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Effects of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on messenger RNA expression of caveolin-1, NOS, and genes regulating oxidative stress in the terminal ileum of formula-fed neonatal rats.

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) afflicts extremely low birth weight neonates, and probiotics reduces its incidence and severity. NO is involved in the pathogenesis of NEC, and caveolin-1 regulates NO signaling. We tested the hypothesis that intestinal caveolin-1 and NOS are deficient in formula-fed neonatal rats and that supplementation with "Florastar Kids" and/or galacto-oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides preserves caveolin-1 and NOS. At birth (P0), neonatal rat pups were maternally fed or hand-gavaged with or without supplemented formula. Samples from the terminal ileum were analy

[Prevalence and determinants of continued breastfeeding beyond 6 months among Algerian women. Evidence for Multiple Indicators Cluster Surveys].

BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE: Breastfeeding is considered the best nutrition for infants and plays a significant role in a child's growth and de … not breastfed during their first hours of life or are weaned too early. This allows for the use of infant formula, which can be life threatening due to poor hygiene, storage conditions or inappropriate foods. Likewise, breastfeeding rates in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are lower than the global average. In Algeria, the breastfeeding rate up t …

Comparative Evaluation of Longevity of Fluoride Release from Three Different Fluoride Varnishes: An Observational Study.

INTRODUCTION: The cycles of demineralization and remineralization result in a dynamic process of caries development. Caries are prevented by the shift in the balance from demineralization to remineralization at the tooth-oral fluid interface with the help of salivary fluoride levels (in parts per million). The advantages of fluoride varnish application over other substitutes like dentifrices, mouthrinses, gels, or foams are that varnishes are well tolerated by infants, young children, or children with special healthcare needs and have prolonged therapeutic effects. This study was formulated to

Global estimates of tuberculosis incidence during pregnancy and postpartum: a rapid review and modelling analysis.

BACKGROUND: Despite known maternal, perinatal, and infant health risks of tuberculosis during pregnancy, global estimates of incidence remain scarce. Existing estimates are outdated, and do not include the postpartum period, HIV co-infection, age, or specific changes in risk, limiting our understanding of the true scale of disease in this understudied population. METHODS: In this rapid review and modelling analysis, we estimated the global tuberculosis incidence in pregnant and postpartum women using a population-based modelling approach. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE, with no date or langua

[Comprehensive study of mare's and cow's milk proteins and their hydrolysates in children with allergy to cow's milk proteins].

UNLABELLED: The use of innovative protein ingredients produced by biotechnological methods requires a comprehensive assessment of their allergenic potential for the child's body. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical significance and safety profile of hydrolysates of cow's and mare's milk proteins and lactoferrin (LF) for children with cow's milk protein (CMP) allergy. This was based on the investigation of the ability of these products to bind specific IgE, allowing for an assessment of the risks associated with their use, including potential cross-reactivity with mare's milk prot

Where to find omega-3 fatty acids and how feeding animals with diet enriched in omega-3 fatty acids to increase nutritional value of derived products for human: what is actually useful ?

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have two major field of interest. The first lies in their quantitative abundance and their role in the development and maintenance of the brain. The second is their role in the prevention of different pathologies, mainly the cardiovascular diseases, and more lately some psychiatric disorders, from stress to depression and dementia. Thus, dietary omega-3 fatty acids are very important to ensure brain structure and function, more specifically during development and aging. However, concerning essential alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), most occidental diets contain a

Roles of unsaturated fatty acids (especially omega-3 fatty acids) in the brain at various ages and during ageing.

Among various organs, in the brain, the fatty acids most extensively studied are omega-3 fatty acids. Alpha-linolenic acid (18:3omega3) deficiency alters the structure and function of membranes and induces minor cerebral dysfunctions, as demonstrated in animal models and subsequently in human infants. Even though the brain is materially an organ like any other, that is to say elaborated from substances present in the diet (sometimes exclusively), for long it was not accepted that food can have an influence on brain structure, and thus on its function. Lipids, and especially omega-3 fatty acids

Dose-response relationships in aluminium toxicity in humans.

INTRODUCTION: Aluminium exposure is associated with bone disease (an elevated bone content of aluminium and reduced bone formation on bone b … 10 cases; oral aluminium hydroxide (20 months) in 20 cases; plasma exchange (2 months) in 16 cases; infant formula feed (minimal duration of 2 weeks) in 14 cases; intravesical exposures (2 days) in 13 oncology patients and potable water exposure in six cases. EXPOSURE TO DIALYSIS FLUID: Of the 110 patients exposed to dialysis fluid, 99 were adults and 11 childr …

Diagnosis of very long chain acyl-dehydrogenase deficiency from an infant's newborn screening card.

Very long chain fatty acid dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency is a rare but treatable cause of cardiomyopathy, fatty liver, skeletal myopathy, pericardial effusions, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden death. Unrecognized, VLCAD deficiency may be rapidly progressive and fatal, secondary to its cardiac involvement. Because early diagnosis improves outcome, we present a neonate with VLCAD deficiency in whom retrospective analysis of the newborn screening card revealed that a correct diagnosis could have been made by newborn screening using tandem mass spectrometry. Our patient demonstrated a class

[Value assignment technology for 1，3-oleic-2-palmitic triglyceride purity reference material].

1，3-Oleic-2-palmitic triglyceride （OPO） has received widespread attention as a nutritional fortifier allowed to be added to infant formulas， and there is an urgent need to develop high-purity certified reference material （CRM） to meet the metrological traceability requirements of relevant tests. Value assignment methods for pure materials are a key technical challenge in the development of high-purity CRMs. The commonly used mass balance （MB） method indirectly determines the purity of the material by subtracting impurities， which involves the accurate quantification of structurally similar imp…

The potential role of NaFeEDTA as an iron fortificant.

Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a hexadentate chelator, which can combine with virtually every metal in the periodic table. CaNa2EDTA and Na2EDTA (ADI 2.5 mg EDTA/kg body weight/day) are widely used as sequestering agents in canned products, while NaFeEDTA is a promising iron fortificant. Binding of EDTA with iron is favored in the acid milieu of the stomach, irrespective of whether the EDTA is administered as CaNa2EDTA, Na2EDTA, or NaFeEDTA, but in the more alkaline medium of the duodenum the iron is exchanged, in part, with other metals. The iron released from EDTA is absorbed by

Health and Socioeconomic Factors in School Readiness and Achievement Among Children Born Very Preterm.

IMPORTANCE: Preterm birth is a leading cause of atypical brain development and cognitive impairment; however, there are sparse data on its association with statutory educational assessments. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate school readiness at age 5 years and educational attainment at age 6 to 7 years in children born very preterm and to identify the early-life, neonatal, and socioeconomic factors associated with attainment. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study included all infants born before gestational age (GA) 32 weeks in England who received care in a neonatal unit a

Lipocalin 2-not only a biomarker: a study of current literature and systematic findings of ongoing clinical trials.

Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), also known as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, is an innate immune protein encoded by the LCN2 gene. In this study, we investigated various roles and functions of Lcn2 characterized in a systems-based format and evaluated its therapeutic potentials and clinical relevance for diagnosis and prognosis. An additional systematic presentation was presented for 70 ongoing clinical trials utilizing Lcn2 in the diagnostic and prognostic setting as a key outcome measure. With trials being conducted through December 2030, Lcn2 will become all the more relevant given its ass

A Case Study of a Rare Disease (Fructosemia) Diagnosed in a Patient with Abdominal Pain.

Hereditary fructose intolerance is a rare genetic disorder that is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, with mutations sometimes occurring spontaneously. Consuming fructose triggers biochemical abnormalities, disrupting liver processes like glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Recent studies have revealed elevated intrahepatic fat levels in affected individuals. Symptoms include aversion to fructose-containing foods, hypoglycemia, liver and kidney dysfunction, and growth delays, with severe cases leading to liver enlargement, fatty liver disease, kidney failure, and life-threatening hypo

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… This may occur either directly or indirectly through sucrose or sorbitol, substances which are commonly found in infant formulas. Therefore, unequivocal management cannot be easily determined. … This is illustrated by the example of Li et al. [ 29 ]., who described four cases of acute liver failure in newborns and infants associated with multi-organ failure caused by common infant formula containing sucrose in patients with undiagnosed HFI. …

Оценка отношения к грудному вскармливанию и эффективности работы медицинских работников и женщин с множественным склерозом: Two Межсекторальные обследования.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Цель этого исследования заключалась в том, чтобы описать отношение к грудному вскармливанию со стороны медицинских работников, а также отношение к грудному вскармливанию и самоэффективность у женщин с множественным склерозом (МС), которые в настоящее время или ранее кормили грудью. МЕТОДЫ: Two Межсекторальные обследования были направлены в электронном виде медицинским работникам в одном центре для выявления отношения к грудному вскармливанию у женщин с использованием шкалы отношения к грудному вскармливанию в Айове (ИФАС) и женщин с МЗ, которые в настоящее время или ранее кормили гру

Prediction of parasitological cure in children infected with Trypanosoma cruzi using a novel multiplex serological approach: an observational, retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Assessment of therapeutic response with standard serological diagnostic assays in patients with chronic Chagas disease is a major challenge due to the long persistence of parasite-specific antibodies. The current consensus for parasitological cure is to monitor conversion from positive to negative Trypanosoma cruzi serology (seroreversion). However, because of robust humoral immune response, seroreversion by standard serological tests can take years to decades. Developing novel tests of parasitological cure or surrogates is thus a priority in the Chagas disease field. We aimed to e

Fetal growth restriction and intra-uterine growth restriction: guidelines for clinical practice from the French College of Gynaecologists and Obstetricians.

Small for gestational age (SGA) is defined by weight (in utero estimated fetal weight or birth weight) below the 10th percentile (professional consensus). Severe SGA is SGA below the third percentile (professional consensus). Fetal growth restriction (FGR) or intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) usually correspond with SGA associated with evidence indicating abnormal growth (with or without abnormal uterine and/or umbilical Doppler): arrest of growth or a shift in its rate measured longitudinally (at least two measurements, 3 weeks apart) (professional consensus). More rarely, they may corr

Vitamin D Supplementation Guidelines for General Population and Groups at Risk of Vitamin D Deficiency in Poland-Recommendations of the Polish Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes and the Expert Panel With Participation of National Specialist Consultants and Representatives of Scientific Societies-2018 Update.

IntroductionVitamin D deficiency is an important public health problem worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency confers a significant risk for both skeletal and non-skeletal disorders and a number of lifelong negative health outcomes. The objectives of this evidence-based guidelines document are to provide health care professionals in Poland, an updated recommendation for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency.MethodsA systematic literature search examining the prevention and treatment strategies for vitamin D deficiency was conducted. Updated recommendations were developed usi

Brazilian Nutritional Consensus in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: children and adolescents.

The Brazilian Nutritional Consensus in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Children and Adolescents was developed by dietitians, physicians, and pediatric hematologists from 10 Brazilian reference centers in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The aim was to emphasize the importance of nutritional status and body composition during treatment, as well as the main characteristics related to patient´s nutritional assessment. This consensus is intended to improve and standardize nutrition therapy during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The consensus was approved by the Brazilian

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… São Paulo: Atheneu; 2014. p. 21-6. ( 24 ) Meal | Age (months) 6-7 | 7-8 | 8-10 | 12 Breakfast | Breast milk | Breast milk | Breast milk | Breast milk or infant formula Bread or biscuit Break | Pureed fruit | Pureed fruit | Pureed fruit | Pureed fruit Lunch | Breast milk | Food puree | Food puree | Food …

NTP toxicity report of reproductive dose range-finding study of Genistein (CAS No. 446-72-0) administered in feed to Sprague-Dawley rats.

Genistein is a naturally occurring isoflavone that interacts with estrogen receptors and multiple other molecular targets. Human exposure to genistein is predominantly through consumption of soy products, including soy-based infant formula and dietary supplements. A series of short-term studies with genistein was conducted with two goals: 1) to obtain data necessary to establish dose levels for subsequent multigeneration reproductive and chronic toxicity studies and 2) to evaluate the effects of genistein on endpoints outside the reproductive tract. The data generated from these studies have b…