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Docetaxel-induced Scleroderma in A Breast Cancer Patient: A Case Report.

Paclitaxel and docetaxel are antineoplastic drugs derived from the yew tree, Taxus brevifolia. They are the members of the taxane family and act by inhibiting mitotic activity due to the suppression of microtubule depolymerization. They are used in the treatment of ovarian cancer, breast cancer, gastric cancer, small cell lung cancer, and head and neck cancer. In addition to side effects such as cardiotoxicity, neutropenia, arthralgia, and myalgia, they may also cause alopecia, urticaria, mucositis, acral erythema, pustular dermatitis, erythema multiforme, and scleroderma-like mucocutaneous le…

Update on cardiac imaging techniques 2013.

Cardiac imaging is a cornerstone of diagnosis in heart conditions, and an essential tool for assessing prognosis and establishing treatment … ting tissue deformation have predictive power in valve disease and in the follow-up of drug-induced cardiotoxicity. Single-photon emission computed tomography and positron emission tomography are proving useful in ischemic heart disease and in the diagnosis of cardiac inflammation and infections. The role of computed tomography has been strengthened in noninvasi …

[Clozapine--the neglected potential].

Clozapine has been in use since 1975. It was withdrawn due to its toxic effects on granulocytes. It was reintroduced due to its positive effect on schizophrenia in patients who did not respond to two antipsychotic drugs. These patients suffer from a chronic debilitating disease, with numerous and sometimes chronic hospitalizations. Clozapine also has antiaggression and antisuicide effects, as well as specific effects on the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. There are severe side effects that may appear. These include suppression of granulocytes, cardiotoxic effect on the myocard, as well as

A critical evaluation of the cardiac toxicity of citalopram: part 2.

In August 2011, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued a drug safety communication that the antidepressant drug citalopram (Celexa®) should not be used at dosages greater than 40 mg per day (or greater than 20 mg per day for patients 60 and older) because higher doses have been associated with abnormal heart rhythms. Clinical studies using citalopram in patients with cardiac disease and in older patients do not confirm such a risk. The major metabolite of citalopram is demethylcitalopram, which is subsequently metabolized to the minor metabolite didemethylcitalopram (DDCT). High DDCT con

Carvedilol-Afforded Protection against Daunorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathic Rats In Vivo: Effects on Cardiac Fibrosis and Hypertrophy.

Anthracyclines, most powerful anticancer agents, suffer from their cardiotoxic effects, which may be due to the induction of oxidative stress. Carvedilol, a third-generation, nonselective β-adrenoreceptor antagonist, possesses both reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and ROS suppressive effects. It showed protective effects against daunorubicin- (DNR-) induced cardiac toxicity by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. This study therefore was designed to examine the effects of carvedilol on DNR-induced cardiomyopathic rats, focused on the changes of left ventricular function, cardiac fi

Serum troponin in neonatal intensive care.

Cardiac troponins have a major role in screening and diagnosis of myocardial ischaemia in adults and children. Their introduction has redefined the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in adults and provided valuable prognostic information. In the paediatric population, troponins show a good correlation with the extent of myocardial damage following cardiac surgery and cardiotoxic medication, and can be used as predictors of subsequent cardiac recovery and mortality. This review discusses the current established reference values in term and preterm infants and demonstrates their potential use in

The systemic safety of fexofenadine HCl.

Fexofenadine is a highly specific, H1-receptor antagonist with a safety profile similar to placebo. In placebo-controlled trials of seasonal … clinically significant drug interactions have been identified. Fexofenadine is not associated with cardiotoxicity. Unlike some other antihistamines, such as loratidine or cetirizine [1, 2], fexofenadine is truly non-sedating, showing no dose-related increase in sedation, even at high doses [3, 4]. Fexofenadine is formulated and marketed as the hydrochloride sal …

Chairman's overview. The place of reboxetine in antidepressant therapy.

A comprehensive series of clinical trials have compared the unique selective NRI reboxetine with placebo and with the TCAs imipramine and desipramine, as well as with the SSRI fluoxetine. Reboxetine is clearly effective in both the short and the long term compared with placebo. Against comparator antidepressants, reboxetine is at least as effective in the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder in the adult and the elderly population and offers a significant advantage over imipramine in the treatment of melancholic patients. In severely depressed patients, reboxetine was significa

Amelioration of doxorubicin resistance by pentoxifylline in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells in vitro.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anticancer agent, the use of which is limited by its cumulative dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a non-toxic methylxanthine used clinically for the treatment of intermittent claudication. It is an active haemorheological agent, used for the treatment of defective microcirculation. In the present study, we employed PTX as a drug response modulator in combination with DOX to achieve increased cytotoxicity in human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. Inhibition of 3H-TdR incorporation was used as a measure of cytotoxicity. PTX at 100 microM co…

Effects of carbon disulfide on cardiovascular function after acute and subacute exposure of rats.

Epidemiologic studies provided evidence that increased heart disease mortality after carbon disulfide exposure is not only related to carbon disulfide-caused coronary sclerosis but they suggest that there would be reversible, direct cardiotoxic effects. In order to investigate such direct toxic effects of carbon disulfide on the cardiovascular system, in this study carbon disulfide was administered acutely and subacutely to rats. Blood pressure and heart rate in normotensive conscious unrestrained rats were not markedly influenced by both acute and subacute carbon disulfide administration. Dep

The use of brain digoxin concentrations to confirm blood digoxin concentrations.

Recent research suggests that the cardiotoxic as well as the neurotoxic effects of digitalis may be mediated by the central nervous system. Therefore brain regions implicated in the genesis of cardiac rhythm disorders were assayed for digoxin. An 125I-labeled radioimmunoassay was used to determine blood and tissue digoxin concentrations. Digoxin was found in the optic tract and optic chiasm in each of four persons who had been taking digoxin regularly. Digoxin is apparently concentrated from blood by the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle but not by the choroid plexus of the lateral ventri

Protective actions of aprotinin in acute traumatic shock.

The effect of the protease inhibitor, aprotinin, was examined in rats during traumatic shock. In sham-operated control rats, intravenous administration of aprotinin (20,000 or 40,000 KIU/kg) showed no immediate changes in the mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate. In rats subjected to Noble-Collip drum trauma, aprotinin at a dose of 20,000 KIU/kg prolonged survival time to 2.1 +/- 0.3 hr (p less than 0.05) and 40,000 KIU/kg prolonged the survival time of rats to a greater extent (3.1 +/- 0.4 hr, p less than 0.001) compared to rats given only its vehicle (1.1 +/- 0.2 hr, mean +/- SE). The

Cardiac changes during 2-deoxy-d-glucose test. A study in patients with selective vagotomy and pyloroplasty.

2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), a potent vagal stimulator, is used for testing the completeness of surgical vagotomies. 2-DG has however not yet been employed routinely for the postoperative testing of bagotomized patients because of possible cardiotoxic effects. In a previous study, we have shown the effects of 2-DG on the resting ECG in 48 patients. We did not observe any significant changes besides nonspecific T wave flattening and QT prolongation. The present investigation included 37 additional patients. In 27 patients, a continuous ECG tape recording for detection of arrhythmias was performed

What about the heart - pediatric ALL survivors show cardiopulmonary limitations in the MinimALL Study.

UNLABELLED: Childhood survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and Hodgkin disease (HD) are at risk of long-term cardiopulmonary impa … vors of ALL and HD are at risk of long-term cardiopulmonary impairments due to chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity and reduced physical activity. • CPET and echocardiography, including strain imaging, are valuable tools for assessing cardiac function and exercise capacity in this population. WHAT IS NEW: • Early diastolic dysfunction detected: despite normal EF …

Chitosan nanoparticle toxicity: A comprehensive literature review of in vivo and in vitro assessments for medical applications.

TOPIC DEFINITION: This literature review aims to update the current knowledge on toxicity of chitosan nanoparticles, compare the recent find … tly having the lowest toxicity, while the brain, intestine, muscles and lung showing mixed results. Cardiotoxicity induced by chitosan nanoparticles was not observed in zebrafish embryos, and nanoparticles may reduce cardiotoxicity when delivering drug. Toxicity found in an organ may not necessarily mean that it is toxic towards all the cells found in that organ …

Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin, Docetaxel, and Trastuzumab as Neoadjuvant Treatment for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients: A Phase II and Biomarker Study.

BACKGROUND: Combined neoadjuvant chemotherapy with trastuzumab and pertuzumab is the standard regimen for human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC). However, pertuzumab is not available because it is not on the market or covered by medicare in some regions or poor economy. Anthracyclines and taxanes are cornerstones in BC chemotherapy, and their combination contributes to satisfactory efficiency in neoadjuvant settings. Nonetheless, concomitant administration of trastuzumab and an anthracycline is generally avoided clinically due to cardiotoxicity. Pegylated liposoma…

The role of cardio-protective agents in cardio-preservation in breast cancer patients receiving Anthracyclines ± Trastuzumab: a Meta-analysis of clinical studies.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer patients often receive cardiotoxic drugs such as anthracyclines (ANT) and Trastuzumab. Numerous trials have tested … ents who undergo ANT ± Trastuzumab. More studies are required to better assess the magnitude of the cardiotoxicity hazards of ANT ± Trastuzumab, with more precise assessment of the effect of ACEi/ARB/BB on cardio-protection.

Major cardiac events for adult survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed between 1970 and 1999: report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of modifications to contemporary cancer protocols, which minimize exposures to cardiotoxic treatments and preserve long term health, on serious cardiac outcomes among adult survivors of childhood cancer. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: 27 institutions participating in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. PARTICIPANTS: 23 462 five year survivors (6193 (26.4%) treated in the 1970s, 9363 (39.9%) treated in the 1980s, and 7906 (33.6%) treated in the 1990s) of leukemia, brain cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, renal tumors, neuroblas

Weekly doxorubicin versus doxorubicin every 3 weeks in cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer.

A prospective randomized study was done to determine the effect of different doxorubicin (Adriamycin [ADR], Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH … hat weekly ADR can achieve the same therapeutic results as the standard triweekly regimen with less cardiotoxicity, myelotoxicity, alopecia, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting in patients with NSCLC.

Guarding the heart in the era of immunotherapies: insights for cardio-oncology practice.

The advent of cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) cell therapies, and bispecific antibodies and other immune-activating platforms such as therapeutic vaccines and oncolytic viruses (often used in combination regimens) has revolutionized oncology by improving patient outcomes across diverse malignancies. However, these therapies are increasingly linked to cardiovascular toxicities such as myocarditis, arrhythmias, and heart failure, posing significant clinical challenges. Here we review current evidence on the mechanisms, clini

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… TABLE 1 Comparative clinical and mechanistic profiles of major cardiotoxicities. … cardiotoxicity profile. …