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Iodine-123-IPT SPECT imaging of CNS dopamine transporters: nonlinear effects of normal aging on striatal uptake values.

UNLABELLED: Iodine-123-labeled IPT (N-(3-iodopropen-2-yl)-2 beta-carbomethoxy-3 beta-(4-chlorophenyl)tropane) is an analog of cocaine that selectively binds the presynaptic dopamine transporter. This study sought to characterize changes in the striatal uptake of IPT with normal aging. METHODS: The sample included 18 healthy human volunteers. Their ages ranged from 19 to 67 yr. Dynamic SPECT scans of the brain were acquired with about 185 MBq (5 mCi) of IPT on a triple-headed camera. The images were reconstructed with a three-dimensional restorative filter and corrected for attenuation. The me

Brain perfusion abnormalities in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Functional brain imaging with technetium-99m d,l-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPET) allows us to explore the cerebral pathophysiology of Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome (GTS). METHOD: Fifty patients and 20 controls were examined. Patients were rated for tic severity and mood. Scans were analysed quantitatively using internal ratios to the occipital cortex. RESULTS: Patients different from controls on measures of relative blood flow to the left caudate, anterior cingulate cortex and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Severity of

Sleep spindles.

Sleep spindles are discussed from various viewpoints. The definition of this pattern has been debated and requires clarification. There is evidence of two spindle types around 14 c/s and 12 c/s. The existence of a third spindle type (around 10 c/s) is controversial. The relationship of spindles to vertex waves and K complexes and the role of spindles in sleep staging are other topics that are covered. As "transient nonstationarities," spindles may escape methods of EEG computer analysis; special methods of spindle detection have been designed. Spindle activity may be influenced by various seda

Striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in Parkinson's disease: Effects of age, sex, and body mass index in a large [18F]fluorodopa PET cohort.

BACKGROUND: Positron emission tomography (PET) using radioligand [18F]fluorodopa detects reduced striatal dopamine synthesis capacity in Par … We observed support for positive correlation between the dopamine synthesis capacity and the D2R in caudate nucleus. Scanner had a substantial influence on Kiref estimates. Atlas- and MRI-based normalization methods provide largely comparable Kiref estimates for most subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Dopamine synthesis capacity is independently affected by PD and demograph …

Acute Effects of Stimulant Medication on Gray Matter and White Matter Indices in Healthy Controls and Adults With ADHD.

INTRODUCTION: Short-latency changes in gray matter volume (GMV) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) indices have been reported for sleep depr … fusiform gyrus, superior, middle and inferior gyri of the temporal cortex and in right putamen and caudate nucleus and caused an even more wide-spread right-lateralized apparent increase in cortical thickness; the apparent changes in cortical thickness were also seen in patients with ADHD but not in healthy controls. CS administration also increased fractional a …

Хроническое низкосортное воспаление, генетическая восприимчивость и риск множественных склерозов: перспективное когортное исследование.

КОЛИЧЕСТВО: Иммунное регулирование дискрипции имеет центральное значение для многочисленных патогенеза склероза (MS), однако потенциальные данные, связывающие периферийные низкосортные воспаления (LGI) с риском НР, остаются ограниченными и непоследовательными. Мы расследовали связь LGI с риском случившегося и связанными с MS структурными мерами мозга в большой потенциальной группе. Мы проанализировали данные, полученные от 377,487 Участники < < Биобанка > > Соединенного Королевства 40 в адрес 69 Годы. Комбинированный показатель воспаления (INFLA-score) был получен на основе C-реакт

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Immune dysregulation is central to multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis, yet prospective evidence linking peripheral low-grade i … d with the volumes of the thalamus, superior temporal gyrus, lateral orbitofrontal cortex, putamen, caudate nucleus, and supramarginal gyrus (all P < 0.05). The association between LGI and lower brain volumes was generally more pronounced in males, while no significant interaction was observed between LGI and genetic risk on brain morphometry (all P for interacti …

Subcortical Hubs of Brain Networks Sustaining Human Consciousness.

Neuromodulation of subcortical network hubs by pharmacologic, electrical, or ultrasonic stimulation is a promising therapeutic strategy for patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC). However, optimal subcortical targets for therapeutic stimulation are not well established. Here, we leveraged 7 Tesla resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data from 168 healthy subjects from the Human Connectome Project to map the subcortical connectivity of six canonical cortical networks that modulate higher-order cognition and function: the default mode, executive control, salience, dorsal attention, vis

Replicable, Transdiagnostic Behavioral and Neural Correlates of Sensory Overresponsivity.

OBJECTIVE: Sensory over-responsivity (SOR), characterized by strong negative reactions to typically innocuous stimuli, is considered a sympt … independent subsamples and highlight FC differences between cingulo-parietal network and bilateral caudate nucleus. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that SOR may constitute a transdiagnostic latent trait with both specific clinical risk and protection, and with replicable neural correlates that implicate specific cortico-subcortical circuits. These findings …

Prediction of alcohol intake patterns with olfactory and gustatory brain connectivity networks.

Craving in alcohol drinkers is often triggered by chemosensory cues, such as taste and smell, which are linked to brain network connectivity … e consumption and connectivity between the ventral attention network (VAN) and the frontal parietal/caudate nucleus (FP/CN) (node27-node9: β = -0.31, P = 0.04) for total alcohol intake in the past-week and maximum number of drinks per day in the past-year. The predictive models demonstrated strong accuracy, with root mean square error (RMSE) values of 5.15 for od …

Simultaneous Increase of Mean Susceptibility and Mean Kurtosis in the Substantia Nigra as an MRI Neuroimaging Biomarker for Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Early detection is crucial for treatment and slowing disease progression. HYPOTHESIS: Simultaneous alterations in mean susceptibility (MS) from quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and mean kurtosis (MK) from diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) can serve as reliable neuroimaging biomarkers for early-stage PD (ESPD) in the basal ganglia nuclei, including the substantia nigra (SN), putamen (PUT), globus pallidus (GP), and caudate nucleus (CN). STUDY TYPE: Systematic review and meta-analysis. POPULATIO…

Cortical and subcortical structural changes in pediatric patients with infratentorial tumors.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to detect supratentorial cortical and subcortical morphological changes in pediatric patients with infratentorial … i, left supramarginal, and posterior cingulate gyri and showed an increased volume in the bilateral caudate nucleus and hippocampus, while a volume reduction was observed in the bilateral putamen, pallidum, and amygdala (P < 0.05). The ventricular volume and tumor volume showed a positive correlation with the cortical thickness in the bilateral CMF while demonstr …

PET imaging of dopamine transporters and D2/D3 receptors in female monkeys: effects of chronic cocaine self-administration.

Brain imaging studies using positron emission tomography (PET) have shown that long-term cocaine use is associated with lower levels of dopamine (DA) D2/D3 receptors (D2/D3R); less consistent are the effects on DA transporter (DAT) availability. However, most studies have been conducted in male subjects (humans, monkeys, rodents). In this study, we used PET imaging in nine drug-naïve female cynomolgus monkeys to determine if baseline measures of DAT, with [18F]FECNT, and D2/D3R availability, with [11C]raclopride, in the caudate nucleus, putamen and ventral striatum were associated with rates o…

Associations Between the Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives and Regional Brain Volumes in Adult Smokers.

INTRODUCTION: The Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM-68) is a 68-item questionnaire to assess nicotine dependence as a multifactorial construct based on 13 theoretically derived smoking motives. Chronic smoking is associated with structural changes in brain regions implicated in the maintenance of smoking behavior; however, associations between brain morphometry and the various reinforcing components of smoking behavior remain unexamined. The present study investigated the potential association between smoking dependence motives and regional brain volumes in a cohort of 2

Abnormal regional spontaneous neural activity and functional connectivity in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy patients with different activity: a resting-state fMRI study.

PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the spontaneous neuronal activity and functional connectivity pattern variations using resting-state functiona … gyrus (Postcentral_L). Active TAO patients also showed significantly higher ALFF values in the left caudate nucleus (Caudate_L) and increased fALFF values in the superior lobe of the right cerebellum (Cerebelum_Crus1_R). Moreover, both active and inactive TAO patients demonstrated decreased FC within the left postcentral gyrus (Postcentral_L) compared to HCs. Add …

Longitudinal Brain Changes After Stroke and the Association With Cognitive Decline.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is common after stroke. So is cortical- and subcortical atrophy, with studies reporting more atrophy in the ipsilesional hemisphere than the contralesional hemisphere. The current study aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations between (I) lateralization of brain atrophy and stroke hemisphere, and (II) cognitive impairment and brain atrophy after stroke. We expected to find that (I) cortical thickness and hippocampal-, thalamic-, and caudate nucleus volumes declined more in the ipsilesional than the contralesional hemisphere up to 36 months after strok…

The Alternation of Gray Matter Morphological Topology in Drug-Naïve Tourette's Syndrome in Children.

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopment disorder characterized by motor and phonic tics. We investigated the topological alterations in … n the cerebral cortex-striatum-thalamus-cortex circuit. These changes mainly involved the bilateral caudate nucleus, left thalamus, and gyri related to tics. Nodal betweenness, nodal degree, and nodal efficiency in the right superior parietal gyrus were negatively correlated with the motor tic scores of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) (r = -0.328, p = …

Altered subcortical and cortical brain morphology in adult women with 47,XXX: a 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging study.

BACKGROUND: Triple X syndrome (47,XXX) is a relatively common sex chromosomal aneuploidy characterized by the presence of a supernumerary X chromosome in females and has been associated with a variable cognitive, behavioural and psychiatric phenotype. 47,XXX may serve as a suitable model for studying the effect of genetic architecture on brain morphology. Previous studies have shown alterations in brain structure in 47,XXX particularly in childhood and adolescence. In this study, we examined subcortical and cortical brain morphology in adult women with 47,XXX using ultra-high field 7T MRI. Giv

Linking Stage-Specific Plasma Biomarkers to Gray Matter Atrophy in Parkinson Disease.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The shortcomings of synucleinopathy-based Parkinson disease staging highlight the need for systematic clinicopatholo … on disease: left midfrontal, superior-frontal and temporal, amygdala, and posterior cingulate gyri, caudate nucleus, and putamen. We discovered stage-specific correlations among proteinopathy, inflammation makers, topographic gray matter volume patterns, and cognitive performance that accompanied Parkinson disease progression. CONCLUSIONS: Identifying associatio …

Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation in Multiple Frequency Bands in Tension-Type Headache Patients: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Purpose: Tension-type headache (TTH), the most prevalent primary headache disorder, imposes an enormous burden on the people of the world. T … frequency-dependent alternating characterization of intrinsic brain activity was found in the left caudate nucleus in the slow-2 band of 0.198-0.25 Hz and in the right inferior frontal orbital gyrus in the slow-5 band of 0.01-0.027 Hz. For the correlation results, both the left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri and right superior parietal gyrus showed a …