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Longitudinal characterization of plasma amino acids, biogenic amines, and amino acid-related metabolites in heifers from birth to first calving in response to colostrum and transition milk feeding.

This study presents the first comprehensive longitudinal metabolomic profiling of plasma AA, biogenic amines, and AA-related metabolites in … ected urea cycle and nitrogen disposal adjustments. Other metabolites, such as γ-aminobutyric acid, taurine, and lactate, displayed patterns indicative of neuroendocrine signaling, antioxidant defense, and energy metabolism shifts throughout development. Overall, plasma AA, biogenic amines, and AA-related metabolites in heifers are primarily influenced by …

Fecal metabonomics combined with 16S rRNA gene sequencing to analyze the changes of gut microbiota in rats with kidney-yang deficiency syndrome and the intervention effect of You-gui pill.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: A myriad of evidence have shown that kidney-yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS) is associated with metabolic dis … _group) and eleven related metabolites (i.e. deoxycholate, n-butyrate, valine, isoleucine, acetate, taurine, glycine, α-gluconse, β-glucose, glycerol and tryptophan) mediated various metabolic disorders (amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, especially methylamine metabolism, bile acid metabolism and urea cycle, short-chain fatty acid metabolism. nerv …

Functional and metabolic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation and the role of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate addition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: Short-term (4 weeks) supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid … /DHA supplementation increased postabsorptive netPB (p = 0.028), and WBPs of glutamine (p = 0.024), taurine (p = 0.039), and tyrosine (p = 0.036). Both EPA/DHA and HMB + EPA/DHA supplementation resulted in increased WBP of phenylalanine (p < 0.05). EPA/DHA but not HMB + EPA/DHA was able to increase WBP of arginine (p = 0.030), citrulline (p = 0.008), vali …

Taurultam shows antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus.

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus are highly contagious respiratory viruses that continuously pose major threats to human and public health. The high frequency of viral mutations led to the emergence of resistant isolates and caused virus epidemics repeatedly, emphasizing the urgent need to develop new antivirals. Taurultam is a metabolite of taurolidine. Moreover, taurolidine has been shown to have potent antiviral activities against multiple viruses and to have antiviral effects through its metabolites. RESULTS: In this study, we sought to determine the antiviral activities of taur

Effect of N-chlorotaurine mouth rinses on plaque regrowth and plaque vitality.

The purpose of this 4-day plaque regrowth study was to assess the effect of N-chlorotaurine (NCT) mouth rinses on plaque inhibition and plaque vitality. Eighty volunteers participated in this investigator-blind, randomized, clinical controlled study in parallel groups. No oral hygiene was permitted except rinsing with a 2% or 3% NCT mouth rinse, a positive or a negative control. Primary parameters were the plaque index (Silness and Löe, Acta Odontol Scand, 22:121-135, 1964) and plaque vitality (Netuschil et al., J Clin Periodontol, 16:484-488, 1989) after the final rinse. In addition, another …

Воздействие потребления рыбы на развитие инвалидности при множественном склерозе.

Появляющиеся данные свидетельствуют о том, что рацион питания, включая потребление рыбы, может играть определенную роль в развитии и развитии множественного склероза (МС). Мы поставили перед собой цель изучить влияние потребления рыбы на развитие инвалидности в РС. МЕТОДЫ: Случаи инцидентов, полученные в ходе проведенного населением исследования по вопросам контроля за состоянием окружающей среды (n=2719), в ходе которого были получены данные о заборе рыбы и результатах применения расширенной шкалы взносов для инвалидов (EDSS), были отнесены к категории потребления рыбы, а затем до 15 лет посл

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… Fish is a rich source of several nutrients that might benefit individuals with MS, namely, omega-3 fatty acids and taurine. … One such factor is taurine, an amino acid found in significant amounts in fish and seafood. 17 Taurine is the most abundant free amino acid in the brain and, although there are endogenous mechanisms for its production, an exogenous supply is necessary to meet physiological needs. 18 Taurine has diverse …

К лечению множественных склерозов

Множественный склероз (MS) является воспалительным и демиелинизирующим заболеванием центральной нервной системы (CNS). У большинства пациентов болезнь начинается с острого наступления, за которым следует этап ремиссии, последующие рецидивы и позднее переход к устойчивой хронической прогрессии. В меньшинстве пациентов эта постепенная фаза развивается с самого начала. Для рецидивов MS характерно в основном деновое образование побочного повреждения CNS и инфильтрация иммунных клеток, в то время как патологические особенности MS прогрессирования включают медленно расширяющиеся повреждения, глобаль

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… Taurine is involved in the modulation of neuronal excitability, antioxidation [ 97 ] and, as recently shown, in the differentiation of oligodendrocytes [ 98 ]. As a drug, taurine is very well tolerated and is actively transported through the BBB [ 95 ]. … Therefore, taurine supplementation could be a promising treatment strategy to improve neuroprotection and remyelination. …

[Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors and their liver metastasis].

Objective: To investigate the differences of protein expressions in the primary tumors, adjacent tissues, and metastatic tumors of gastroint … lated to glutathione metabolism and sulfur compound metabolism, collecting duct acid secretion, and taurine and hytaurine metabolism signaling pathways. Compared with the primary tissues of neuroendocrine cancers (NECs), 168 proteins were downregulated and 278 proteins were upregulated in G1-2 differentiation primary tissues. The differentially expressed …

Pharmacotherapy for alcohol dependence: perceived treatment barriers and action strategies among Veterans Health Administration service providers.

Although access to and consideration of pharmacological treatments for alcohol dependence are consensus standards of care, receipt of these medications by patients is generally rare and highly variable across treatment settings. The goal of the present project was to survey and interview the clinicians, managers, and pharmacists affiliated with addiction treatment programs within Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facilities to learn about their perceptions of barriers and facilitators regarding greater and more reliable consideration of pharmacological treatments for alcohol dependence. Fif

Plasma-Free Amino Acid Profiling of Nasal Polyposis Patients.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the mechanisms present in the etiopathogenesis of nasal polyposis. It is not clear whether amino acids contr … 1); p = 0.019); serine (ser: ng = 195.15 (151.58 - 253.07); cg = 83.07 (67.44 - 92.44); p = 0.001); taurine (tau: ng = 74.69 (47.00 - 112.13); cg = 53.14 (33.57 - 67.31); p = 0.006); tryptophan (trp: ng = 52.31 (33.81 - 80.11); cg = 34.44 (25.94 - 43.07); p = 0.005), homocitrulline (ng = 1.75 (1.27 - 2.59); cg = 0.00 (0.00 - 0.53); p = 0.001); norvaline ( …

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) regulation of ethanol sedation, dependence and consumption: relationship to acamprosate actions.

Recent studies have demonstrated that metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) antagonists decrease alcohol self-administration and suggest that the anti-craving medication, acamprosate, may also act to decrease mGluR5 function. To address the role of mGluR5 in behavioural actions of ethanol and acamprosate, we compared mutant mice with deletion of the mGluR5 gene and mice treated with a mGluR5 antagonist (MPEP) or acamprosate. Lack of mGluR5 or administration of MPEP reduced the severity of alcohol-induced withdrawal (AW), increased the sedative effect of alcohol (duration of loss of righti

O-GlcNAcylation-dependent upregulation of HO1 triggers ammonia-induced oxidative stress and senescence in hepatic encephalopathy.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Cerebral oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Herein, we analyzed a role of heme oxygenase (HO)1, iron and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) for the induction of oxidative stress and senescence in HE. METHODS: Gene and protein expression in human post-mortem brain samples was analyzed by gene array and western blot analysis. Mechanisms and functional consequences of HO1 upregulation were studied in NH4Cl-exposed astrocytes in vitro by western blot, qPCR and super-resoluti

Prodromal neuroinflammatory, cholinergic and metabolite dysfunction detected by PET and MRS in the TgF344-AD transgenic rat model of AD: a collaborative multi-modal study.

Mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are valuable but do not fully recapitulate human AD pathology, such as spontaneous Tau fibril accum … tyl-aspartate in the hippocampus at 18 m (-18% vs age-matched WT, and -31% vs 6 m TG) and increased Taurine in the cortex of TG (+35% vs age-matched WT, and +55% vs 6 m TG). Conclusions: This multi-centre multi-modal study demonstrates, for the first time, alterations in brain metabolites, cholinergic receptors and neuroinflammation in vivo in this model, …

Metabolomic Profiling in the Characterization of Degenerative Bone and Joint Diseases.

Osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthropathies are a cause of significant morbidity globally. New research elucidating the metabolic derangements associated with a variety of bone and joint disorders implicates various local and systemic metabolites, which further elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with these destructive disease processes. In osteoarthritis, atty acid metabolism has been implicated in disease development, both locally and systemically. Several series of rheumatoid arthritis patients have demonstrated overlapping trends related to histidine and glyceric aci

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… In this series, the role of the taurine and hypotaurine metabolism was observed; specifically, taurine levels were greater in sclerotic subchondral bone samples [ 5 ]. … Taurine supplementation has been shown to both promote the osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and inhibit osteoclastic differentiation [ 12 , 13 ]. …

Small molecule metabolites: discovery of biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Metabolic abnormalities lead to the dysfunction of metabolic pathways and metabolite accumulation or deficiency which is well-recognized hallmarks of diseases. Metabolite signatures that have close proximity to subject's phenotypic informative dimension, are useful for predicting diagnosis and prognosis of diseases as well as monitoring treatments. The lack of early biomarkers could lead to poor diagnosis and serious outcomes. Therefore, noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring methods with high specificity and selectivity are desperately needed. Small molecule metabolites-based metabolomics has b

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… , L-alanine, Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, and alanine metabolism Epileptic spasms Jingya Yan et al. 621 34 Cerebrospinal fluid Treatment LC-MS Kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxykynurenine, xanthurenic acid, anthranilic acid, quinolinic acid, picolinic acid, etc. … Notably, hypotaurine and taurine metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions were the most altered pathway for subcutaneous immunotherapy. 619 In this study, the authors found taurine, l-alanine, and hypotaurine, considered to be predictive biomarkers relevant with effective subcutaneous immunotherapy …

Is vegetarianism healthy for children?

According to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics' influential position statement on vegetarianism, meat and seafood can be replaced with milk, soy/legumes, and eggs without any negative effects in children. The United States Department of Agriculture endorses a similar view. The present paper argues that the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics ignores or gives short shrift to direct and indirect evidence that vegetarianism may be associated with serious risks for brain and body development in fetuses and children. Regular supplementation with iron, zinc, and B12 will not mitigate all of thes

Radioprotectors & mitigators in radiation therapy: Harnessing diverse pathways for optimizing clinical outcomes.

Radioprotectors are agents that protect normal tissues from the harmful effects of radiation during cancer treatment. Combining these protective agents with advanced radiotherapy techniques such as stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and proton therapy offers a promising strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing normal tissue toxicity. However, despite extensive research and the identification of numerous potential radioprotectors, only a few have made it into clinical practice. It is primarily because the transition from laboratory research to clinical application faces sign

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… muscle cells | DMF: Not known. | 50 L-carnitine | Rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, cell models | 50-300 mg/kg orally or intraperitoneally (pre- and/or post-irradiation; 5-15 days) | Gamma, X-ray, total cranial, abdominal, or whole-body irradiation (various doses, e.g. , 8 Gy) | Reduces DNA damage, with Taurine … Modulation of ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis by taurine in human peripheral blood lymphocytes: Flow cytometry-based quantification. J Biomed Phys Eng. 2024;14:287–98. doi: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2308-1655. 51. Virmani A, Diedenhofen A. …

Manifestations of systemic disease in the retina and fundus of cats and dogs.

The fundus is unique in that it is the only part of the body that allows for a noninvasive and uninterrupted view of vasculature and nervous tissue. Utilization of this can be a powerful tool in uncovering salient incidental findings which point to underlying systemic diseases, and for monitoring response to therapy. Retinal venules and arterioles allow the clinician to assess changes in vascular color, diameter, outline, and tortuosity. The retina and optic nerve may exhibit changes associated with increased or decreased thickness, inflammatory infiltrates, hemorrhages, and detachments. While

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… Taurine deficiency Taurine deficiency in cats may result in a progressive condition of feline central retinal degeneration (FCRD, i.e., nutritional retinal degeneration) and ultimately blindness. … Cats with FCRD should undergo nutritional evaluation, as well as a cardiac evaluation to rule out dilated cardiomyopathy which may also result from taurine deficient diets. …

Hydrogen sulfide: a novel gaseous signaling molecule and intracellular Ca2+ regulator in rat parotid acinar cells.

In addition to nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is recognized as a crucial gaseous messenger that exerts many biological actions in … production, which was decreased by blockade of NO synthases or phosphoinositide 3-kinase or by hypotaurine, an H2S scavenger. The H2S donor-induced [Ca(2+)]i increase was diminished by a NO scavenger or the NO synthases blocker. These results suggest that NO and H2S play important roles in regulating [Ca(2+)]i via soluble guanylyl cyclase-cGMP-protein ki …

Downregulation of LATS1/2 Drives Endothelial Senescence-Associated Stemness (SAS) and Atherothrombotic Lesion Formation.

BACKGROUND: Atherothrombosis, the main event leading to acute coronary syndrome (ACS), is strongly linked to disturbed blood flow (d-flow) r … on. Complementary spatial metabolomics profiling demonstrated a significant increase in sulfite and taurine within LATS1/2-deficient plaques, indicating lowered sulfite oxidase (SUOX) activity. Mechanistically, CD38 upregulation was found to suppress SUOX expression, induce the reverse mode of mitochondrial complex V, and increase succinate dehydrogenase …