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Medicine manipulation: An alternative to mitigate therapeutic gaps in the Brazilian Unified Health System?

Despite the various initiatives carried out in Brazil and in the world, the challenge of offering essential medicines in adequate presentations remains, especially to the public affected by diseases considered neglected and the pediatric population, for whom the therapeutic options remain limited. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the production of manipulated medicines as a strategy to mitigate therapeutic and access gaps to essential medicines within the Brazilian public health system, called the Unified Health System (SUS). The evaluation, carried out between 2020 and 2021, i

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… . | Infantile Activated charcoal | Powder for oral suspension | Nonspecific antidote used in acute exogenous intoxications by: acetylcysteine, phenothiazines, aspirin, mefenamic acid, indomethacin, valproic acid, iodides, amphetamines, ipecac, antidepressant agents, antimony, mercuric chloride, arsenic …

Yellow nail syndrome: a review.

Yellow nail syndrome (YNS; OMIM 153300, ORPHA662) is a very rare disorder that almost always occurs after 50 years of age but a juvenile or familial form has also been observed. YNS is diagnosed based on a triad associating yellow nail discoloration, pulmonary manifestations (chronic cough, bronchiectasia, pleural effusion) and lower limb lymphedema. Chronic sinusitis is frequently associated with the triad. YNS etiology remains unknown but a role of lymphatic impairment is usually evoked. YNS is more frequently isolated but may be associated in rare cases with autoimmune diseases, other clini

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… Quantitative limb lymphoscintigraphy with 99m Tc-colloidal antimony sulfide revealed less activity (percentage uptake) in the draining lymph nodes (inguinofemoral or axillary) [ 41 ]. …

Management of Pneumocystis Jirovecii pneumonia in HIV infected patients: current options, challenges and future directions.

The discovery of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was led by the merge of clustered cases of Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia (PCP) in otherwise healthy people in the early 80's.1,2 In the face of sophisticated treatment now available for HIV infection, life expectancy approaches normal limits. It has dramatically changed the natural course of HIV from a nearly fatal infection to a chronic disease.3-5 However, PCP still remains a relatively common presentation of uncontrolled HIV. Despite the knowledge and advances gained in the prevention and management of PCP infection, it continues to

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… Pentamidine isethionate Pentamidine isethionate is effective therapy for Gambian trypanosomiasis, antimony-resistant leishmaniasis, and P. jirovecii pneumonia. Between 1967 and 1984 its use was restricted to treating infections due to Trypanosoma gambiense and Pneumocystis jirovecii . …

Interventions for Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis, caused by a parasitic infection, is considered one of the most serious skin diseases in many low- and middle-income countries. Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (OWCL) is caused by species found in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, the Mediterranean, and India. The most commonly prescribed treatments are antimonials, but other drugs have been used with varying success. As OWCL tends to heal spontaneously, it is necessary to justify the use of systemic and topical treatments. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2008. OBJECTIVES: To assess

Interventions for Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis, caused by a parasitic infection, is considered one of the most serious skin diseases in many low- and middle-income countries. Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (OWCL) is caused by species found in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, the Mediterranean, and India. The most commonly prescribed treatments are antimonials, but other drugs have been used with varying success. As OWCL tends to heal spontaneously, it is necessary to justify the use of systemic and topical treatments. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2008. OBJECTIVES: To assess

Update on Occupational Cancer for Better Cancer Prevention and Control.

Occupational cancer remains an ongoing and emerging issue in cancer prevention and control and is more easily preventable in practice than other causes. As of 2024, changes in various aspects, such as methods for estimating the burden of cancer, evidence on novel carcinogens and classification systems, modernization of working conditions, job characteristics, occupational exposure, and societal changes have played a significant role. Furthermore, advances in technology, including wearable devices, exposome, and biomedical technology, offer more precise methods for identifying the associations

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… Metals: | Pesticides: * Cobalt metal (without tungsten carbide or other metal alloys) (Volume 131) | * Aldrin and dieldrin (Volume 117) * DDT (Volume 113) * Soluble cobalt(II) salts (Volume 131) | * Malathion (Volume 112) * Trivalent antimony (Volume 131) | * Glyphosate (Volume 112) Industrial chemicals …

Neutrophilic Dermatosis of the Hands: A Case Report.

Neutrophilic dermatosis of the hands (NDDH) is a localized variant of Sweet's syndrome which has been recently introduced. Strutton et al.in 1996 and then in Galaria et al. in 2000 reported cases with violaceous papulonodules on the dorsal surfaces of the hands with histopathological findings of a neutrophilic dermatosis in association with leukocytoclasia, but clinically and histologically without true vasculitis findings. Eventually, they proposed the term NDDH for these lesions (1,2). A 46-year-old man was referred to our outpatient dermatology clinic with a painful ulcerative lesion on the

Ammonium metabolism rewiring in the prostate cancer microenvironment: Mechanisms and clinical prospects.

Ammonium metabolism represents a critically understudied yet pivotal driver of prostate tumorigenesis and tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling. The interplay between tumor metabolic reprogramming and the tumor microenvironment has emerged as a critical frontier in oncology research. While previous studies on prostate cancer metabolism have predominantly focused on lipid metabolism and the Warburg effect, the role of ammonium metabolism, particularly the urea cycle in tumor immune regulation remains insufficiently explored. This metabolic reprogramming constitutes a central node connecting c

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… SLC7A11 activity may be influenced by environmental metal elements such as antimony, which modulate the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 axis and inhibit ferroptosis in PCa cells ( 166 ). …

Research progress on arsenic, arsenic-containing medicinal materials, and arsenic-containing preparations: clinical application, pharmacological effects, and toxicity.

Introduction: The toxicity of arsenic is widely recognized globally, mainly harming human health by polluting water, soil, and food. However, its formulations can also be used for the clinical treatment of diseases such as leukemia and tumors. Arsenic has been used as a drug in China for over 2,400 years, with examples such as the arsenic-containing drug realgar mentioned in Shennong's Herbal Classic. We have reviewed references on arsenic over the past thirty years and found that research has mainly focused on clinical, pharmacological, and toxicological aspects. Results and Discussion: The f

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… It is located between phosphorus and antimony, and its physical and chemical properties are similar to those of phosphorus. It can form alloys and is easy to covalently combine with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Arsenic exists in inorganic form, organic form, and different oxidation states. …

15th Report on Carcinogens.

BACKGROUND: The Report on Carcinogens (RoC) is a congressionally mandated, science-based public health document that the National Toxicology … n (see Phenacetin and Analgesic Mixtures Containing Phenacetin); o-Anisidine and Its Hydrochloride; Antimony Trioxide; Aristolochic Acids; Arsenic and Inorganic Arsenic Compounds; Asbestos; Azacitidine; Azathioprine. B: Basic Red 9 Monohydrochloride; Benz[a]anthracene (see Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: 15 Listings); Benzene; Benzidine (see Benzidine a …

Совокупное и интерактивное воздействие тяжелых металлов на нейродегенеративные заболевания: сравнительный обзор болезни Альцгеймера, Паркинсона, амиотропического бокового склероза и множественного склероза.

Тяжелые металлы и металллоиды являются стойкими загрязнителями окружающей среды, которые накапливаются в центральной нервной системе и взаимодействуют с местными основными металлами, однако в большинстве нейротоксических исследований металлы по-прежнему рассматриваются как независимые агенты, а не как смешанные смеси. В настоящем обзоре систематически сопоставляются данные о совокупном и интерактивном воздействии смесей тяжелых металлов на четыре основных нейродегенеративных заболевания: болезнь Альцгеймера (AD), болезнь Паркинсона (PD), амиотропический боковой склероз (ALS) и множественный ск

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… Magnetic Resonance Imaging MS | Multiple Sclerosis NHANES | National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Ni | Nickel NMR | Nuclear Magnetic Resonance PD | Parkinson’s Disease Pb | Lead Pd | Palladium PPMS | Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Rb | Rubidium ROS | Reactive Oxygen Species Sb | Antimony …

Thirty years from FDA approval of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil/Caelyx): an updated analysis and future perspective.

In 2025, it will be 30 years since the initial clinical approval of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) by the Food and Drug Administration. PLD predated the field of nanomedicine and became a model nanomedicine setting key pharmacological principles (prolonged circulation, slow drug release and the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect) for clinical application of other nano-drugs in cancer therapy. The impressive reduction of cardiotoxicity conferred by PLD is the most valuable clinical asset. While PLD has gained a strong foothold in relapsed ovarian cancer and metastatic breas

Recent Insights in Multi-Target Drugs in Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry.

Many of the drugs used in treatment today have been designed based on the "specificity paradigm". Resistance has developed against drugs designed using this approach, leading to a decrease in their effectiveness. In addition, it is well-documented in the literature that diseases with complex etiologies, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and cancer are influenced by multiple genetic and/or environmental factors. As a result, specificity paradigm is often insufficient for treating these diseases. Therefore, there is a need to develop drugs that interact with multiple targets simultaneously throu

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… efficacy against drug‐resistant strains in vitro and displayed significant solubility alongside in vivo activity. [ 216 ] Leishmaniasis Disease Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by Leishmania species, a unicellular parasite transmitted to humans through the bite of sandflies. [ 217 ] Pentavalent antimony …

A Novel Paradigm for Targeting Challenging Targets: Advancing Technologies and Future Directions of Molecular Glue Degraders.

Molecular glue degraders (MGDs) constitute a class of innovative therapeutic agents within the field of targeted protein degradation (TPD). In contrast to proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), MGDs induce protein degradation by stabilizing the interaction between an E3 ubiquitin ligase and a target protein. They typically exhibit favorable drug-like characteristics, including lower molecular weight and enhanced bioavailability. Although their discovery was historically serendipitous, recent advances in high-throughput screening, bioinformatics, and artificial intelligence are enabling more

Emergent Nanotechnological Strategies for Systemic Chemotherapy against Melanoma.

Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer, being one of the deadliest cancers in the world. The current treatment options involve surgery, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy and the use of chemotherapeutic agents. Although the last approach is the most used, the high toxicity and the lack of efficacy in advanced stages of the disease have demanded the search for novel bioactive molecules and/or efficient drug delivery systems. The current review aims to discuss the most recent advances on the elucidation of potential targets for melanoma treatment, such as aquaporin-3 and tyrosi

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… Over the years, several metal-based compounds for the treatment of different human pathologies have been clinically approved, namely for cancer (platinum and iron), microbial infections (silver), arthritis (gold), ulcers (bismuth), protozoan infections (antimony), diabetes (vanadium) and malaria (iron …

Токсичность тяжелых металлов в клиническом и экологическом здравоохранении: источники, механизмы, диагностика и научно обоснованное управление ртутью, свинцом, кадмием и арсеником.

Тяжелые металлы, включая ртуть (Hg), свинец (Pb), кадмий (Cd) и мышьяк (As), по-прежнему остаются значительными глобальными токсинами в силу их экологической стойкости, широкомасштабного антропогенного высвобождения и серьезного биологического воздействия. Этот обзор укрепляет нынешнее понимание их природных и промышленных источников, круговорота окружающей среды, маршрутов воздействия на человека и факторов уязвимости на уровне населения. Она охватывает их токсикокинетику и токсикодинамику, делая акцент на специфических для каждого вида механизмах поглощения, распределения и травмирования, вк

Targeting the p53 signaling pathway in cancers: Molecular mechanisms and clinical studies.

Tumor suppressor p53 can transcriptionally activate downstream genes in response to stress, and then regulate the cell cycle, DNA repair, metabolism, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and other biological responses. p53 has seven functional domains and 12 splice isoforms, and different domains and subtypes play different roles. The activation and inactivation of p53 are finely regulated and are associated with phosphorylation/acetylation modification and ubiquitination modification, respectively. Abnormal activation of p53 is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. While targeted t

RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS OF THE 34th ECVIM-CA CONGRESS.

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Ход работы 34th Симпозиум ESVN-ECVN 23rd-24th сентябрь 2022.

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Organelle-oriented nanomedicines in tumor therapy: Targeting, escaping, or collaborating?

Precise tumor therapy is essential for improving treatment specificity, enhancing efficacy, and minimizing side effects. Targeting organelles is a key strategy for achieving this goal and is a frontier research area attracting a considerable amount of attention. The concept of organelle targeting has a significant effect on the structural design of the nanodrugs employed. Most notably, the intricate interactions among different organelles in a tumor cell essentially create a unified system. Unfortunately, this aspect might have been somewhat overlooked when existing organelle-targeting nanodru

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… According to recent studies, metal complexes containing easily-modified coordination ligands and various transition metals, including iridium( iii ), gold( iii ), copper, europium, manganese, platinum, cobalt, nickel, zinc, rhodium, antimony, and osmium, exhibit the ability to target mitochondria [ 61 …