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Detection and Isolation of Mycoplasma capricolum Subspecies Capricolum from East Azerbaijan Sheep Flocks.

Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capricolum (Mcc) is one of the causative agents of contagious agalactia (CA), which is an important disease in sheep and goats in the Mediterranean and Middle East countries. Mycoplasma agalactiae is the classic agent of CA in sheep and goats. Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies Capri (Mmc), Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capricolum (Mcc), and Mycoplasma putrefaciens (Mp) produce a clinically similar disease, more often in goats. The aim of the present study was to detect Mcc in sheep flocks in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran. Milk, ear canal, and eye swab sample…

Vertebral Implantation of NELL-1 Enhances Bone Formation in an Osteoporotic Sheep Model.

BACKGROUND: Vertebral compression fractures related to osteoporosis greatly afflict the aging population. One of the most commonly used therapy today is balloon kyphoplasty. However, this treatment is far from ideal and is associated with significant side effects. NELL-1, an osteoinductive factor that possesses both pro-osteogenic and anti-osteoclastic properties, is a promising candidate for an alternative to current treatment modalities. This study utilizes the pro-osteogenic properties of recombinant human NELL-1 (rhNELL-1) in lumbar spine vertebral defect model in osteoporotic sheep. METH…

Developmental programming: postnatal estradiol modulation of prenatally organized reproductive neuroendocrine function in sheep.

Gestational testosterone (TS) excess, acting via both the androgenic and estrogenic pathways, advances puberty and disrupts the neuroendocrine estradiol (E2) feedback and periovulatory hormonal dynamics in female sheep. These prenatally programmed defects may be subject to postnatal modifications by continued organizational and/or activational effects of steroids. This study investigated (1) the organizational contribution of prenatal estrogen excess and (2) the impact of postnatal exposure to E2 in modulating the effects of prenatal androgen excess (TS and dihydrotestosterone (DHT)) on pubert…

Fasciola hepatica from naturally infected sheep and cattle in Great Britain are diploid.

Diploid (2n = 2x = 20) and triploid (2n = 3x = 30) Fasciola hepatica have been reported in the UK, and in Asia diploid, triploid and mixoploid (2x/3x) Fasciola spp. exist but there is little information to indicate how common triploidy is, particularly in UK fluke. Here the ploidy of 565 adult F. hepatica from 66 naturally infected British sheep and 150 adult F. hepatica from 35 naturally infected British cattle was determined. All 715 of these parasites were diploid, based on observation of 10 bivalent chromosomes and sperm (n = 335) or, since triploids are aspermic, sperm alone (n = 380). Th…

PREVALENCE OF DICROCOELIUM DENDRITICUM INFECTION IN SHEEP AT TAIF PROVINCE, WEST SAUDI ARABIA.

Dicrocoelium dendriticum is a common zoonotic parasite of sheep in many Regions of Saudi Arabia. In chronic infections, this parasite causes biliary cirrhosis in livers of cattle, sheep, or goats and leads to economic losses. This study compared the prevalence of Dicrocoelium dendriticum in local sheep and imported sheep in Taif Province, West Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional survey was carried out in slaughterhouses in Taif Province. A total 2230 local sheep and 21383 imported sheep were studied. The number of injury in imported sheep was observed as 99 representing 0.46% of the number of a…

Melatonin deprival modifies follicular and corpus luteal growth dynamics in a sheep model.

This study assessed the effect of melatonin deprival on ovarian status and function in sheep. Experimental procedures were carried out within two consecutive breeding seasons. Animals were divided into two groups: pinealectomised (n=6) and sham-operated (n=6). The completeness of the pineal gland removal was confirmed by the plasma concentration of melatonin. Ovarian status was monitored by ovarian ultrasonography for 1 year to study reproductive seasonality. Follicular and corpus luteal growth dynamics were assessed during an induced oestrous cycle. As the effects of melatonin on the ovary ma…

Клиническая реакция и переливание овечек, подвергшихся однополому переливанию крови.

Исследования, касающиеся сохранения крови и реагирования на переливание крови, недостаточны для румын. Мы провели оценку клинических проявлений овец, которые получили одно гомологическое переливание целой крови, сосредоточившись на реакциях на переливание. Eighteen Взрослые овцы подвергались одной флеботомии, с тем чтобы избавиться от нее. 40% общего объема крови, который был помещен в CPDA-1 мешки, а затем разделённые на G0, животные, которые получили свежую кровь, и G15 и G35, животные, которые получали кровь, хранимую для 15 или 35 Дни, соответственно. В ходе переливания были зарегистрирова

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Studies in relation to blood conservation and responses to transfusion are scarce for ruminants. We evaluated the clinical manifestations of sheep that received a single homologous transfusion of whole blood, focusing on transfusion reactions. Eighteen adult sheep were subjected to a single phlebotomy to withdraw 40% of the total blood volume, which was plac…

Changes in blood profile in sheep receiving raw garlic, garlic oil or monensin.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementing a basal diet (CTR) with raw garlic (GAR) or garlic oil (GAO) on blood profile in sheep. Monensin (MON, 33 mg/kg DM) was used as positive control. Four ruminally fistulated rams were used in three experiments each arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 28-day periods. Experiments 1 and 2 differed in the dose of GAR (75 vs. 100 g/kg DM) and GAO (500 vs. 750 mg/kg DM), while experiment 3 was designed to compare the two doses of each additive (GAR and GAO). The animals were fed a basal diet as TMR consisting of 77.83% forage (alfalfa …

Placental development during early pregnancy in sheep: effects of embryo origin on vascularization.

Utero-placental growth and vascular development are critical for pregnancy establishment that may be altered by various factors including assisted reproductive technologies (ART), nutrition, or others, leading to compromised pregnancy. We hypothesized that placental vascularization and expression of angiogenic factors are altered early in pregnancies after transfer of embryos created using selected ART methods. Pregnancies were achieved through natural mating (NAT), or transfer of embryos from NAT (NAT-ET), or IVF or in vitro activation (IVA). Placental tissues were collected on day 22 of preg

Targeted antibiotic treatment of lame sheep with footrot using either oxytetracycline or gamithromycin.

A study on parenteral antibiotic treatment in sheep footrot was conducted on 10 farms in southern Germany to obtain information on the efficacy of gamithromycin under practical use conditions compared with a positive control. On each farm, 20 (10 on one farm) lame sheep were clinically evaluated and divided into two groups. On day 1, sheep were treated once according to group with either long-acting oxytetracycline (OTC) at 20 mg/kg bodyweight or gamithromycin at 6 mg/kg; clinical responses were assessed 21 days later. When compared with day 1, both treatments reduced clinical lameness, as ref…

Pre- and postnatal nutrition in sheep affects β-cell secretion and hypothalamic control.

Maternal undernutrition increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome later in life, particularly upon postnatal exposure to … itions reflecting starvation, stress and short-term abundance of food. In this study, twin-pregnant sheep were fed diets meeting 100% (NORM) or 50% (LOW) of energy and protein requirements during the last trimester. Twin offspring were fed either a normal moderate (CONV) diet or a high-carbohydrate-high-fat (HCHF) diet from 3 days to 6 months of age (ap …

Modeling the transmission dynamics of sheep brucellosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.

Brucellosis is one of the major zoonotic diseases in China, especially in Inner Mongolia where occurs the largest number of human brucellosis cases of Mainland China, which can be attributed to the large number of sheep kept there, since at least 90% of the human brucellosis cases are caused by sheep. Therefore, given the characteristics of the brucellosis infection in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, we propose a dynamic model for the sheep-human transmission of brucellosis, involving sheep population, human population and brucella in the environment. We first determine the basic reproductio…

Intranasal infection with Chlamydia abortus induces dose-dependent latency and abortion in sheep.

BACKGROUND: Latency is a key feature of the animal pathogen Chlamydia abortus, where infection remains inapparent in the non-pregnant animal … ency by mimicking the natural route of infection through the intranasal inoculation of non-pregnant sheep with C. abortus. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Three groups of sheep (groups 1, 2 and 3) were experimentally infected with different doses of C. abortus (5×10(3), 5×10(5) and 5×10(7) inclusion forming units (IFU), respectively) prior to mating an …

Correlates of resistance to gastrointestinal nematode infection in Nigerian West African dwarf sheep.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate correlates of resistance to GI nematode infection in Nigerian West African dwarf (WAD) sheep. METHODS: Thirty three sheep were randomly assigned to two groups, A (n=27) which were used for experimental infections, and B (n=6) which served as uninfected control. Each infected animal received weekly escalating infections with infective larvae (60%Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) and 40%Trichostrongylus colubriformis (T. colubriformis) for 4 weeks. The responses of all the infected and control sheep were assessed by faecal egg count (FEC), worm burden (Wb), packed ce…

[High perinatal mortality associated with triple anthelmintic resistance in a German sheep flock].

High perinatal mortality, low milk yields and occasional ewe deaths were investigated in a Dorper sheep flock in Southern Germany. Parasitic gastroenteritis due to Trichostrongylus spp. associated with severe weight loss despite regular anthelmintic treatments of the flock was identified as the underlying cause. A faecal egg count reduction (FECR) test revealed zero reduction after treatment with ivermectin or albendazole, respectively, and a FECR of 57.9% following treatment with levamisole. These results indicate a lack of, or considerably reduced efficacy of substances from all three classi…

Increased arterial stiffness and extracellular matrix reorganization in intrauterine growth-restricted fetal sheep.

BACKGROUND: Fetal intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) results in increased placental resistance to blood flow, fetal hypertension, and increased pulsatility stresses shown to lead to vascular remodeling. We tested our hypothesis that IUGR causes decreased compliance in the carotid and umbilical arteries due to altered extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and structure. METHODS: A sheep model of placental insufficiency-induced IUGR (PI-IUGR) was created by exposure of the pregnant ewe to elevated ambient temperatures. Umbilical and carotid arteries from near-term fetuses were tested with …

Sex differences in lung gas volumes after lipopolysaccharide-induced chorioamnionitis in fetal sheep.

BACKGROUND: Preterm female infants have a survival advantage and enhanced lung development, which is an important determinant of preterm sur … and in pulmonary and systemic inflammatory response was evident by sex. CONCLUSION: Preterm female sheep fetuses had increased lung gas volumes after exposure to LPS, without any detectable differences in fetal inflammatory responses.

Lipopolysaccharide-induced chorioamnionitis is confined to one amniotic compartment in twin pregnant sheep.

BACKGROUND: Chorioamnionitis is a major risk factor for preterm birth in multifetal pregnancies. However, there is little clinical data whether chorioamnionitis is restricted to one amniotic compartment in multifetal pregnancies. OBJECTIVE: To explore whether chorioamnionitis is confined to the exposed compartment and does not cross to the unaffected fetus in twin pregnancy. METHODS: In twin pregnant sheep, one of the twins was exposed to either 2 or 14 days of intra-amniotic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) while the co-twin was exposed to either 2 or 14 days of intra-amniotic saline (n = 3 for eac…

Worm control practice against gastro-intestinal parasites in Norwegian sheep and goat flocks.

BACKGROUND: Anthelmintic treatment is the most common way of controlling nematode infections in ruminants. However, several countries have r … farming, i.e. the coastal, inland and northern areas. A total of 825 questionnaires, comprising 587 sheep flocks (return rate of 51.3%) and 238 goat flocks (52.6%) were included. RESULTS: The results indicated that visual appraisal of individual weight was the most common means of estimating the anthelmintic dose used in sheep (78.6%) and goat (85.1%) …