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Post hip fracture orthogeriatric care-a Canadian position paper addressing challenges in care and strategies to meet quality indicators.

INTRODUCTION: Osteoporosis is a major disease state associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Less than half of the individuals sustaining a low energy hip fracture are diagnosed and treated for the underlying osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: A multidisciplinary Canadian hip fracture working group has developed practical recommendations to meet Canadian quality indicators in post hip fracture care. METHODS: A comprehensive narrative review was conducted to identify and synthesize key articles on post hip fracture orthogeriatric care for each of the individual sections

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… receptor modulators; MHT , menopausal hormonal therapy Fig. 5 Treatment algorithm (reproduced with permission) [ 127 ] Table 6 Osteoporosis medications: special considerations and contraindications Abbreviations: SC , subcutaneous; mo , month; MI , myocardial infarction; ALP , alkaline phosphatase; … GERD , gastroesophageal reflux disease; IV , intravenous; eGFR , estimated glomerular filtration rate; ONJ , osteonecrosis of the jaw; AFF , atypical femoral fracture; PE , pulmonary embolism; DVT , deep venous thrombosis; SERMs , selective estrogen receptor modulators; MHT , menopausal hormonal therapy …

Polypharmacology: new drugs in 2023-2024.

Polypharmacology is an emerging approach to drug design and development that involves the use of multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs), agents capable of interacting with multiple biological targets simultaneously. The effective treatment of chronic and multifactorial conditions, driven by the dysregulation of multiple interconnected pathways, such as cancer, autoimmune and metabolic disorders, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, is one of the most substantial challenges in contemporary pharmacology. 'Traditional' single-target-based treatment frequently shows limited effectiveness,

Review of the Current Knowledge on the Role of Stem Cell Transplantation in Neurorehabilitation.

The management involving stem cell (SC) therapy along with physiotherapy offers tremendous chance for patients after spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, etc. However, there are still only a limited number of reports assessing the impact of stem cells (SCs) on the rehabilitation process and/or the results of the simultaneous use of SC and rehabilitation. Additionally, since there is still not enough convincing evidence about the effect of SCT on humans, e.g., in stroke, there have been no studies conducted concerning rehabilitation program formation and expected outc

Research Advances on Targets and Mechanisms in Cancers Complicated by Cardiovascular Diseases.

PurposeCancers complicated by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are increasingly becoming major limiting factors affecting patients' long-term quality of life and clinical outcomes. Systematic identification of therapeutic targets and their clinical development status is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a target-based analytical framework to systematically map the distribution, developmental stage, maturity, and mechanistic characteristics of clinical trials investigating tumors co-occurring with CVD, thereby identifying potential therapeutic t

Targeting Histone Deacetylases: Opportunities for Cancer Treatment and Chemoprevention.

The dysregulation of gene expression is a critical event involved in all steps of tumorigenesis. Aberrant histone and non-histone acetylation modifications of gene expression due to the abnormal activation of histone deacetylases (HDAC) have been reported in hematologic and solid types of cancer. In this sense, the cancer-associated epigenetic alterations are promising targets for anticancer therapy and chemoprevention. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) induce histone hyperacetylation within target proteins, altering cell cycle and proliferation, cell differentiation, and the regulation of cell death pr

The functional role of long noncoding RNA in resistance to anticancer treatment.

Chemotherapy is one of the fundamental methods of cancer treatment. However, drug resistance remains the main cause of clinical treatment failure. We comprehensively review the newly identified roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in oncobiology that are associated with drug resistance. The expression of lncRNAs is tissue-specific and often dysregulated in human cancers. Accumulating evidence suggests that lncRNAs are involved in chemoresistance of cancer cells. The main lncRNA-driven mechanisms of chemoresistance include regulation of drug efflux, DNA damage repair, cell cycle, apoptosis, e

Pathogenesis of Bone Alterations in Gaucher Disease: The Role of Immune System.

Gaucher, the most prevalent lysosomal disorder, is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder due to a deficiency of glucocerebrosidase. Glucocerebrosidase deficiency leads to the accumulation of glucosylceramide primarily in cells of mononuclear-macrophage lineage. Clinical alterations are visceral, hematological, and skeletal. Bone disorder in Gaucher disease produces defects on bone metabolism and structure and patients suffer from bone pain and crisis. Skeletal problems include osteopenia, osteoporosis, osteolytic lesions, and osteonecrosis. On the other hand a chronic stimulation of the im

The Proliferative and Apoptotic Landscape of Basal-like Breast Cancer.

Basal-like breast cancer (BLBC) is an aggressive molecular subtype that represents up to 15% of breast cancers. It occurs in younger patients, and typically shows rapid development of locoregional and distant metastasis, resulting in a relatively high mortality rate. Its defining features are that it is positive for basal cytokeratins and, epidermal growth factor receptor and/or c-Kit. Problematically, it is typically negative for the estrogen receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which means that it is unsuitable for either hormone therapy or targeted HER2 therapy. As

Nanogel-Based Precision Bone Regeneration: Rational Design, Biological Barrier Penetration, and Osteoporotic Microenvironment Remodeling.

The pathogenesis of osteoporosis is primarily associated with impaired communication between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, leading to disrupted bone homeostasis. Conventional biomaterials mainly rely on macroscopic structural support and are limited in their ability to precisely regulate the complex bone microenvironment and overcome biological barriers. As representative soft matter nanoplatforms, nanogels possess unique viscoelastic mechanical properties and adaptive biointerfacial properties, offering new opportunities to overcome physical barriers within bone tissues. Moving beyond previous

The DAC system and associations with multiple myeloma.

Despite the clear progress achieved in recent years in the treatment of MM, most patients eventually relapse and therefore novel therapeutic options are still necessary for these patients. In this regard, several drugs that target specific mechanisms of the tumor cells are currently being explored in the preclinical and clinical setting. This manuscripts offers a review of the rationale and current status of the antimyeloma activity of one of the most relevant examples of these targeted drugs: deacetylase inhibitors (DACi). Several studies have demonstrated the prooncogenic activity of deacety

Cellular zinc metabolism and zinc signaling: from biological functions to diseases and therapeutic targets.

Zinc metabolism at the cellular level is critical for many biological processes in the body. A key observation is the disruption of cellular homeostasis, often coinciding with disease progression. As an essential factor in maintaining cellular equilibrium, cellular zinc has been increasingly spotlighted in the context of disease development. Extensive research suggests zinc's involvement in promoting malignancy and invasion in cancer cells, despite its low tissue concentration. This has led to a growing body of literature investigating zinc's cellular metabolism, particularly the functions of

Molecular Approaches To Target GPCRs in Cancer Therapy

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Zebrafish Avatars towards Personalized Medicine-A Comparative Review between Avatar Models.

Cancer frequency and prevalence have been increasing in the past decades, with devastating impacts on patients and their families. Despite the great advances in targeted approaches, there is still a lack of methods to predict individual patient responses, and therefore treatments are tailored according to average response rates. "Omics" approaches are used for patient stratification and choice of therapeutic options towards a more precise medicine. These methods, however, do not consider all genetic and non-genetic dynamic interactions that occur upon drug treatment. Therefore, the need to dir

An Approach for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Jaw Osteonecrosis: Report of a Case Associated with Zoledronic Acid.

BACKGROUND Osteonecrosis of the jaw is a condition manifesting as necrotic bone for 8 weeks or more, with no history of radiotherapy. It is linked to the use of antiresorptive drugs, such as bisphosphonates and denosumab. We discuss in this case report the importance of infection control during clinical procedures in patients taking antiresorptives. CASE REPORT Our case report describes a 52-year-old woman who had received zoledronic acid injections for 7 years, who presented with osteonecrosis of the jaw in the region of teeth 24, 25, and 26, with no local trauma. The report proceeds to descr

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… The antiresorptive drugs are classified into 5 classes, according to the principal agent: bisphosphonates, estrogen, selective estrogen receptor modulators, calcitonin, and denosumab. …

Recent progress on the effects of microRNAs and natural products on tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological process of phenotypic transition of epithelial cells that can promote physiological development as well as tissue healing and repair. In recent years, cancer researchers have noted that EMT is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. When tumor cells undergo EMT, they can develop enhanced migration and local tissue invasion abilities, which can lead to metastatic growth. Nevertheless, two researches in NATURE deny its necessity in specific tumors and that is discussed in this review. The degree of EMT and the detection

Adipocyte-Tumor Interactions in the Bone Marrow Niche: Implications for Metastasis and Therapy.

Bone metastases continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with advanced cancers, driven by the dynamic remodeling of the bone marrow niche. Traditionally viewed as passive space-fillers, bone marrow adipocytes (BMAs) are now recognized as active regulators of tumor growth, therapeutic resistance, and skeletal pathology. BMAs comprise a significant portion of the adult marrow space, particularly in aging and obesity, and facilitate metastatic colonization through various mechanisms. These include metabolic coupling, where adipocyte-derived fatty acids fuel tumor oxidat

TAM-ing the CIA-Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Their Potential Role in Unintended Side Effects of Therapeutics for Cancer-Induced Anemia.

Cancer-induced anemia (CIA) is a common consequence of neoplasia and has a multifactorial pathophysiology. The immune response and tumor treatment, both intended to primarily target malignant cells, also affect erythropoiesis in the bone marrow. In parallel, immune activation inevitably induces the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin to direct iron fluxes away from erythroid progenitors and into compartments of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Moreover, many inflammatory mediators inhibit the synthesis of erythropoietin, which is essential for stimulation and differentiation of erythroid progeni

The Inclusion of Dietary and Medicinal Mushrooms into Translational Oncology: Pros and Cons at the Molecular Level.

Mushrooms are valued for their nutritional qualities and have been used in traditional medicine since the Neolithic era. They exhibit various bioactivities, including antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic, immunomodulatory, and anticancer effects. The anticancer effects arise via direct action on tumor cells and indirect modulation of the immune system; the latter is the predominant mechanism. Numerous studies indicate that various mushroom species are potent immunostimulants because their cell wall polysaccharides and proteoglycans are recognized by intestinal immune cells. This enhances antitumor

TACC3, correlated with immune cell infiltrates, is a novel prognostic biomarker in BRCA.

Transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3 (TACC3) plays a crucial oncogenic role in various carcinomas and may act as a novel prognostic factor. However, its prognostic significance and underlying mechanisms in breast cancer (BRCA) remain unclear and require further investigation. This research included 181 breast cancer tissues, and the expression levels of TACC3 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining and grading. The mRNA expression of TACC3 in pan-cancer was analyzed with The Cancer Genome Atlas data platform. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis assessed TACC

The prince and the pauper. A tale of anticancer targeted agents.

Cancer rates are set to increase at an alarming rate, from 10 million new cases globally in 2000 to 15 million in 2020. Regarding the pharmacological treatment of cancer, we currently are in the interphase of two treatment eras. The so-called pregenomic therapy which names the traditional cancer drugs, mainly cytotoxic drug types, and post-genomic era-type drugs referring to rationally-based designed. Although there are successful examples of this newer drug discovery approach, most target-specific agents only provide small gains in symptom control and/or survival, whereas others have consiste