's livelihoods. The extent and quality of cost evidence were generally insufficient to enable a comprehensive analysis of cost-effectiveness across included land management interventions. The revie …

Travel-Related Diagnoses Among U.S. Nonmigrant Travelers or Migrants Presenting to U.S. GeoSentinel Sites - GeoSentinel Network, 2012-2021.

PROBLEM/CONDITION: During 2012-2021, the volume of international travel reached record highs and lows. This period also was marked by the emergence or large outbreaks of multiple infectious diseases (e.g., Zika virus, yellow fever, and COVID-19). Over time, the growing ease and increased frequency of travel has resulted in the unprecedented global spread of infectious diseases. Detecting infectious diseases and other diagnoses among travelers can serve as sentinel surveillance for new or emerging pathogens and provide information to improve case identification, clinical management, and public

Effects of Interventions to Improve Access to Financial Services for Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: An Evidence and Gap Map.

Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) account for most firms in most economies, particularly in developing nations, and are key … interest, followed by firm performance and financial inclusion. Welfare outcomes refer to economic, food security and nutrition, health, education, housing, well-being, and gender outcomes. Among all firm types, welfare outcomes are primarily targeted at microenterprises. With 59 studies, we can say that small businesses have a significantly large number of ent …

The 2021 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: code red for a healthy future.

UNLABELLED: The Lancet Countdown is an international collaboration that independently monitors the health consequences of a changing climate. Publishing updated, new, and improved indicators each year, the Lancet Countdown represents the consensus of leading researchers from 43 academic institutions and UN agencies. The 44 indicators of this report expose an unabated rise in the health impacts of climate change and the current health consequences of the delayed and inconsistent response of countries around the globe—providing a clear imperative for accelerated action that puts the health of pe

The Rapid Development and Early Success of Covid 19 Vaccines Have Raised Hopes for Accelerating the Cancer Treatment Mechanism.

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought about rapid change in medical science. The production of new generation vaccines for this disease has surprised even their most optimistic supporters. Not only have these vaccines proven to be effective, but the importance of this disease and pandemic situation also significantly shortened the long-standing process of validating such products. Vaccination is a type of immunotherapy. Researchers have long been looking at vaccines as a possible treatment for cancer (Geynisman et al., 2014). In the same way that vaccines work against infectious diseases, attempts

Epidemiological and economic impact of pre-exposure prophylaxis with targeted immunotherapies for COVID-19 among immunosuppressed patients in Argentina.

BACKGROUND: Some immunosuppressive disorders have shown substantially lower protection after COVID-19 vaccination against severe outcomes. Therefore, pre-exposure prophylaxis is proposed. Targeted immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies represents an option for preventing severe COVID-19. However, there is a lack of epidemiological and economic information on pre-exposure prophylaxis with targeted immunotherapies against COVID-19 among immunosuppressed patients. Thus, this study aims to identify and estimate the size of target population and direct medical costs related to pre-exposure prophy

Digital therapeutics from bench to bedside.

As a new therapeutic technique based on digital technology, the commercialization and clinical application of digital therapeutics (DTx) are increasing, and the demand for expansion to new clinical fields is remarkably high. However, the use of DTx as a general medical component is still ambiguous, and this ambiguity may be owing to a lack of consensus on a definition, in addition to insufficiencies in research and development, clinical trials, standardization of regulatory frameworks, and technological maturity. In this study, we conduct an in-depth investigation and analysis of definitions,

Health-Related Challenges and Programs Among Agriculture Workers: A Narrative Review.

Agriculture is one of the most hazardous occupations, with many workers experiencing occupational accidents and ill health. The misuse of toxic substances, often due to inadequate protective measures, raises concerns about both individual and nature safety. However, the strenuous tasks done by the agricultural workers, especially those related to pesticide exposure and some challenges affect the farmer's health and well-being. This review paper used databases like PubMed and Google Scholar to elaborate this. English language studies are included and other languages are excluded. The health sys

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… Their goal is to increase 30 million smallholder farming households' income and food security within five agricultural hotspots [ 16 ]. Fortunately, policymakers and developers acknowledge the necessity of supporting farmers in urban fringe regions. …

Screening for comprehensive social needs in patients with cancer: a narrative review.

BackgroundPatients with cancer who report social needs have worse quality of life, lower health-care access, and suboptimal health outcomes. However, screening for social needs does not happen systematically, and successful screening tools, strategies, and workflows have seldom been described. The downstream effects of screening including resource navigation have also not been well characterized. The objective of this narrative review was to fill these gaps.MethodsTwo investigators searched PubMed and Embase for studies that implemented a patient-facing social screening tool among patients wit

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… Introduction Patients with cancer often face social needs that impede access to high-quality, timely, and equitable health care. 1-3 These needs span several social domains or categories such as housing, 4 , 5 transportation, 6 , 7 social isolation, 8 financial challenges, 9 , 10 and food security. …

Burden of 375 diseases and injuries, risk-attributable burden of 88 risk factors, and healthy life expectancy in 204 countries and territories, including 660 subnational locations, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

BACKGROUND: For more than three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has provided a framework to q … ution, smoking, and metabolic risks, such as high SBP, BMI, and FPG-including policies that promote food security, healthier diets, physical activity, and equitable and expanded access to potential treatments, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists. Decisive, coordinated action is needed to address long-standing yet growing health challenges, including depressive and …

Traumatic brain injury: progress and challenges in prevention, clinical care, and research.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has the highest incidence of all common neurological disorders, and poses a substantial public health burden. TBI is increasingly documented not only as an acute condition but also as a chronic disease with long-term consequences, including an increased risk of late-onset neurodegeneration. The first Lancet Neurology Commission on TBI, published in 2017, called for a concerted effort to tackle the global health problem posed by TBI. Since then, funding agencies have supported research both in high-income countries (HICs) and in low-income and middle-income countrie

Toward the development of a vibrant, super-aged society: The future of medicine and society in Japan.

BACKGROUND: As Japan's population continues to age, it is estimated that the number of people aged ≥75 years will exceed 20 million by 2025. … as living alone, eating alone, poverty and other social factors, as well as problems with access to food security. Pharmacotherapy for older people: measures against polypharmacy In addition to the problems of adverse drug events, drug interactions, duplication of effects and the presence of drugs that "require particularly careful administration," it is also n …

Nutritional vulnerability, food insecurity, and unmet supportive care needs in multiple myeloma: a cross-sectional study from China.

BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma patients experience nutritional vulnerability through disease-related factors, treatment toxicity, and systemic inflammation, yet comprehensive assessment integrating validated nutrition screening with health equity dimensions remains limited. This study characterized nutritional vulnerability prevalence, determinants, and supportive-care access barriers among Chinese multiple myeloma patients. METHODS: This single-center, cross-sectional observational study conducted at Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory, Taiyuan, China (January 2020-December 2024) employed compreh

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… Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Survey Module ( 51 ), previously validated for brevity and screening utility while maintaining acceptable sensitivity and specificity relative to the full 18-item module. … This dichotomous classification (food secure versus food insecure) was used for all primary analyses, though sensitivity analyses examined “often true” responses separately to represent more severe food insecurity. …