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How much does heterosexual commercial sex contribute to India's HIV epidemic?

Through a search, we identified five models of India's HIV epidemic, all of which articulate the hypothesis that heterosexual commercial sex drives India's HIV epidemic. All five models assume more female sex workers (FSWs) than have been mapped (counted), and more than can be inferred from men's sexual behaviour. With best and highest plausible evidence-based estimates (15-20% of 300,000-700,000 FSWs are HIV-positive; FSWs have 570 client contacts per year; clients use condoms with 60-75% of FSW contacts; and the rate of HIV transmission from FSWs to clients is 0.0011-0.002 per unprotected co…

[Use of contraceptive methods by sexually active women in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil].

In 2003, a population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban area of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The sample inc … In the 20-49-year old group, 48.8% reported using oral contraceptives, 18.7% tubal ligation, 17.3% condoms, and 7.3% IUDs. In the 50-60-year old group, the most widely used method was tubal ligation (79.6%). Regarding tubal ligation, the schooling variable showed a linear trend, that is, women with less schooling showed a higher prevalence. Prevalence of …

"Rollin' on E": a qualitative analysis of ecstasy use among inner city adolescents and young adults.

Ecstasy use has spread beyond the rave and club scenes into other arenas of party culture, and from middle-class America to working-class an … rease or halt their use. Some participants discussed using ecstasy during sex, and irregular use of condoms. These findings point to the need for more in-depth research on MDMA use within inner city settings, with a particular focus on ethnic and cultural context, self-controlled drug use, poly-drug mixing, and sex risk behaviors.

Attitudes of males on contraception: a KAPE survey.

Acceptance of Family Planning services has been at a very slow pace in Africa. It was generally believed that the African male, due to his c … nning Counselling. The study showed that most African men associate Family Planning with the use of condoms and not other methods such as the pill or the intrauterine devices.

Contraception and the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases.

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a major cause of ill health in women and their sexual partners and children. Contraceptive methods alter in various ways the risk of acquiring STD but assessment of the odds ratio is difficult due to the many confounding factors. Spermicides have been reported to kill a wide range of bacteria and viruses including HIV in vitro and to protect in vivo from infection by gonorrhoea, chlamydia and pelvic inflammatory disease (organisms unspecified). Spermicides will not cure pre-existing infections. Condoms and diaphragms will give some protection from bacte…

Vaginal condylomata acuminata after McIndoe neovagina creation.

The author encountered vaginal condylomata acuminata in two women after McIndoe neovagina creations. By in situ DNA hybridization, the autho … teristics of the lesions. Women with neovaginas should be encouraged to have their sex partners use condoms, despite the lack of a need for contraception.

Factors associated with HIV among young people attending Testing and Counseling Centers.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the factors associated with HIV among young people in a large Brazilian city. METHODS: a case-control study was cond … workers were 31.5 times more likely to be infected with HIV, and those who sometimes or never used condoms were 2.43 times more likely to acquire the infection. Vaginal sex was a protective factor against HIV infection. CONCLUSIONS: factors associated with HIV should guide strategies that prioritize men, sex workers, and people with unprotected and non- …

Violence against women and its interface with reproductive characteristics: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Violence against women is a social issue that impacts the lives of thousands of women and characterizes a human rights violation … associated with the number of children, history of sexually transmitted infections, refusal to use condoms, and number of sexual partners in the previous year. Forced first sexual intercourse and age at coitarche were associated with psychological and sexual violence. CONCLUSION: Results reveal the association between intimate partner violence against w …

Factors associated with the willingness of young people in higher education to adhere to syphilis screening.

OBJECTIVES: to investigate factors associated with willingness to know one's syphilis serological status among higher education students. METHODS: a cross-sectional and analytical study conducted with higher education students in Portugal. Data collection was carried out through an online questionnaire. Data were analyzed by Poisson logistic regression with robust variance, using SPSS-24. RESULTS: 413 students were included, most of whom were female, with an average age of 20.5 years and enrolled in health courses. Behavioral vulnerabilities were observed, such as non-use of condoms and use …

Non-Hormonal Contraception.

While hormonal contraceptives are efficacious and available in several forms for women, perception of safety and concern over side effects are a deterrent for many. Existing non-hormonal contraceptives include permanent sterilization, copper intrauterine devices (IUDs), chemical/physical barriers such as spermicides and condoms, as well as traditional family planning methods including withdrawal and the rhythm method. Individuals who wish to retain their fertility in the future can achieve highest adherence and efficacy with long-acting, reversible contraceptives (LARCs), though there is only …

Predictors of health behaviors during a college national championship sports event: A daily diary study.

Objective: Few studies have examined relations between college sporting events and maladaptive health behaviors among non-athlete college st … ess is protective. Interventions may work to make sports events on campus safer for students (e.g., condoms, reminder emails, mindfulness interventions for at risk groups); more research is needed.

High Rates of Unprotected Receptive Anal Intercourse and Their Correlates Among Young and Older MSM in Brazil.

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with unprotected receptive anal intercourse (URAI), stratified b … artner, and reporting sex with men only were associated with URAI in both groups. Despite access to condoms and lubricants, preventive efforts may not be reaching MSM effectively. Age specific intervention approaches, including stigma, discrimination, and perception of risk must be considered.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of women of childbearing age testing negative for Zika virus in Kentucky, 2016.

Because infection with Zika virus during pregnancy can cause microcephaly and other birth defects, women of childbearing age are an importan … bearing age about risks for and prevention of Zika virus infection, particularly emphasizing use of condoms and abstinence to prevent transmission.

Новые вирусные инфекции, передаваемые половым путем: 2. Обзор вирусного заболевания Зика.

Неожиданный рост числа новорожденных с микроцефалией в Бразилии в 2015 году привлек внимание общественности к вирусу Зика (ZIKV), менее известному заражению. Быстрое увеличение числа случаев заболевания по всей Америке и разрушительные осложнения, связанные с заражением ЗИКВ, свидетельствуют о серьезности сложившейся ситуации. За относительно короткий период времени наши знания об этой инфекции значительно возросли. Это включает в себя осознание того, что ZIKV может передаваться половым путем. Цель настоящей статьи состоит в том, чтобы представить краткое резюме этой новой инфекции, передающей

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
A sudden increase in the number of newborn infants with microcephaly in Brazil in 2015 brought Zika virus (ZIKV), a less-known infection, to … ssion where one or both partners have been exposed to ZIKV should abstain from sex or have sex with condoms for at least six months after the last day of possible exposure.

Молодые мужчины, вступающие в половые отношения с мужчинами, подверженными высокому риску заражения ВИЧ, Бангкокское исследование MSM Cohort, Таиланд, 2006 - 2014 годы.

О высокой распространенности ВИЧ сообщили молодые мужчины, вступающие в половые отношения с мужчинами (ОДМ) в Северной Америке и Западной Европе, однако из Юго-Восточной Азии имеются ограниченные данные, свидетельствующие о том, что МШМ, возможно, являются движущей силой эпидемии ВИЧ в этом регионе. Мы описали распространенность ВИЧ и факторы риска среди 494 ИМСМ, охваченных когортным исследованием в Бангкоке, Таиланд. Показатель заболеваемости ВИЧ составлял 7,4 на 100 человеко-лет. В рамках многовариантного анализа сообщения об использовании эректильного дисфункционального препарата в сочетан

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
High HIV incidence has been reported in young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in North America and Western Europe, but there are limited da … achomatis, having hepatitis B infection prior to HIV seroconversion, and reporting not always using condoms with male steady partners were significantly associated with HIV incidence in YMSM. Reduction in new HIV infections in YMSM are critical to reach targets set by Thailand and the region.

Sex education: findings from the Second Australian Study of Health and Relationships.

In a national telephone-based survey, information on sexual behaviour and outcomes were collected from 20091 randomly selected Australians i … alf the respondents (53%; n=19836) reported receiving sex education that included information about condoms and contraception. Using logistic regression analysis after adjusting for age, education and non-English-speaking background, we found that sex education was strongly associated with increased odds of using contraception at first vaginal intercourse …

Genital warts.

Anogenital warts (AGWs) are a very common disease. They are caused mostly by low-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) 6 and 11, particularly th … alent prophylactic HPV vaccine administered prior to sexual debut, as well as the meticulous use of condoms. Where coverage of the quadrivalent vaccine has been high, marked reductions in AGWs are being seen in young women of vaccine-eligible age, as well as in young males (as herd immunity effect).

Trends in contraceptive use.

BACKGROUND: In the past 50-60 years, desired and actual family size have decreased and contraceptive use has increased, especially in developing countries. Unmet need for modern contraceptives and unintended pregnancy levels remain significant. STUDY DESIGN: Data compiled by the United Nations and information from national surveys of women of reproductive age are used to examine trends. RESULTS: Oral contraceptives and condoms have been predominant methods in developed countries; sterilization has been the most common in Latin America and the Caribbean and Asia; hormonal methods, in Africa. …

Unprotected sex of homeless youth: results from a multilevel dyadic analysis of individual, social network, and relationship factors.

Homeless youth have elevated risk of HIV through sexual behavior. This project investigates the multiple levels of influence on unprotected … xtent, the social network. Analyses also distinguished between youth who did or did not want to use condoms when they had unprotected sex. Implications for social network based HIV risk interventions with homeless youth are discussed.

Transmen: the HIV risk of gay identity.

Many female-to-male transgender individuals, or transmen, are situated within the gay community, one of the highest risk communities for HIV, yet there has been little research regarding the experience of risk for these transmen. Seventeen transmen were interviewed regarding their sexuality and HIV risk behavior. Fourteen of the 17 reported having non-trans gay men as sexual partners. Risk behaviors included not using condoms with multiple partners who were HIV-positive, or of unknown HIV status. Aspects of risk included the unfamiliarity of the gay community and the lack of safe sex negotiati…