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RNA N 6-Methyladenosine in Cancer Metastasis: Roles, Mechanisms, and Applications.

Cancer metastasis is a symptom of adverse prognosis, a prime origin of therapy failure, and a lethal challenge for cancer patients. N 6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevailing modification in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) of higher eukaryotes, has attracted increasing attention. Growing studies have verified the pivotal roles of m6A methylation in controlling mRNAs and ncRNAs in diverse physiological processes. Remarkably, recent findings have showed that aberrant methylation of m6A-related RNAs could influence cancer metastasis. In this review, we illuminate how m6A m

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… Taurine Up-Regulated Gene 1 Functions as a Master Regulator to Coordinate Glycolysis and Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma . Hepatology ( 2018 ) 67 ( 1 ): 188 – 203 . 10.1002/hep.29462 28802060 82 Liu F Ma F Wang Y Hao L Zeng H Jia C . …

Current Trends and Challenges in the Clinical Translation of Nanoparticulate Nanomedicines: Pathways for Translational Development and Commercialization.

The use of nanotechnology in medicine has the potential to have a major impact on human health for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. One particular aspect of the nanomedicine field which has received a great deal of attention is the design and development of nanoparticulate nanomedicines (NNMs) for drug delivery (i.e., drug-containing nanoparticles). NNMs are intended to deliver drugs via various mechanisms: solubilization, passive targeting, active targeting, and triggered release. The NNM approach aims to increase therapeutic efficacy, decrease the therapeutically effecti

Effects of Obesity and Calorie Restriction on Cancer Development.

The risk of malignant tumor development is increasing in the world. Obesity is an established risk factor for various malignancies. There are many metabolic alterations associated with obesity which promote cancerogenesis. Excessive body weight leads to increased levels of estrogens, chronic inflammation and hypoxia, which can play an important role in the development of malignancies. It is proved that calorie restriction can improve the state of patients with various diseases. Decreased calorie uptake influences lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism, hormone levels and cell processes. Ma

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… The decreased metabolites consisted mainly of amino acids or related metabolites, including ornithine, citrulline and taurine. The level of the pro-aging amino-acid methionine was also depleted. Fasting led to an increase in the beta-hydroxybutyrate levels. …

Updates in Anthracycline-Mediated Cardiotoxicity.

Cardiotoxicity is one of the main adverse effects of chemotheraphy, affecting the completion of cancer therapies and the short- and long-term quality of life. Anthracyclines are currently used to treat many cancers, including the various forms of leukemia, lymphoma, melanoma, uterine, breast, and gastric cancers. World Health Organization registered anthracyclines in the list of essential medicines. However, anthracyclines display a major cardiotoxicity that can ultimately culminate in congestive heart failure. Taking into account the growing rate of cancer survivorship, the clinical significa

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… DOX up-regulates the expression of E3 ligase and other proteases to promote UPS-mediated degradation of structural proteins (myofibrillar proteins), survival factors (anti-apoptotic Bcl2 protein), transcriptional cofactor p300, nuclear factors of activated T-cells, NFAT-5 and its target gene taurine …

Микроаэробный маленький белок от теплового шока способствует ризобию лимуминозараму/Писуму симбиозу и взаимодействует с широким диапазоном бактерироидных белков.

Во время создания симбиоза с бобовыми растениями ризобия подвергается воздействию враждебной физической и химической микроокружающей среды, к которой требуется адаптация. Протеины реакции на стресс, включая небольшие белки от теплового удара (SHSP), ранее, как было установлено, дифференцировались в бактерироидах, индуцируемых ризобием лимуминозарум бv. viciae UPM791 в различных хост-узлах. В ходе этой работы мы провели функциональный анализ зависящих от принимающей стороны SHSP RLV_1399. Рlv_1399- Исключенный штамм мутантов был нарушен в симбиотических свойствах гороха, но не чечевиц. Выражени

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… r , Kan r | Invitrogen pBlueScript-II KS+ | PCR product cloning vector; Amp r | Stratagene pK18 mob | Integrative vector pUC18 derivative; lacZ mob, Kan r | ( 50 ) pK18mob.1399 | pK18 mob containing a 322 bp region internal to rlv_1399 gene, Kan r | This work pLMB51 | gusA reporter gene vector with taurine-dependent …

The Link Between the Gut Microbiome and Bone Metastasis.

The gut microbiome is essential for regulating host metabolism, defending against pathogens, and shaping the host's immune system. Mounting evidence highlights that disruption in gut microbial communities significantly impacts cancer development and treatment. Moreover, tumor-associated microbiota, along with its metabolites and toxins, may contribute to cancer progression by promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and metastatic spread to distant organs. Bones, in particular, are common sites for metastasis due to a rich supply of growth and neovascularization factors an

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… The detailed results revealed higher activity of biological processes, including secondary metabolite biosynthesis, transport and catabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, taurine/hypotaurine metabolism, and sulfur metabolism. …

Bright Spots in The Darkness of Cancer: A Review of Starfishes-Derived Compounds and Their Anti-Tumor Action.

The fight against cancer represents a great challenge for researchers and, for this reason, the search for new promising drugs to improve cancer treatments has become inevitable. Oceans, due to their wide diversity of marine species and environmental conditions have proven to be precious sources of potential natural drugs with active properties. As an example, in this context several studies performed on sponges, tunicates, mollusks, and soft corals have brought evidence of the interesting biological activities of the molecules derived from these species. Also, echinoderms constitute an import

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… Taurine 10. Volume 975. Springer; Dordrecht, The Netherlands: 2017. pp. 1141–1152. 49. Inventaire National du Patrimoine Naturel (INPN) [(accessed on 28 August 2019)]; Available online: https://inpn.mnhn.fr/espece/cd_nom/529966 . 50. …

Prevention and management of adverse events of novel agents in multiple myeloma: a consensus of the European Myeloma Network.

During the last few years, several new drugs have been introduced for treatment of patients with multiple myeloma, which have significantly improved the treatment outcome. All of these novel substances differ at least in part in their mode of action from similar drugs of the same drug class, or are representatives of new drug classes, and as such present with very specific side effect profiles. In this review, we summarize these adverse events, provide information on their prevention, and give practical guidance for monitoring of patients and for management of adverse events.

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… The diagnosis can be established by non-invasive selenium homocholic acid taurine (SeHCAT) scanning or is supported when treatment with bile acid binders such as colesevelam results in improvement of symptoms [ 79 ]. …

Emerging therapies for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with a focus on cAMP signaling.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), with an estimated genetic prevalence between 1:400 and 1:1,000 individuals, is the third most common cause of end stage kidney disease after diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Over the last 3 decades there has been great progress in understanding its pathogenesis. This allows the stratification of therapeutic targets into four levels, gene mutation and polycystin disruption, proximal mechanisms directly caused by disruption of polycystin function, downstream regulatory and signaling pathways, and non-specific pathophysiologic processes sha

Natural Products as Anticancer Agents: Current Status and Future Perspectives.

Natural products have been an invaluable and useful source of anticancer agents over the years. Several compounds have been synthesized from natural products by modifying their structures or by using naturally occurring compounds as building blocks in the synthesis of these compounds for various purposes in different fields, such as biology, medicine, and engineering. Multiple modern and costly treatments have been applied to combat cancer and limit its lethality, but the results are not significantly refreshing. Natural products, which are a significant source of new therapeutic drugs, are cu

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… Similarly, taurine, an important amino acid present in different tissues of the body, has been proven to have antitumor effects in breast, lung, liver, colon, and prostate cancer by suppressing proliferation, invasion, and metastasis and inducing apoptosis [ 194 ]. …

Expert opinion on screening, diagnosis and management of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a multidisciplinary approach.

The proposed expert opinion aimed to address the current knowledge on conceptual, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and to provide a guidance document to assist clinicians for the best practice in DPN care. The participating experts consider the suspicion of the disease by clinicians as a key factor in early recognition and diagnosis, emphasizing an improved awareness of the disease by the first-admission or referring physicians. The proposed "screening and diagnostic" algorithm involves the consideration of DPN in a patient with prediabetes or diabetes

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… epalrestat, zenarestat) acting on polyol pathway, PKC inhibitors (ruboxiastaurin), benfotiamine acting on hexosamine pathway, agents acting on AGE pathway (minocycline, aminoguanidine), actovegin acting as PARP inhibitor and ROS inhibitors (alpha-lipoic acid, coenzyme Q10, nicotinamide, resveratrol, taurine …

Global first-in-class drugs approved in 2023-2024: Breakthroughs and insights.

First-in-class (FIC) drugs are considered the main drivers of new drug discovery and have novel targets and mechanisms. The proportion of FIC drugs among new drugs provides fundamental guidance for both academic and pharmaceutical research. From a global perspective, 81 FIC drugs were approved in 2023 and 2024. Among them, small-molecule drugs account for a greater percentage (51.9%), illustrating the discovery of new chemical entities. Macromolecule drugs (48.1%), which mainly consist of antibody analogs, represent a growing trend as new biotechnology techniques have emerged. In terms of FIC

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… The active ingredient of the drug, taurolidine, is a derivative of the amino acid taurine and can be used to treat catheter-related bloodstream infections as a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent that prevents the integrity of microbial cell walls 46 and adhesion to mammalian cells. 47 , 48 Imetelstat …

Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Cardio-Oncology: Antineoplastic Drug Cardiotoxicity and Beyond.

Serum biomarkers represent a reproducible, sensitive, minimally invasive and inexpensive method to explore possible adverse cardiovascular effects of antineoplastic treatments. They are useful tools in risk stratification, the early detection of cardiotoxicity and the follow-up and prognostic assessment of cancer patients. In this literature review, we aim at describing the current state of knowledge on the meaning and the usefulness of cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with cancer; analyzing the intricate relationship between cancer and cardiovascular disease (especially HF) and how this

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… Jensen et al. demonstrated significant decreases in docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid/eicosatetraenoic acid, o-phosphocolamine and 6-hydroxynicotinic acid in the hearts of mice treated with sunitinib [ 143 ], along with alterations in taurine/hypotaurine metabolism, after sorafenib treatment [ 144 …

Ligand-Gated Ion Channels as Targets for Treatment and Management of Cancers.

Ligand-gated ion channels are an ionotropic receptor subtype characterized by the binding of an extracellular ligand, followed by the transient passage of ions through a transmembrane pore. Ligand-gated ion channels are commonly subcategorized into three superfamilies: purinoreceptors, glutamate receptors, and Cys-loop receptors. This classification is based on the differing topographical morphology of the receptors, which in turn confers functional differences. Ligand-gated ion channels have a diverse spatial and temporal expression which implicate them in key cellular processes. Given that t

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… ; (+)-Tubocurarine chloride; Benzoquinonium dibromide 5-HT 3 | Serotonin | Na + , K + | Lisuride maleate; Serotonin hydrochloride | Ondasentron; Zacropide hydrochloride; Mirtazapine GABA A | GABA | Cl – , HCO 3 – | Benzodiazepines | (+)-Bicuculline; Picrotoxin; Furosemide Glycine | Glycine | Cl – | Taurine …

Centralizing the Knowledge and Interpretation of Pain in Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: A Paradigm Shift towards Brain-Centric Approaches.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a side effect of cancer treatment, often linked with pain complaints. Patients report mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity that may emerge during chemotherapy treatment and may persist after cancer remission. Whereas the latter situation disturbs the quality of life, life itself may be endangered by the appearance of CIPN during cancer treatment. The causes of CIPN have almost entirely been ascribed to the neurotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs in the peripheral nervous system. However, the central consequences of peripheral neuropathy a

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… males) | Paclitaxel | Altered connections to the PAG | [ 94 ] MEMRI | Rats (males) | Paclitaxel | ↑ activation of hypothalamus and PAG | [ 80 ] Ex vivo spectroscopy | Rats (males) | Paclitaxel | Early CIPN: ↑ NAA levels in PFC ↑ NAA and lactate levels in hypothalamus Late CIPN: ↓ NAA levels in PFC ↑ taurine …

Repositioning of drugs for Parkinson's disease and pharmaceutical nanotechnology tools for their optimization.

Parkinson's disease (PD) significantly affects patients' quality of life and represents a high economic burden for health systems. Given the lack of safe and effective treatments for PD, drug repositioning seeks to offer new medication alternatives, reducing research time and costs compared to the traditional drug development strategy. This review aimed to collect evidence of drugs proposed as candidates to be reused in PD and identify those with the potential to be reformulated into nanocarriers to optimize future repositioning trials. We conducted a detailed search in PubMed, Web of Science,

Microbiota-derived metabolites as modulators of cancer immunotherapy response.

The microbiome is a key regulator of host homeostasis and immune activity, in part through the production of metabolites. These microbiota-derived metabolites can modulate both the innate and adaptive immune system, as well as directly target tumour cells, thereby regulating anti-tumour immunity and response to immunotherapy. Here, we describe the current mechanistic knowledge on how these metabolites exert their effects and outline the methodologies used to detect and assess these metabolites. Finally, we summarize microbiota-targeted therapies capable of improving microbial functionality to

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… These primary bile acids, such as cholic acid, are synthesised in the liver from cholesterol through the action of enzymes including cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase and further conjugated with glycine or taurine 112 . …

MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in pancreatic cancer: From epigenetics to potential clinical applications.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are two relevant classes of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play a pivotal role in a number of molecular processes through different epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of gene expression. As a matter of fact, the altered expression of these types of RNAs leads to the development and progression of a varied range of multifactorial human diseases. Several recent reports elucidated that miRNA and lncRNAs have been implicated in pancreatic cancer (PC). For instance, dysregulation of such ncRNAs has been found to be associated with chemoresistance,

Circulating biomarkers in osteosarcoma: new translational tools for diagnosis and treatment.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare primary malignant bone tumour arising from primitive bone-forming mesenchymal cells, with high incidence in children and young adults, accounting for approximately 60% of all malignant bone tumours. Currently, long-term disease-free survival can be achieved by surgical treatment plus chemotherapy in approximately 60% of patients with localized extremity disease, and in 20-30% of patients with metastatic lung or bone disease. Diagnosis of primary lesions and recurrences is achieved by using radiological investigations and standard tissue biopsy, the latter being cost

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… Taurine up-regulated gene 1 (TUG1) is a potential oncogenic lncRNA that has been shown to support OS cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis. …

Neurotransmitters in cancer: how receptor signaling and posttranslational modifications modulate tumor progression and offer new therapeutic targets.

Recent studies highlight the multifaceted roles of neurotransmitters in tumor immunomodulation, offering novel avenues for increasing therapeutic efficacy. These signaling molecules are classified into cholinergic agents, monoamines, amino acids, and peptides and regulate tumorigenesis, metastasis, and immune evasion via autocrine/paracrine pathways and receptor-mediated interactions. Notably, neurotransmitters influence tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and immune cell activity by modulating intracellular signaling cascades through posttranslational modifications (serotonylation and dopami

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… histamine, among others; (2) cholinergic neurotransmitters, with acetylcholine (ACh) as the principal example; (3) amino acids, encompassing excitatory neurotransmitters such as glutamic acid and aspartic acid, as well as inhibitory neurotransmitters such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and taurine …