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Risk factors and current state of therapy for anemia after kidney transplantation.

Post-transplant anemia is one of the most common complications in kidney transplant recipients, severely affecting patient prognosis and quality of life, and is an independent predictor of graft kidney loss and patient mortality. However, our clinical understanding and the attention given to post-transplant anemia are currently insufficient. This paper reviews the current status, risk factors, and therapeutic progress in anemia after transplantation in kidney transplant recipients. We recommend that clinical staff pay attention to anemia and its complications in kidney transplant recipients an

Impact of Pre-Transplant Anti-T Cell Globulin (ATG) on Immune Recovery after Myeloablative Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation.

BackgroundPre-transplant infusion of rabbit anti-T cell globulin (ATG) is increasingly used as prevention of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). However, the precise impact of pre-transplant ATG on immune recovery after PBSCT is still poorly documented.MethodsIn the current study, we compared immune recovery after myeloablative PBSCT in 65 patients who either received (n = 37) or did not (n = 28) pre-transplant ATG-Fresenius (ATG-F). Detailed phenotypes of circulating T, B, natural killer (NK) and invariant NKT (iNKT) cells were

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… The most widely used rabbit ATG preparations in Europe are ATG-T (Thymoglobulin, Genzyme/Sanofi) that is produced by rabbit immunization against human thymocytes, and ATG-F (Fresenius/Neovii) that is produced by rabbit immunization against the human T lymphoblastoid cell line Jurkat [ 13 ]. … Immunol Cell Biol . 2015 ; 93 ( 4 ): 321 – 2 10.1038/icb.2014.120 25666094 16 Bosch M , Dhadda M , Hoegh-Petersen M , Liu Y , Hagel LM , Podgorny P et al Immune reconstitution after anti-thymocyte globulin-conditioned hematopoietic cell transplantation . …

Post-transplant cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity: A comprehensive review.

Cyclophosphamide-induced cardiotoxicity, associated with its toxic metabolite acrolein, is a significant concern and unresolved issue, especially when cyclophosphamide is administrated in high doses. However, cardiotoxicity following low-dose cyclophosphamide has been also documented, especially in post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (post-HSCT) settings. Despite the involvement of multiple signaling pathways in cyclophosphamide-induced cardiomyopathy, the exact underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. This review outlines the current challenges of cyclophosphamide therapy

Current Status and Perspectives of Irradiation-Based Conditioning Regimens for Patients with Acute Leukemia Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia are the most common indications for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Total body irradiation (TBI) is an important part of conditioning regimens. TBI-based regimens offer advantages in sanctuary sites but are associated with significant risks of early and late side effects, including pulmonary toxicity, growth retardation, and second malignancy. TBI is also associated with technical problems, such as dose heterogeneity. With evolving techniques in radiation oncology, it is possible to focus the dose to the entire skeleto

Design and development of a disease-specific quality of life tool for patients with aplastic anaemia and/or paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (QLQ-AA/PNH)-a report on phase III.

To date, instruments to measure quality of life (QoL) specifically for patients with acquired aplastic anaemia (AA) and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) are lacking altogether. As a consequence, this issue is either underevaluated or alternatively, instruments originally designed for cancer patients are being used. We therefore started to systematically develop a AA/PNH-specific QoL (QLQ-AA/PNH) instrument in these ultra-rare diseases according to European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) guidelines. While phases I and II of the process have previously been p

Systemic Sclerosis Associated Interstitial Lung Disease: New Directions in Disease Management.

A subgroup of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) develop interstitial lung disease (ILD), characterized by inflammation and progressive scarring of the lungs that can lead to respiratory failure. Although ILD remains the major cause of death in these individuals, there is no consensus statement regarding the classification and characterization of SSc-related ILD (SSc-ILD). Recent clinical trials address the treatment of SSc-ILD and the results may lead to new disease-altering therapies. In this review, we provide an update to the diagnosis, management and treatment of SSc-ILD.

Myelodysplastic Syndromes: 2026 Update on Diagnosis, Risk-Stratification and Management.

DISEASE OVERVIEW: The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of myeloid disorders characterized by peripheral blood cytopenias and increased risk of transformation to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). MDS occurs more frequently in older males and in individuals with prior exposure to cytotoxic therapy. DIAGNOSIS: Diagnosis of MDS is based on morphological evidence of dysplasia upon visual examination of a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy. Information obtained from additional studies such as karyotype, flow cytometry, and molecular genetics is usually complementary and may he

Immune Checkpoint Molecules: A Review on Pathways and Immunotherapy Implications.

BackgroundToday, treating cancer patients with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), by targeting immune checkpoints, is one of the most outstanding immunotherapeutic methods. Immune checkpoints are special molecules having regulatory role in immune system responses. Once these molecules are presented on cancer cells, these cells will be capable of evading the immune system through their own specific pathways. This Evasion can be prevented by counterbalancing immune system responses with immune checkpoints related antibodies.AimsThe current study aimed to highlight immunotherapy and its methods, descr

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… Kawasaki , et al., “ Developmentally Regulated Expression of the PD‐1 Protein on the Surface of Double‐Negative(CD4–CD8–) Thymocytes ,” International Immunology 8 , no. 5 ( 1996 ): 773 – 780 . 8671666 10.1093/intimm/8.5.773 30 M. Mahmoudi , A. Rezaiemanesh , A. … Samelson , “ Ras and Extracellular Signal‐Regulated Kinase Signaling in Thymocytes and T Cells ,” Trends in Immunology 34 , no. 6 ( 2013 ): 259 – 268 . 23506953 10.1016/j.it.2013.02.004 PMC3856398 37 P. E. Lapinski and P. D. …

PD 1 checkpoint inhibition in solid organ transplants: 2 sides of a coin - case report.

BACKGROUND: The management of malignancy post kidney transplantation includes reduction in immunosuppression and referral to an oncologist management of their malignancy. Recent advances in oncology have resulted in the approval of several classes of drugs with immune-modulatory activity. However, activation of the immune system against malignant cells may precipitate allograft rejection in solid organ transplant recipients. CASE PRESENTATION: Herein we present a case of acute kidney allograft rejection in a 50 year old man following administration of the novel immune-modulatory agent nivolum

Combined chemotherapy with sequential allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation successfully treats primary plasma cell leukemia: a case report.

Primary plasma cell leukemia (pPCL) is an extremely aggressive and rare subtype of plasma cell neoplasm with extremely poor prognosis, and optimal treatment strategies remain controversial due to its low incidence. This case is unique in that it reports long-term disease-free survival after combination chemotherapy followed by allogeneic peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-PBSCT), which provides valuable real-world evidence supporting the potential curative role of this sequential therapeutic approach for pPCL, a disease where long-term survival is rarely achieved wi

Meperidine compared to morphine for rigors associated with monoclonal antibody-related infusion reactions.

IntroductionInfusion reactions, characterized by symptoms such as rigors, fever, and hypotension, are common adverse events that occur during monoclonal antibody (MAB) therapy. The treatment of rigors often involves opioids, most commonly meperidine, despite limited evidence supporting use in the setting of MAB infusions. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous (IV) meperidine and morphine is treatment of MAB-related rigors, filling a significant gap in the literature.MethodsThis was a single-center, retrospective cohort study which reviewed patients either inpatient

γδ T cells in hematological malignancies: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.

γδ T cells are a unique subset of lymphocytes with both innate and adaptive features. They recognize and eradicate various hematological malignancies through different mechanisms, employing factors including γδ TCR, NKR, NKG2D, TRAIL, and perforin/granzyme. They also modulate other immune cells to enhance their antitumor activity. Moreover, γδ T cells have potent antiviral functions after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), which may improve the outcome of patients with hematological malignancies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on γδ T cell biology and function

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… In mice, the intrathymic development of γδ T cells appears in fetal. 17 They originate from common thymic precursors as αβ T cells and branch from double-negative (DN) thymocytes stage. … They originate from common thymic precursors and branch from DN3 thymocytes stage. …

Unveiling the Unexpected: A Case of Synergistic Drug Reaction to Cannabidiol.

The widespread use of cannabis derived products has raised concerns with regard to their side effect profile, particularly hepatotoxicity. This case centers around a 45-year-old female patient receiving therapeutic cannabis oil, who demonstrated an acute surge in hepatic transaminases after excluding common etiologies, such as paracetamol and recent flucloxacillin, as both are hepatotoxic. A subsequent improvement in hepatic parameters following discontinuation reinforces the potential for an existing association between cannabis oil and liver injury. Furthermore, this case highlights the need

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… A comparative study on cannabidiol-induced apoptosis in murine thymocytes and EL-4 thymoma cells. Lee CY, Wey SP, Liao MH, Hsu WL, Wu HY, Jan TR. Int Immunopharmacol. 2008;8:732–740. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2008.01.018. 13. Hepatotoxicity of a cannabidiol-rich cannabis extract in the mouse model. …

Etanercept for steroid-refractory acute graft versus host disease following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Background/aimsThe treatment for steroid-refractory acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) needs to be standardized. We report our clinical experience with etanercept for steroid-refractory acute GVHD.MethodsEighteen patients who underwent allo-SCT and presented with steroid-refractory acute GVHD at Ajou University Hospital were studied retrospectively. They were given 25 mg of etanercept subcutaneously twice weekly for 4 weeks. The clinical responses were evaluated with regard to the severity of acute GVHD.ResultsThe median patient age was

RHOA at the intersection of inflammation-driven and sporadic colorectal cancer.

In the last decades, colorectal cancer (CRC) has emerged as a global problem, representing approximately 10% of all malignant tumors and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) arises from chronic unresolved inflammation and is typically characterised by poor prognosis. Among key cellular regulators, the small GTPase RHOA controls cytoskeleton dynamics in various cell types and, thereby, key biological processes. Although it has been linked to various diseases, the role of RHOA in cancer remains controversial. RHOA has been proposed as a biomarker in c

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… In T cells, RHOA coordinates integrin-dependent adhesion ( 137 ), mitochondrial fitness in thymocytes ( 138 ), TCR-induced activation ( 139 ), and differentiation pathways relevant to tumour immunity, including Th2 and Th17 lineages ( 140 – 142 ). …

Самые горячие темы трансплантации стволовых клеток: резюме 8th Международный курс трансплантации и клеточной терапии.

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The Role of Gamma Delta T Lymphocytes in Physiological and Pathological Condition-Focus on Psoriasis, Atopic Dermatitis, Autoimmune Disorders, Cancer and Lymphomas.

Gamma delta (γδ) T cells are a heterogeneous population of cells that play roles in inflammation, host tissue repair, clearance of viral and bacterial pathogens, regulation of immune processes, and tumor surveillance. Recent research suggests that these are the main skin cells that produce interleukin-17 (I-17). Furthermore, γδ T cells exhibit memory-cell-like characteristics that mediate repeated episodes of psoriatic inflammation. γδ T cells are found in epithelial tissues, where many cancers develop. There, they participate in antitumor immunity as cytotoxic cells or as immune coordinators.

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… The γδ T cell lineage is influenced by numerous signals, including TCR signal strength, notch and IL-7R signaling, and the presence of double-positive thymocytes. Strong TCR signals promote the development of γδ T cells, whereas relatively weak TCR signals generate αβ T lineage cells [ 8 ]. … Hodgkin lymphoma patients were shown to have slightly higher levels of circulating γδ T cells compared with healthy donors. γδ T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (γδ T-ALL) arises from the transformation of immature γδ thymocytes and has clinical features that differ from αβ T-ALL [ 67 ]. …

What the Intensivist Needs to Know About Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation?

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Effect of combining glucocorticoids with Compound A on glucocorticoid receptor responsiveness in lymphoid malignancies.

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a cornerstone in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies such as multiple myeloma (MM) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Yet, prolonged GC use is hampered by deleterious GC-related side effects and the emergence of GC resistance. To tackle and overcome these GC-related problems, the applicability of selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists and modulators was studied, in search of fewer side-effects and at least equal therapeutic efficacy as classic GCs. Compound A (CpdA) is a prototypical example of such a selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator and does no

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… Non-genomic mechanisms include, among other mechanisms, translocation of GR into mitochondria, and was shown to correlate with sensitivity of thymocytes to GC-mediated apoptosis [ 12 , 13 ]. … Mitochondrial translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor in double-positive thymocytes correlates with their sensitivity to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. International immunology. 2009;21: 1269–1276. doi: 10.1093/intimm/dxp093 14. Schacke H, Docke WD, Asadullah K. …

Comparison of reduced-toxicity conditioning protocols using fludarabine, melphalan combined with thiotepa or carmustine in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

The age of patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) has increased during the last decades, mainly due to improved reduced-intensity/toxicity conditioning protocols. A reduced-intensity conditioning based on fludarabin, carmustin/BCNU and melphalan (FBM) has been previously developed at our institution. Since we observed detrimental effects in individual patients with compromised lung function, efforts have been made in order to replace BCNU by thiotepa (FTM) to reduce toxicity. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the outcome, GvHD incidence, lung func