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Blockade of the mineralocorticoid receptor in healthy men: effects on experimentally induced panic symptoms, stress hormones, and cognition.

Animal studies have shown that blockade of central mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) has anxiolytic effects and impairs several aspects of cognitive function. No study to date assessed the effects of MR blockade on anxiety and cognitive function in humans. In the present study, 16 healthy young men were treated either with placebo or with 300 mg spironolactone, a MR-antagonist, at 1100, 1330, and 1630 hours in a balanced cross-over design with the two study conditions being 1 week apart. At 1500 hours, the panic symptoms provoking compound cholecystokinin-tetrapeptide (CCK-4) was administered i

Patients with mild Alzheimer's disease attribute conceptual fluency to prior experience.

Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been found to be relatively dependent on familiarity in their recognition memory judgments. Conceptual fluency has been argued to be an important basis of familiarity. This study investigated the extent to which patients with mild AD use conceptual fluency cues in their recognition decisions. While no evidence of recognition memory was found in the patients with AD, enhanced conceptual fluency was associated with a higher rate of "Old" responses (items endorsed as having been studied) compared to when fluency was not enhanced. The magnitude of this e

Delayed verbal memory retrieval: a functional MRI study in epileptic patients with structural lesions of the left medial temporal lobe.

In a previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we suggested that in left medial temporal lobe epilepsy (LTLE) poor verbal episodic memory performances were sustained by abnormal neocortical and mesiotemporal activations. In the present study, we attempted to examine the evolution of these abnormal neocortical and mesiotemporal activations over 24 h. We thus observed the fMRI brain regions activated during the 24-h-delayed retrieval of a word list in the same sample of healthy control subjects and LTLE patients. In control subjects, a similar left occipitotemporofrontal netwo

Initial Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Characteristics and Recovery Patterns Among Females Across the United States Military Service Academies: A Report from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has been described in the United States (US) military service academy cadet population, but female-specific characteristics and recovery outcomes are poorly characterized despite sex being a confounder. Our objective was to describe female cadets' initial characteristics, assessment performance, and return-to-activity outcomes post-mTBI. Female cadets (n = 472) from the four US military service academies who experienced a mTBI completed standardized mTBI assessments from pre-injury to acute initial injury and unrestricted return-to-duty (uRTD). Initial injury

The visual basis of reading and reading difficulties.

Most of our knowledge about the neural networks mediating reading has derived from studies of developmental dyslexia (DD). For much of the 20th C. this was diagnosed on the basis of finding a discrepancy between children's unexpectedly low reading and spelling scores compared with their normal or high oral and non-verbal reasoning ability. This discrepancy criterion has now been replaced by the claim that the main feature of dyslexia is a phonological deficit, and it is now argued that we should test for this to identify dyslexia. However, grasping the phonological principle is essential for a

Childhood Trauma in Schizophrenia: Current Findings and Research Perspectives.

Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with persistence of symptoms throughout adult life in most of the affected patients. Thi … sms are discussed. Childhood trauma is associated with impaired working memory, executive function, verbal learning, and attention in schizophrenia patients, including those at ultra-high risk to develop psychosis. In these patients, higher levels of childhood trauma were correlated with higher levels of attenuated positive symptoms, general symptoms, and depress …

Rages--what are they and who has them?

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine rages and define their associated clinical and diagnostic conditions systematically. Children's severe anger outbursts, sometimes called "rages," have been associated with many disorders, including mania, "severe mood dysregulation," and oppositional defiant/conduct disorder. Although reactive aggression has been studied extensively, there are almost no data on this important and disabling clinical phenomenon. METHOD: A total of 130 different 5-12 year olds were hospitalized over 151 consecutive admissions were evaluated diagnostically with

Long-term outcome after neonatal parenchymatous brain lesions.

BACKGROUND: Although considered of high prognostic impact, knowledge on the long-term outcome after neonatal parenchymatous brain lesions (PBL) is limited. PATIENTS: 29 children with either unilateral (n = 19) or bilateral (n = 10) hemorrhagic/ischemic PBL. METHODS: The patients were reinvestigated at 9 9/12 +/- 3 4/12 years of age, using a standardized clinical investigation, the Beery-Buktenica Scales of Visuomotor Integration (VMI) and the Bruininks-Oseretzky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT). The parents were questioned by means of a standardized questionnaire and the Child Behavior Checkl

Decoding functional changes in the brain following ischemic stroke: a multimodal feature approach integrating fNIRS with machine learning and deep learning.

BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke (IS) induces significant structural and functional remodelling of brain networks. While functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) offers high temporal resolution for monitoring cerebral hemodynamics, its potential for capturing complex dysfunction patterns remains underutilized. This study investigated task-evoked and resting-state fNIRS responses to decode neurovascular deficits in IS patients compared to normal controls (NCs). METHODS: A total of 160 participants (115 IS patients and 45 NCs) were enrolled and underwent fNIRS recording across three paradigms:

Altered Intersubject Variability of Morphological Connectivity in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Its Associations With Gene Expression and Cell Types.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a heterogeneous disorder; however, interindividual variability in morphometric brain con … <0.05). IVMC in the sensorimotor and ventral attention networks was associated with poorer Auditory-Verbal Learning Test performance. Partial least squares regression analysis revealed that IVMC-related genes were enriched in neurodevelopmental and metabolic processes, whereas negatively weighted genes were associated with synaptic structure and glutamatergic sig …

Cross-Disease Classification of Depression, Bipolar Disorder, and Schizophrenia Using Multiscale Spatiotemporal Network Fusion Features From fNIRS.

BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SCZ) are highly prevalent and disabling psychiatric conditions with increasing incidence, significantly affecting individuals' daily functioning, social relationships, and overall quality of life. Current diagnostic practices largely rely on clinical interviews and symptom-based rating scales, which are inherently subjective and time-consuming-posing major obstacles to large-scale screening. METHODS: To address this, we propose a novel multiscale spatiotemporal network fusion (MSNF) feature extraction metho

Performance-Based Functional Status Predicts Diffuse Cortical Atrophy in Alzheimer's Disease.

Objectives: We aimed to compare performance-based functional ability and cognitive screening performance to determine the cortical thickness … essment. Individuals were evaluated with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning test (RAVLT), the Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire (ADL-Q) and the Direct Assessment of Functional Status-Revised (DAFS-R). Results: Higher ADL-Q scores were significantly associated with lower cortical thickness (bilateral temporoparietal r …

Training for complexity: Fostering interdisciplinary thinking in One Health graduate education.

Graduate training in One Health must equip students to think across disciplines and address complex health challenges through integrative approaches. While case-based and project-based learning are increasingly used to support these goals, there is limited research on how graduate students engage in interdisciplinary exchange, particularly through peer feedback. This study examined structured peer interactions in a graduate-level One Health seminar at North Carolina State University. Six doctoral students from diverse disciplines - ranging from engineering to ecology to technical communication

Subtle visuo-cognitive deficits as a potential early marker of cognitive decline.

BackgroundIndividuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) report declining cognitive abilities but do not have an objective cognitive impairment at present. Research indicates that they are at an elevated risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Identifying or developing cognitive measures capable of detecting cognitive deficits that individuals with SCD may experience is crucial, as they may benefit from additional diagnostic procedures and interventions aimed at delaying further cognitive decline.ObjectiveTo investigate whether specific cognitive tasks selected for their relevance in

Exploring the use of neuropsychological testing for pre-surgical evaluations of patients with epilepsy in Mongolia using the Repeatable battery for the Assessment of neuropsychological Status (RBANS).

OBJECTIVE: Neuropsychological testing is an essential component of the pre-surgical evaluation for patients with epilepsy. However, no known validated neuropsychological assessment exists for use in Mongolia. This exploratory study evaluates the use of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Update in Mongolian patients with epilepsy. METHODS: Fifty-nine patients with localized drug-resistant epilepsy in Mongolia completed a nonvalidated translated version of the RBANS as part of their pre-surgical workup. Multivariate analyses of variance were conducte

Volume changes of the limbic system and their link to age-related memory decline in healthy adults.

BACKGROUND: Global population aging highlights the need to explore age-related limbic system alterations, which are closely linked to emotion, memory, and cognition. Heterogeneous volume changes of limbic subregions and their memory-related impacts in healthy aging remain poorly understood. METHODS: A total of 315 cognitively normal adults aged 20-89 years were divided into four age cohorts. T1-weighted MRI was applied to quantify volumes of core limbic subregions. Memory and general cognition were evaluated via the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Hopkins Verbal Learning (HOP), cover…

Oligoclonal band count as a marker of MRI lesion burden and clinical profile in newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Oligoclonal band (OCB) positivity is a well-established biomarker in multiple sclerosis (MS), yet the clinical and r … MS, higher OCB counts are associated with broader MRI lesion distribution and subtle impairment in verbal learning and memory. These findings suggest that OCB count reflects intrathecal immune activity that parallels MRI-defined lesion topography and may help identify patients with early radiological and cognitive vulnerability.

Разные ассоциации между социальной поддержкой и когницией пожилых людей с множественным склерозом и без него.

ЦЕЛЬ: В случае лиц с множественным склерозом (МС) предполагаемая социальная поддержка (ПСС) связана с улучшением психического здоровья, физического благополучия и качества жизни. По мере того как МЗ становятся все более распространенными среди пожилых людей, исследования по вопросу о воздействии МЗ на сознание остаются ограниченными. В настоящем исследовании анализируется влияние общего и донного показателей PSS на скорость обработки и память пожилых людей с помощью MS (OAMS) и здоровых методов контроля. МЕТОД: участниками были ОАМС (n = 94, средний возраст = 64,59 года; % женщин = 68,1 года)

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVE: In persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), perceived social support (PSS) is linked with better mental health, physical well-being, … ears; %female = 64). The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) assessed processing speed, the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) assessed memory, and the Medical Outcomes Study Modified Social Support Study (MSSS) assessed PSS. Linear regression models examined associations of total and domain PSS scores with SDMT and HVLT-R performances in the entire sa …

Memory Function and Huntington's Disease: A Systematic Review.

This systematic review aimed to identify preserved and impaired memory processes in Huntington's disease (HD), with consideration of disease stage and the specific memory subsystems assessed. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar up to March 11, 2025. Eligible studies had to be peer-reviewed, had to involve participants aged 18 or older, had to include patients with genetically or clinically confirmed HD, and had to be published in English or French. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. A structured narrative synthesis was performed across

The Association of Periodontal Status, Salivary Flow Rate, Salivary Cortisol Levels, and Cytokine Levels with Cognitive Status in Elderly Subjects.

Background/objectives: Aging is associated with a decline in physiological and cognitive functions. Periodontitis, a disease affecting the p … l and cytokine levels were analyzed using ELISA. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test. Results: Plaque score, calculus index, and bleeding on probing were moderately associated with cognitive scores (p < 0.05). In contrast, the number of remaining teeth, functional tooth units, periodontitis severity, salivary flow rate, salivar …