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HMMR in human cancers: regulatory mechanism and biological function.

Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR), also referred to as RHAMM or CD168, has gained recognition as a multifunctional protein that mediates the transmission of extracellular matrix-derived hyaluronan (HA) signals to intracellular pathways regulating tumor growth, migration, and mitosis. Overexpression of HMMR is observed in various cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, breast cancer, lung cancer, and prostate cancer, as well as several hematologic malignancies. This elevated expression correlates with poor prognosis, rendering it a valuable marker for survival predi

Bisphosphonate-Based Conjugates and Derivatives as Potential Therapeutic Agents in Osteoporosis, Bone Cancer and Metastatic Bone Cancer.

Metastatic bone cancer occurs in every type of cancer but is prevalent in lung, breast, and prostate cancers. These metastases can cause extensive morbidity, including a range of skeletal-related events, often painful and linked with substantial hospital resource usage. The treatment used is a combination of chemotherapy and surgery. However, anticancer drugs are still limited due to severe side effects, drug resistance, poor blood supply, and non-specific drug uptake, necessitating high toxic doses. Bisphosphonates are the main class of drugs utilized to inhibit metastatic bone cancer. It is

The Multifaceted Role of Annexin A1 in Colorectal Cancer: From Molecular Mechanisms to Predictive and Prognostic Implications.

Annexin A1 (ANXA1), a calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein, is considered a key modulator of cancer biology. Numerous pieces of evidence support its multifaceted involvement in tumor progression, metastatic dissemination, immune escape, and resistance to therapy in various malignancies, such as melanoma, along with liver, lung, and digestive tract tumors, including stomach and colorectal cancer (CRC). Although colon and rectal cancer (RC) exhibit overlapping characteristics, they are classified as separate clinical entities due to differences in tumor biology and therapy approaches.

Neurobiology of Cancer: Introduction of New Drugs in the Treatment and Prevention of Cancer.

Research on the neurobiology of cancer, which lies at the border of neuroscience and oncology, has elucidated the mechanisms and pathways that enable the nervous system to modulate processes associated with cancer initiation and progression. This research has also shown that several drugs which modulate interactions between the nervous system and the tumor micro- and macroenvironments significantly reduced the progression of cancer in animal models. Encouraging results were also provided by prospective clinical trials investigating the effect of drugs that reduce adrenergic signaling on the co

Targeting SREBP-2-Regulated Mevalonate Metabolism for Cancer Therapy.

Recently, targeting metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for fighting cancer. Sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor, mainly regulates genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and homeostasis. SREBP-2 binds to the sterol regulatory elements (SREs) in the promoters of its target genes and activates the transcription of mevalonate pathway genes, such as HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), mevalonate kinase and other key enzymes. In this review, we first summarized the structure of SREBP-2 and

Unlocking the Potential of Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis): Botanical Overview, Therapeutic Applications, and Nanotechnological Advances.

Background:Ganoderma lucidum (GL), commonly known as the "Lingzhi" or "Reishi" mushroom, has long been recognized for its potential health benefits and medicinal properties in traditional Chinese medicine. The unique potential combination of bioactive compounds present in GL, such as triterpenoids, polysaccharides, and peptides, has inspired interest in leveraging their therapeutic potential In recent years, the emerging field of nanotechnology has opened up new possibilities for using the remarkable properties of GL at the nanoscale. Objetive: The main objective of this review is to explore t

Anticancer Molecular Mechanisms of Curcuminoids: An Updated Review of Clinical Trials.

Curcuminoids are bioactive polyphenols, mainly extracted from Curcuma longa (turmeric), and have received much attention due to their pleiotropic anticancer properties. Recent evidence suggests that curcumin and analogs prevent the activation of a variety of signaling pathways, including the MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and NF-kB pathways, resulting in the induction of apoptosis, prevention of proliferation, and suppression. In addition to these processes, curcumin has been shown to enhance the efficacy of the conventional anti-cancer modalities such as radiation and chemotherapy. By suppressing the expres

Non-coding RNA in cancer drug resistance: Underlying mechanisms and clinical applications.

Cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignant diseases worldwide, posing a serious, long-term threat to patients' health and life. Systemic chemotherapy remains the first-line therapeutic approach for recurrent or metastatic cancer patients after surgery, with the potential to effectively extend patient survival. However, the development of drug resistance seriously limits the clinical efficiency of chemotherapy and ultimately results in treatment failure and patient death. A large number of studies have shown that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs, long non-coding RN

Viral warfare: unleashing engineered oncolytic viruses to outsmart cancer's defenses.

Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) has emerged as a promising and innovative cancer treatment strategy that harnesses engineered viruses to selectively infect, replicate within, and destroys malignant cells while sparing healthy tissues. Beyond direct oncolysis, oncolytic viruses (OVs) exploit tumor-specific metabolic, antiviral, and immunological vulnerabilities to reshape the tumor microenvironment (TME) and initiate systemic antitumor immunity. Despite promising results from preclinical and clinical studies, several barriers, including inefficient intratumoral virus delivery, immune clearance, and

The role and mechanisms of action of microRNAs in cancer drug resistance.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs with a length of about 19-25 nt, which can regulate various target genes and are thus involved in the regulation of a variety of biological and pathological processes, including the formation and development of cancer. Drug resistance in cancer chemotherapy is one of the main obstacles to curing this malignant disease. Statistical data indicate that over 90% of the mortality of patients with cancer is related to drug resistance. Drug resistance of cancer chemotherapy can be caused by many mechanisms, such as decreased antitumor drug uptake, modified

Unraveling Obesity and Multiple Myeloma: Insights from Epidemiology and Molecular Mechanisms.

Purpose of reviewThe global incidence of obesity has risen dramatically in recent decades, with consequent detrimental health effects. Extensive studies have demonstrated that obesity significantly affects the risk, prognosis, and progression of various cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM). As an established modifiable risk factor for both MM and its precursor stages -monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) and smoldering MM (SMM)- the association between obesity and disease onset has become a compelling area of research. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the cu

The nutrigenomic-epigenetic axis in cancer: from dietary bioactives to precision oncology.

Cancer development and progression are increasingly understood to arise from dynamic interactions between genetic alterations and environmentally driven epigenetic regulation, with dietary exposures representing one of the most biologically influential and modifiable factors. Given the expanding evidence linking nutrition to epigenomic remodeling, a comprehensive synthesis of how specific dietary components influence cancer-relevant epigenetic mechanisms is needed to clarify their preventive and therapeutic relevance. This review brings together mechanistic, epidemiologic, and translational fi

Резюме книги: ISEV2017.

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Docosahexaenoic Acid Modulates a HER2-Associated Lipogenic Phenotype, Induces Apoptosis, and Increases Trastuzumab Action in HER2-Overexpressing Breast Carcinoma Cells.

In breast cancer, lipid metabolic alterations have been recognized as potential oncogenic stimuli that may promote malignancy. To investigate whether the oncogenic nature of lipogenesis closely depends on the overexpression of HER2 protooncogene, the normal breast cell line, HB4a, was transfected with HER2 cDNA to obtain HER2-overexpressing HB4aC5.2 cells. Both cell lines were treated with trastuzumab and docosahexaenoic acid. HER2 overexpression was accompanied by an increase in the expression of lipogenic genes involved in uptake (CD36), transport (FABP4), and storage (DGAT) of exogenous fat

Sclerostin Alters Tumor Cell Characteristics of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and May Be a Key Player in Local Bone Invasion.

Localized jawbone invasion is a milestone in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The factors that promote this process are not well understood. Sclerostin is known to be involved in bone metabolism and there are preliminary reports of its involvement in bone tumors and bone metastasis. To identify a possible involvement of sclerostin in the bone invasion process of OSCC, sclerostin expression was analyzed in vitro in two different human OSCC tumor cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and the effect of recombinant human (rh)-sclerostin tr

RANKL Drives Bone Metastasis in Mammary Cancer: Protective Effects of Anti-Resorptive Treatments.

Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) is essential for osteoclast formation and bone resorption, in osteolytic conditions such as osteoporosis and bone metastases. However, its role in metastasis progression remains incompletely understood. Herein, we examined whether the overexpression of human RANKL in transgenic mice (TgRANKL) affects their susceptibility to breast cancer bone metastasis compared to their wild-type (WT) littermates. Bone metastasis was induced by injecting EO771 mouse mammary adenocarcinoma cells into the caudal artery of syngeneic WT and TgRANKL mice. RANK

Guggulsterone Induces Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma Cells by Targeting High Mobility Group Box 1 via Janus Activated Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Pathway.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological disorder characterized by the abnormal expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Despite great advances over the past three decades in discovering the efficacious therapies for MM, the disease remains incurable for most patients owing to emergence of drug-resistant cancerous cells. Guggulsterone (GS), a phytosteroid, extracted from the gum resin of guggul plant, has displayed various anticancer activities in vitro and in vivo; however, the molecular mechanisms of its anticancer activity have not been evaluated in MM cells. Therefore, in this study,

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… Inhibition of janus kinase 2 by compound AG490 suppresses the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells via up-regulating SARI (suppressor of AP-1, regulated by IFN) Iran J. Basic Med. Sci. 2015;18:599–603. 50. Valentino L., Pierre J. …

Ion Channels in Multiple Myeloma: Pathogenic Role and Therapeutic Perspectives.

Ion channels are pore-forming proteins that allow ions to flow across plasma membranes and intracellular organelles in both excitable and non-excitable cells. They are involved in the regulation of several biological processes (i.e., proliferation, cell volume and shape, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis). Recently, the aberrant expression of ion channels has emerged as an important step of malignant transformation, tumor progression, and drug resistance, leading to the idea of "onco-channelopathy". Here, we review the contribution of ion channels and transporters in multiple myeloma (

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… Correction: Expression and function of voltage gated proton channels (Hv1) in MDA-MB-231 cells. PLoS ONE. 2020;15:e0235158. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227522. 68. Wang Y., Li S.J., Pan J., Che Y., Yin J., Zhao Q. …

Drug Repurposing for Cancer Treatment: A Comprehensive Review.

Cancer ranks among the primary contributors to global mortality. In 2022, the global incidence of new cancer cases reached about 20 million, while the number of cancer-related fatalities reached 9.7 million. In Saudi Arabia, there were 13,399 deaths caused by cancer and 28,113 newly diagnosed cases of cancer. Drug repurposing is a drug discovery strategy that has gained special attention and implementation to enhance the process of drug development due to its time- and money-saving effect. It involves repositioning existing medications to new clinical applications. Cancer treatment is a therap

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… Furthermore, 5-FU reduces the expression of the Rho-A gene, therefore reducing apoptosis and metastasis. 5-FU markedly reduced the expression of Rac1 protein in Tumor2 and MDA-MB-231 cells, which plays a crucial role in cell movement, invasion, and resistance to cell death. 5-FU downregulated the expression …

Polyphenols as Antitumor Agents Targeting Key Players in Cancer-Driving Signaling Pathways.

Polyphenols constitute an important group of natural products that are traditionally associated with a wide range of bioactivities. These are usually found in low concentrations in natural products and are now available in nutraceuticals or dietary supplements. A group of polyphenols that include apigenin, quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, EGCG, and kaempferol have been shown to regulate signaling pathways that are central for cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Here, we describe novel mechanistic insights on the effect of this group of polyphenols on key elements of the signaling